US3770859A - Building materials - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3770859A
US3770859A US00158030A US3770859DA US3770859A US 3770859 A US3770859 A US 3770859A US 00158030 A US00158030 A US 00158030A US 3770859D A US3770859D A US 3770859DA US 3770859 A US3770859 A US 3770859A
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United States
Prior art keywords
powder
mould
liquid
mixture
fibre
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US00158030A
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English (en)
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C Bevan
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Bevan Ass C G
C BEVAN ASS LTD GB
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Bevan Ass C G
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B28B1/521—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement from dry mixtures to which a setting agent is applied after forming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/43—Processes of curing clay and concrete materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of building products, particularly panels such as wall panels or partition panels from a basic constituent comprising a liquid setting powder and a fibrous support constituent, the panels being of the type having at least one bore extending through the panel core from one edge of the panel to the opposite edge.
  • the invention is primarily concerned with the manufacture of fibre reinforced partition panels .for the building industry, for example glass fibre reinforced gypsum panels but the invention may also be used for most liquid setting powders mixed with fibrous materials and may also include aggregate materials as fillers.
  • the present invention provides a method of producing a building product from a liquid setting powder constituent and a fibrous constituent, the product having at least one bore extending therethrough, the method comprising mixing the powder and fibrous constituents in a substantially dry state, forming the resultant substantially dry mixture into a required product shape incorporating said at least one bore and allowing liquid for setting the powder to seep through the mixture whilst supporting outer surfaces thereof and leaving inner sur- 3,770,859 Patented Nov. 6, 1973 face means thereof defining said at least one bore exposed to the liquid to provide flow path means for the liquid through the mixture, said fibrous constituent having a binding effect on the powder constituent to minimize erosion of the powder constituent at said inner surface means and collapse thereof into said at least one bore during liquid seepage.
  • the invention is particularly useful in the manufacture of hollow cored panels of the type comprising a pair of outer face layers interconnected by spaced webs defining bores therebetween and reinforced by long fibres orientated substantially along the panel length.
  • the webs in such panels lying substantially at righ angles to the direction of fibre orientation help to prevent longitudinal splitting of the panels when, for reasons of economy, highly unidirectional fibre orientation may be required.
  • Using a method according to the invention it has been found possible to produce lightweight panels of high strength with wall and web thicknesses to under a quarter of an inch.
  • the invention is carried into effect by introducing the constituents in a substantially dry state into a mould incorporating one or more formers for producing the or each bore, compacting the mixture before, during or after introduction to the mould (generally by vibration) removing the bore formers, and then gradually immersing the mould in liquid or otherwise allowing liquid to seep through the mould. After a suitable immersion time, the mould is removed from the liquid and the resultant product removed from the mould in a conventional manner.
  • the process according to the invention minimizes the usual difiiculties of fibre bunching when wet mixing and substantially eliminates the need for extracting excess liquid as when wet mixing methods are used.
  • the process also eliminates the need to include retarding agents in the mixture to prevent premature setting during the mixing and mould filling when for example gypsum is the powder constituent, and production speed and mould utilization can therefore be substantially improved, it even being possible to include cure accelerating agents in the liquid to achieve a rapid or even near instantaneous or flash set of the material.
  • Fibre orientation is achieved readily by adjusting the feed rate of the powder fibre mix so that the leading part of each fibre is arrested by the already compacted surface of material in the mould and (with the absence of surface tension forces normally occurring in wet mixes) the trailing part is free to continue'to fall and slip each fibre into the approximate horizontal position leading to fibre orientation lengthwise of the panel.
  • Typical raw materials for use in the process are:
  • Liquid setting powders-plasters Liquid setting powders-plasters, gypsum, anhydrite, portland cement and high alumina cement.
  • Fibrous materialsglass, asbestos, sisal, ene, wood fibre usually 1% to 5% ture.
  • FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a panel made by a process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1b is an enlarged perspective view of one end of the panel shown in FIG. 1a.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a plant for producing fibre reinforced panels of the type shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a completed building panel having a pair of opposed planar surface layers a connected by integrally formed webs b, the webs defining therebetween bores extending from one edge of the panel d to its opposite edge e.
  • Typical fibre orientation is shown by arrows g.
  • FIG. 2 which shows a plant for producing panels as shown in FIG. 1
  • moulds 6 are circulated through a filling and compacting station where they receive a mixture of dry powder and fibre material which is compacted in the mould around bore formers 7, supported at their upper ends by a fixed support element 8, the moulds then gradually being lowered into a tank 11 containing liquid setting agent which seeps upwardly through the dry mixture in a mould, the mould after immersion and setting of the material within the tank being upwardly withdrawn and the resultant panel being removed so that the then empty moulds can be recirculated to the filling and compacting station.
  • a metering and feeding device 1 which may be of any form, for example a screw, a rotary valve, or a pneumatic device such as a vibrofiuidization feeder to the type disclosed in our copending United Kingdom patent application No. 3,979/ 70 is passed through a distributing chamber 2 which may include a sieve or baffies and hence showered through a fibre/mixing chamber where it is mixed with fibres received from conventional fibre feed devices such as fibre cutters 3 which may be in the form of rotating knives cutting controlled lengths of fibre from reels 4.
  • a distributing chamber 2 which may include a sieve or baffies and hence showered through a fibre/mixing chamber where it is mixed with fibres received from conventional fibre feed devices such as fibre cutters 3 which may be in the form of rotating knives cutting controlled lengths of fibre from reels 4.
  • Components 5 and 8 normally vibrate with a mould mixing station and a base 9, and components 1, 3 and 4 may reciprocate horizontally along the length of the mould to fill same or alternatively a series of stationary feeders 1 and cutters 3 may be provided along the length of the mould.
  • the moulds each have a perforated base to accommodate the bore formers 7 and the mould at the filling station is clamped below a chamber 5 to a vibrating table 9 so that as the mixture enters the mould it is compacted by vibration.
  • the bore formers 7 are withdrawable from the mould from below into a vibrating table 9, these being withdrawn when a mould is filled. Vibration is continued throughout the filling operation of the mould and it is stopped when the mould is filled. Then the bore formers are withdrawn and the next mould in line is clamped to the table 9.
  • a filled mould proceeds on rails downwardly into the tank 11 so that liquid in the tank which may be water (generally warm water to accelerate the cure) seeps upwardly through the compacted mixture within the mould, the bores providing fiow paths facilitating the passage of liquid through the mixture.
  • the rate of immersion may for example be above 1 to 3 inches per minute for a typical coarse plaster mix dependent on the particle size and degree of compaction.
  • the outer surfaces of the panel are supported by the mould walls but the surfaces surrounding each bore are unsupported so that the bores provide passages for the upward seepage of liquid through the mixture.
  • the interlocking effect of the fibres on the powder substantially prevents erosion of the powder at these unsupported walls and collapse of the powder constituent into the bores.
  • the interlocking elfect achieved on the powder particles by the intimate distribution of short fine fibres throughout the powder volume improves the resistance of the mixture to erosion at the exposed bore surfaces during liquid seepage and accordingly allows the production of thin walled products (down to a wall thickness of under a quarter of an inch).
  • the powder grain size is also reduced and the bulk of the mixture will pass through a No. 40 British Standard Sieve. It has been found that if the powder particles are predominantly too coarse to pass a British Standard 40 Sieve, there will generally be more seepage erosion.
  • the powder itself can have a similar stabilizing effect as inclusions of short fibre if the shape of the powder particles or crystals is approximately oblong as opposed to cubic or spheroidal. With a length to breadth ratio of roughly 2:1 for powder crystals, it has been found that fine fibre inclusions may be omitted provided the long strands are present.
  • the moulds may 'be moved under a static filling head instead of moving the filling head over a static mould as disclosed above.
  • these would be rotated under the filling head whilst in the case of panel moulds these would be reciprocated under the filling head.
