Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
  • D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/16—Processes for the non-uniform application of treating agents, e.g. one-sided treatment; Differential treatment
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S297/00—Chairs and seats
  • Y10S297/05—Fireproof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
  • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2481—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including layer of mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips

Definitions

• a flameproofing agent is applied to combustible sheet [5 Int. material in a pattern in small areas of con. 8.] Field 1 Search l17/37 137, centration of flameproofing agent are distributed subl17/133 stantially uniformly on the sheet material and alternate with areas of low to zero concentration of the [56] References Cited flameproofing agent.
• the present invention relates to the flameproofing of sheet materials.
• thermoplastic material which has a much lower bath take-up than cellulosic or wool fibers
• an improved and more universally obtainable flame-retardant effect can be achieved if agents having a flame-retarding action are present on sheet material, in particular textile sheet material, in the form of a pattern only locally, i.e., where areas with a high concentration of the agent alternate with areas with low tozero concentration of such agents, and where the average distance between areas of high concentration of flame-retarding agents preferably is at most ten times, preferably less than five times the thickness of the sheet material.
• the present invention also includes a process for imparting flame-retardant properties to sheet material by applying agents which have a flame-retarding action to said sheet material in the form of a pattern, in which areas with a high concentration of the agent alternate with areas' with low to zero concentration of such an agent.
• flame-retarding agent any agent which, when applied to a certain sheet material, is capable of reducing the rate at which a flame propagates itself along this sheet material, or
• -Such flame-retarding agents may act either by giving off gases which do notsupport combustion and thus displace oxygen in the air present in and around the sheet material exposed to a flame, by forming a virtually non-combustible coating around the components of the sheet material if exposed to ignition temperatures, by catalytic or chemical interaction with the material of the sheet material or components thereof, or with gases developing during burning, by influencing thermal decomposition characteristics (such as for instance by lowering the thermal decomposition temperature of the material to below its ignition temperature), the ignition temperature or the heat of combustion or the heat capacity of the sheet material or componentsthereof.
• the mechanism of the action'of flame-retarding agents is still not completely understood.
• Such agents are believed to act by decomposing at temperatures equal to or below the temperature of the flame and-or to have a catalytic effect at these temperatures on gases given off during burning, on the burning material itself, or both. In some cases they may act by dissipating heat or by decomposing into noncombustible gases.
• flame-retarding agents which all may be used for products and processes according to the present invention per se or in mixtures.
• Agents giving off non-combustible gases comprise halogen compounds having a relatively low decomposition temperature, in particularly organic chloro and bromo compounds, compounds containing boron, nitrogen compounds, in particular ammonium salts of acids and nitrogen compounds where nitrogen is bonded to other atoms with preferably only one bond.
• halogen compounds having a relatively low decomposition temperature in particularly organic chloro and bromo compounds, compounds containing boron, nitrogen compounds, in particular ammonium salts of acids and nitrogen compounds where nitrogen is bonded to other atoms with preferably only one bond.
• Most widely used among flame-retarding agents whose active ingredient remains predominantly in the charred product are inorganic and in particular organic phosphorous compounds, which at least in the case of cellulose are believed to change catalytically themechanism' of thermal decomposition.
• flame-retarding agents are molyb-' denum, antimony, silicon, aluminum and other polyva-' rics, but also in sheets of foam, plastics, and wood. They are present in the form of an irregular or random or a regular pattern, where the areas of high concentrations of those agents may or may not be interconnected, i.e., where the agent may be present for instance in the form of dots (not interconnected) or lines alone or dots interconnected by lines, or in any other pattern where between areas of high concentration on the agent there are areas with relatively low or zero concentration of the flame-retarding agent.
• the total amount of flame-retarding agents applied to the sheet material is between 2 and 30 percent, usually between 5 and 15 percent of the weight of the sheet material depending on the agents used and flame-retarding requirements.
• the areas of high concentration may lie within the body of the sheet material, i.e., imbedded in the sheet material without adding to its thickness (this is particularly useful if the sheet material is relatively thick) or they may only partly penetrate in the sheet material or sit virtually only on its surface (thus increasing the thickness of the sheet material) on either or both sides or faces of the sheet material.