  • the process is particularly suitable for use with a powder comprising a mixture of calcium sulphate (gypsum) ground or mixed with high alumina cement in the ratio for example of about 20 to 25% by weight of calcium sulphate, 75 to 80% by weight of high alumina cement.
  • gypsum calcium sulphate
  • Filling and compaction of the moulds may be by vibrofiuidization methods as discussed in the above copending application whereby the compaction takes place above the mould rather than in the mould and the mould itself need not be vibrated. In such cases the fibre orientation will be considerably reduced and the method is useful where a more random orientation is required.
  • Liquid seepage through the moulds can be effected by allowing the liquid to rise in a tank containing the moulds and then draining away excess liquid after setting.
  • the moulds themselves can form the tank and the liquid can be allowed to rise within each mould or in batteries of moulds.
  • Any suitable bore formers can be used such as bottom or top withdrawing formers and any cross-section is suitable provided only that there is sufiicient powder and fibre material around the bores to prevent collapse of the powder during liquid seepage.
  • Any suitable form of vibration may be used during compaction of the drying material in the moulds to ensure flow in the upper sections of the filling apparatus.
  • the various sections may vibrate separately and at different fequencies or they may vibrate in unison. Amplitudes of of an inch and frequencies of 3,000 cycles per minute have been found satisfactory but the vibrations may have frequencies up into the ultrasonic range depending on the type of powder fibre mix. Waveforms may be sinusoidal or any other configuration.
  • the rate of immersion times within the liquid will depend on the powder particle size, the fibre characteristics and the wall thickness, generally from 1 to 3 inches per minute for panels with A" thick walls.
  • Course particles e.g. commercial grade course plaster can be soaked more rapidly than fine powders without the risk of air pockets forming causing surface blemishes.
  • Fillers and aggregates may be added and mixed to the constituents at any stage prior to entry to the mould and alternative distribution methods may be used.
  • a panel of the type shown in FIG. 1 was produced in apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 using a powder constituent comprising gypsum plaster, i.e. plaster of paris without set retarding agents, in fine plaster form and was premixed in a dry state by a cutter impeller or fluidizer mixer with 0.1% by weight of glass fibre strands chopped to quarter inch lengths. After treatment in the cutter impeller for two minutes the quarter inch fibre strands be came split into their constituent hair-like individual fibres ranging in length up to a quarter inch. The resultant powder constituent was fed into the feeder device 2 and mixed in chamber 5 with relatively long fibre strands chopped by the knives 4 to lengths of about 1 /2 inches.
  • gypsum plaster i.e. plaster of paris without set retarding agents
  • the resultant mixture was showered into a mould 6 and compacted therein by vibration.
  • the bore formers 7 were then removed and the mould was immersed in a warm liquid bath with a speed of immersion of about 1 inch per minute. minutes after complete immersion within the bath, the mould was immediately removed and the resultant panel demoulded.
  • the size of the panels were 2 feet in height, 8 feet in length and 1% inches wide with wall thickness and web thicknesses of a inch. Temperature of the water was 50 C.
  • Example II The above process was repeated with a powdered constituent being a mixture of 60% by weight of high alumina cement, 30% by weight of gypsum as in Example I, and 10% by weight of fine Perlite. The process as set out in Example I was repeated except that an extra 15 minutes immersion time was allowed.
  • the resultant panels have relatively long fibres distributed substantially along the planes of the outer faces and webs as shown at f in FIG. 1b and this gives the required reinforcement to the powder constituent in the finished product.
  • a method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the rate of feed of the dry mixture is such that oncoming mixture feeds onto a substantially compacted mixture surface to substantially unidirectionally orientate relatively long fibre strands contained in the fibrous constituent.
  • said fibrous constituent comprises relatively long reenforcing fibres distributed through said powder constituent.
  • said fibrous constituent further comprises relatively short fine fibres substantially evenly distributed through said powder constituent.