• the total area of the areas of low or zero concentration of the flame-retarding agent should not exceed the total area of the area of high concentration by a factor of more than 10, preferably 5.
• the distance between the edges of high concentration areas should not be more than five times, preferably three times or less than the median diameter of the high concentration area, and the distance between high concentration areas should be less than times, preferably five tiems or less the thickness of the sheet material.
• the flameretarding material may sit on the surface of the sheet material on either or both sides depending on the pattern and the flame-retardancy requirements, without substantially penetrating into the sheet material.
• Flame-retarding agents may be present in pure form or together with thermoplastic or non-thermoplastic binders, finishing agents, white or colored pigments, etc. They may be applied in the form of dispersions, emulsions, dry powders or pastes by known methods such as printing, dry powder application (scattering, powder-dot transfer), and spraying. These agents may at the time they are applied already be polymeric or they may be subsequently transformed into polymers, be chemically modified or reacted with other agents present or with the sheet material or components thereof.
• the sheet material may consist of cellulose or derivatives thereof, of proteinic material such as present in wool, of synthetic thermoplastic polymers such as polymerisates, co-polymerisates or mixed polymerisates of acrylic, vinylic, olefinic monomers, of lactams or lactones, or they may be polycondensates of polyhydroxy-compounds and poly-hydroxylic acids, of
• poly-carboxylic acids and polyamines of poly-hydroxy compounds and isocyanates or mixtures of such polymers.
• These polymers may be present as fibers in the form of textile fabrics (woven, knitted or non-woven), as films, sheets containing or consisting of one or more polymeric components, as paper, cardboard or woodlike sheet material, sheets of foam or laminates of two or more of the sheet materials mentioned.
• Such sheet material if present in the form of textile fabrics, may be given the flame-retarding treatment according to the present invention at any stage of finishing, but preferably this treatment is applied as one of the last steps in the finishing sequence.
• Such sheet material may be coated with polymeric material and/or be mechanically deformed for instance by embossing or pressing prior or subsequent to being given the flame-retarding treatment according to the present invention.
• sheet material is to be understood a shape that is thin in relation to its length and breadth. It may be sheetlike in the sense of sheets of fabrics of paper or of films, where a thin material is present in lengths exceeding the width by a factor of 10, 20 or more or it may consist of parts cut from such sheets or formed in that way. It has been found possible to apply flameretarding agents according to the present invention in a discontinuous form on only one side of the face of the sheet material or on both.
• a one-sided localized application is particularly useful in cases where fabrics in actual use are exposed to the accidental action of an incendiary only from one side and where the flameretarding agent thus can be located on the invisible side of the material where it cannot unfavorably affect other properties as would the same agent if distributed evenly throughout the sheet material.
• the discontinuous, pattern-like application of flameretarding agents also has the advantage that one may apply agents in the form of pigments, powders, in molten form, in the form of soluble or insoluble polymers, dispersions, emulsions, etc., i.e., one has a much wider choice of formulation and thus may use agents which could not be used by conventional methods leading to a uniform distribution throughout the sheet material or by coating. Even though there are areas where there are high concentrations of the flame-retarding agent than if the same agent is distributed uniformly throughout the sheet material, there always will be areas in between the high concentration areas which are not affected at all by the presence of the flame-retarding agent and thus will bend very easily. Total stiffness thus is much lower than if the same amount of the same agent is uniformly distributed over the sheet material.
• Example I A cotton broad cloth which had been desized, bleached, mercerized and given a wash and wear finish was treated with a paste containing 2.4 g. Carbopol as a thickening agent and 20 g. diammonium phosphate as the flame-retarding agent in ml of water was printed on one side in a pattern of dots, each dot having a diameter of 0.8 mm. and the dots being disposed in rows so that the distance between the edges of adjacent dots is 1 mm. and the total high concentration area is 20 percent of total cloth area. The amount of flameretarding agent applied to the fabric was 5 percent of the weight of the fabric.
• Example II (Comparison) The fabric of Example I was padded in an aqueous solution of diammonium phosphate as a flameretarding agent, the add-on being adjusted in such a way that the fabric also contained 5 percent diammonium phosphate, uniformly distributed thereon.