  • a method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said relatively short fine fibres are hair-like fibres having a length up to 4 inch.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said product is a building panel comprising a pair of spaced outer layers interconnected by a series of webs defining bores therebetween extending from one edge to the opposite edge of the panel.
  • fibres are oriented along the length of said outer layers at right angles to the direction of extent of the Webs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
US00158030A 1970-07-07 1971-06-29 Building materials Expired - Lifetime US3770859A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3291770 1970-07-07
GB5203170 1970-11-02

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US (1) US3770859A (de)
DE (1) DE2133320C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2100283A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1346767A (de)

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914359A (en) * 1971-01-04 1975-10-21 Bevan Ass C G Building or constructional material
US3972972A (en) * 1973-04-21 1976-08-03 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Process for producing a board of cement-like material reinforced by fibrous material and apparatus for the process
US3988199A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-10-26 Johns-Manville Corporation Perlite insulation board and method of making the same
US4067939A (en) * 1974-08-07 1978-01-10 Lowe James N Casting of articles containing calcined gypsum
US4144086A (en) * 1974-12-23 1979-03-13 Ab Alfong Betonghardningsmedel Additive for concrete
US4252767A (en) * 1975-06-17 1981-02-24 Daniel Zimmer Composite building module
US4256680A (en) * 1978-08-25 1981-03-17 Fumio Usui Method and apparatus for producing reinforced synthetic resin pipe
US4376086A (en) * 1980-04-22 1983-03-08 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik fur Baustoffe GmbH Process for the production of calcium silicate-containing stone blanks useful in constructing building walls
US4524042A (en) * 1982-08-09 1985-06-18 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Process for producing hydraulically setting extruding materials
US4684567A (en) * 1985-06-15 1987-08-04 Mitsui Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Reinforced structural material and reinforced fibrous inorganic structure reinforced therewith
US4812273A (en) * 1985-11-07 1989-03-14 C. G. Bevan Associates Limited Moulding of construction products by vibration and pressure applications at relatively small intensities
US4966739A (en) * 1987-06-06 1990-10-30 Babcock-Bsh Aktiengesellschaft Vormals Buttner-Schilde-Haas Ag Process for making gypsum fiberboard
WO1991017875A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-28 E. Khashoggi Industries Hydraulically bonded cement compositions and their methods of manufacture and use
US5356579A (en) * 1990-05-18 1994-10-18 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods of manufacture and use for low density hydraulically bonded cement compositions
US5385764A (en) * 1992-08-11 1995-01-31 E. Khashoggi Industries Hydraulically settable containers and other articles for storing, dispensing, and packaging food and beverages and methods for their manufacture
US5506046A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-04-09 E. Khashoggi Industries Articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5508072A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-04-16 E. Khashoggi Industries Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5514430A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-05-07 E. Khashoggi Industries Coated hydraulically settable containers and other articles for storing, dispensing, and packaging food and beverages
US5543186A (en) * 1993-02-17 1996-08-06 E. Khashoggi Industries Sealable liquid-tight, thin-walled containers made from hydraulically settable materials
US5545297A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-13 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for continuously placing filaments within hydraulically settable compositions being extruded into articles of manufacture
US5545450A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-13 E. Khashoggi Industries Molded articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5580409A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-12-03 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for manufacturing articles of manufacture from hydraulically settable sheets
US5580624A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-12-03 E. Khashoggi Industries Food and beverage containers made from inorganic aggregates and polysaccharide, protein, or synthetic organic binders, and the methods of manufacturing such containers
US5582670A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-12-10 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for the manufacture of sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5631097A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-05-20 E. Khashoggi Industries Laminate insulation barriers having a cementitious structural matrix and methods for their manufacture
US5631053A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-05-20 E. Khashoggi Industries Hinged articles having an inorganically filled matrix