• the treated sample of Example I in which the flameretarding agent was present in a discontinuous form had a softer handle than the sample of Example II in which the agent was distributed uniformly throughout the fabric.
• the two samples and an untreated control were tested according to AATCC 33-1962 (45 configuration of the fabric).
• Sample 1 (dots): Burning time 6.4 sec.
• Sample 2 (uniform distribution): Burning time 6.5 sec.
• Control (untreated): Burning time 4.0 sec.
• Example III Examples I and II were repeated, the add-on of diammonium phosphate this time being percent on the weight of the fabric. When subjected to the same burning test neither fabric sample burned.
• Example IV The sample treated according to Example I was wrapped around a piece of polyurethane foam. The same was done with an untreated control. A gas flame (length 2 cm) was directed towards the two samples for 7 seconds. The foam wrapped in the control started to burn immediately, while the flame on the foam wrapped in fabric treated according to Example I died after the gas flame had been removed, both when the dots were on the inside or on the outside of the wrapping fabric.
• Example V Example I was repeated for a 50:50 cotton/polyester blend (shirting), the treatment being applied to one side only, and the amount of flame-retardant being present on the fabric in an amount of 5 percent by weight on the weight of the fabric.
• a slight melting of the polyester was noted and the flame died after a second.
• An identical test on an untreated control resulted in melting and burning of the polyester.
• Example VI Example V was repeated for a polyester blouse material. In the burning tests, the treated material melted slightly and the flame died immediately on removal from the gas flame. The untreated melted'and burned.
• Example VII A cotton poplin (desized, bleached, mercerized and vat dyed, weight 120 g/m”) was padded in an aqueous solution containing 400 g water and 600 g Flancein AC (a 50 percent solution of an organic compound containing halogen, phosphor and nitrogen atoms, made by Quehl, Speyer, Germany). The solids add-0n after squeezing and drying was 25 percent on the weight of the fabric (sample A, treated control).
• a second sample was prepared in the same way, but with an add-on of only 20 percent solids (sample B, treated control B).
• Example B To the same fabric (sample B) the same amount of the same flameproofing agent was applied by printing by means of the screen printing method described in Example 7, 34 percent of the screen being open.
• the flameproofing agent thus was present on the sample in the form of dots separated by areas of fabric not con- 1 taining any flameproofing agent.
• the area covered by dots was about one third of the total area.
• a process for flameproofing combustible sheet material which comprises applying to said sheet material a pattern of a flameproofing agent in which small areas of high concentration of flameproofing agent are distributed substantially uniformly on said sheet material and alternate with areas of low to zero concentration of flameproofing agent, said areas of low to zero concentration not exceeding said areas of high concentration by a factor of about 10, and the distance be-,
• flame-proofing agent is less than about five times the thickness of said sheet material.
• a flameproof sheet material comprising an ordinarily combustible sheet material having a flameproofing agent applied thereto in a pattern in which small areas of high concentration of the flameproofing agent are distributed substantially uniformly on said sheet material and alternate with areas of low to zero concentration of flameproofing agent, said areas of low to zero concentration not exceeding said areas of high concentration by a factor of about 10, and the distance between said areas of high concentration being less than about 10 times the thickness of said sheet material, the total amount of flameproofing agent applied to said sheet material being from about 2 to about 30 percent, by weight, based on the weight of said sheet material.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9779314

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (10)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1972
  • 1972-01-21 GB GB455271A patent/GB1339649A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-01-26 IE IE101/72A patent/IE36033B1/xx unknown
  • 1972-02-07 US US00224346A patent/US3767452A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1972-02-08 CH CH181772A patent/CH548478A/xx unknown
  • 1972-02-08 CH CH1457673A patent/CH545332A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1972-02-08 CH CH181772D patent/CH181772A4/xx unknown
  • 1972-02-11 DE DE2206553A patent/DE2206553C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1972-02-11 FR FR7204712A patent/FR2125410B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1972-02-11 IT IT67435/72A patent/IT949075B/it active
  • 1972-02-11 NL NL7201851A patent/NL7201851A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (8)

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