US5637412A (en) * 1990-05-18 1997-06-10 E. Khashoggi Industries Compressed hydraulically bonded composite articles
US5641584A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-06-24 E. Khashoggi Industries Highly insulative cementitious matrices and methods for their manufacture
US5658603A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-08-19 E. Khashoggi Industries Systems for molding articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5660903A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-08-26 E. Khashoggi Industries Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5665439A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-09-09 E. Khashoggi Industries Articles of manufacture fashioned from hydraulically settable sheets
US5702651A (en) * 1996-03-01 1997-12-30 The United States Of America As Respresented By The Secretary Of The Army Use of oriented tabular aggregate in manufacture of high-flexural-strength concrete
US5705239A (en) * 1992-08-11 1998-01-06 E. Khashoggi Industries Molded articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5709913A (en) * 1992-08-11 1998-01-20 E. Khashoggi Industries Method and apparatus for manufacturing articles of manufacture from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5720913A (en) * 1992-08-11 1998-02-24 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for manufacturing sheets from hydraulically settable compositions
US5738921A (en) * 1993-08-10 1998-04-14 E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc Compositions and methods for manufacturing sealable, liquid-tight containers comprising an inorganically filled matrix
US5830548A (en) * 1992-08-11 1998-11-03 E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc Articles of manufacture and methods for manufacturing laminate structures including inorganically filled sheets
US5849155A (en) * 1993-02-02 1998-12-15 E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc Method for dispersing cellulose based fibers in water
US5928741A (en) * 1992-08-11 1999-07-27 E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc Laminated articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US20040219357A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-11-04 Dirk Van Dijk Reinforced profile
US20050013984A1 (en) * 1995-04-27 2005-01-20 Dijk Dirk Van Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same
US20050077655A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2005-04-14 Nissan Kenzai Co., Ltd. Method of preventing adhesion of gypsum foreign matter of gypsum slurry, gypsum slurry supply stabilizing device with gypsum foreign matter adhesion prevention device, and method of manufacturing gypsum board by using the stabilizing device
US20050108967A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2005-05-26 Dirk Van Dijk Cover or wall profile
US20070044416A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2007-03-01 Dirk Van Dijk Cover or wall profile
US20100043339A1 (en) * 1995-04-27 2010-02-25 Dirk Van Dijk Modular Housing Unit
US7713460B2 (en) 1995-04-27 2010-05-11 Tech-Wood International Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing of plastic-based composite product

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1048497B (it) * 1978-09-14 1980-11-20 Igeco Pontello Prefab Metodo per la produzione di pannelli in calcestruzzo armato per costruzioni edili presentanti fori passanti verticali interspaziati ed apparecchiature per attuare tale metodo
GB8709324D0 (en) * 1987-04-21 1987-05-28 Bevan Assoc Reinforcement of moulded construction products
FR3118751B1 (fr) 2021-01-13 2024-06-28 Psa Automobiles Sa Véhicule à structure à élément à raideur variable
AT524739A1 (de) * 2021-02-01 2022-08-15 Baumit Beteiligungen Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von armierten 3D-gedruckten beton- bzw. mörtelbasierten Objekten

Cited By (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914359A (en) * 1971-01-04 1975-10-21 Bevan Ass C G Building or constructional material
US3972972A (en) * 1973-04-21 1976-08-03 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Process for producing a board of cement-like material reinforced by fibrous material and apparatus for the process
US4067939A (en) * 1974-08-07 1978-01-10 Lowe James N Casting of articles containing calcined gypsum
US4144086A (en) * 1974-12-23 1979-03-13 Ab Alfong Betonghardningsmedel Additive for concrete
US3988199A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-10-26 Johns-Manville Corporation Perlite insulation board and method of making the same
US4252767A (en) * 1975-06-17 1981-02-24 Daniel Zimmer Composite building module
US4256680A (en) * 1978-08-25 1981-03-17 Fumio Usui Method and apparatus for producing reinforced synthetic resin pipe
USRE32673E (en) * 1980-04-22 1988-05-24 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik fur Baustoffe GmbH Process for the production of calcium silicate-containing stone blanks useful in constructing building walls
US4376086A (en) * 1980-04-22 1983-03-08 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik fur Baustoffe GmbH Process for the production of calcium silicate-containing stone blanks useful in constructing building walls
US4524042A (en) * 1982-08-09 1985-06-18 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Process for producing hydraulically setting extruding materials
US4684567A (en) * 1985-06-15 1987-08-04 Mitsui Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Reinforced structural material and reinforced fibrous inorganic structure reinforced therewith
US4812273A (en) * 1985-11-07 1989-03-14 C. G. Bevan Associates Limited Moulding of construction products by vibration and pressure applications at relatively small intensities
US4966739A (en) * 1987-06-06 1990-10-30 Babcock-Bsh Aktiengesellschaft Vormals Buttner-Schilde-Haas Ag Process for making gypsum fiberboard
WO1991017875A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-28 E. Khashoggi Industries Hydraulically bonded cement compositions and their methods of manufacture and use
US5356579A (en) * 1990-05-18 1994-10-18 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods of manufacture and use for low density hydraulically bonded cement compositions
US5358676A (en) * 1990-05-18 1994-10-25 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods of manufacture and use for hydraulically bonded cement
US5635292A (en) * 1990-05-18 1997-06-03 E. Khashoggi Industries Compressed low density hydraulically bonded composite articles
US5637412A (en) * 1990-05-18 1997-06-10 E. Khashoggi Industries Compressed hydraulically bonded composite articles
US5658603A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-08-19 E. Khashoggi Industries Systems for molding articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5705238A (en) * 1992-08-11 1998-01-06 E. Khashoggi Industries Articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5514430A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-05-07 E. Khashoggi Industries Coated hydraulically settable containers and other articles for storing, dispensing, and packaging food and beverages
US5928741A (en) * 1992-08-11 1999-07-27 E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc Laminated articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5545297A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-13 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for continuously placing filaments within hydraulically settable compositions being extruded into articles of manufacture
US5545450A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-08-13 E. Khashoggi Industries Molded articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5580409A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-12-03 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for manufacturing articles of manufacture from hydraulically settable sheets
US5580624A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-12-03 E. Khashoggi Industries Food and beverage containers made from inorganic aggregates and polysaccharide, protein, or synthetic organic binders, and the methods of manufacturing such containers
US5582670A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-12-10 E. Khashoggi Industries Methods for the manufacture of sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5614307A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-03-25 E. Khashoggi Industries Sheets made from moldable hydraulically settable compositions
US5626954A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-05-06 E. Khashoggi Industries Sheets made from moldable hydraulically settable materials
US5631052A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-05-20 E. Khashoggi Industries Coated cementitious packaging containers
US5631097A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-05-20 E. Khashoggi Industries Laminate insulation barriers having a cementitious structural matrix and methods for their manufacture
US5631053A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-05-20 E. Khashoggi Industries Hinged articles having an inorganically filled matrix
US5506046A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-04-09 E. Khashoggi Industries Articles of manufacture fashioned from sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5453310A (en) * 1992-08-11 1995-09-26 E. Khashoggi Industries Cementitious materials for use in packaging containers and their methods of manufacture
US5641584A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-06-24 E. Khashoggi Industries Highly insulative cementitious matrices and methods for their manufacture
US5654048A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-08-05 E. Khashoggi Industries Cementitious packaging containers
US5385764A (en) * 1992-08-11 1995-01-31 E. Khashoggi Industries Hydraulically settable containers and other articles for storing, dispensing, and packaging food and beverages and methods for their manufacture
US5660904A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-08-26 E. Khashoggi Industries Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5660903A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-08-26 E. Khashoggi Industries Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix
US5665439A (en) * 1992-08-11 1997-09-09 E. Khashoggi Industries Articles of manufacture fashioned from hydraulically settable sheets
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2100283A5 (de) 1972-03-17
DE2133320C3 (de) 1980-05-22
DE2133320B2 (de) 1979-09-06
GB1346767A (en) 1974-02-13
DE2133320A1 (de) 1972-03-09

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