US3041707A - Pile fabrics and process for treating same - Google Patents
Pile fabrics and process for treating same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3041707A US3041707A US77357058A US3041707A US 3041707 A US3041707 A US 3041707A US 77357058 A US77357058 A US 77357058A US 3041707 A US3041707 A US 3041707A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- flame
- pile
- fibers
- inch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 30
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 10
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- -1 modified starch Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC1=O YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWFBRHSTNWMMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylic acid;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1NC(C(=O)O)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 LWFBRHSTNWMMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dimethylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KQLYFVFFPVJGRM-NBTZWHCOSA-N azanium;(9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O KQLYFVFFPVJGRM-NBTZWHCOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008054 sulfonate salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009732 tufting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000006839 xylylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
- D05C17/02—Tufted products
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
- D06M11/56—Sulfates or thiosulfates other than of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
- D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
- D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
- D06M11/71—Salts of phosphoric acids
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
- D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
- D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
- D06M13/432—Urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, e.g. biurets; Urea-inclusion compounds; Dicyanamides; Carbodiimides; Guanidines, e.g. dicyandiamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
- D06M15/248—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0068—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the primary backing or the fibrous top layer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
- D06N7/0073—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing the back coating or pre-coat being applied as an aqueous dispersion or latex
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- D06N2201/0245—Acrylic resin fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06N2201/042—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/041—Polyacrylic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/045—Vinyl (co)polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
- D06N2205/04—Foam
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
- D06N2209/067—Flame resistant, fire resistant
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2213/00—Others characteristics
- D06N2213/06—Characteristics of the backing in carpets, rugs, synthetic lawn
- D06N2213/063—Porous back coating or pre-coat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
- Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23986—With coating, impregnation, or bond
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23993—Composition of pile or adhesive
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for imparting tflameretardant properties to pile fabrics prepared from flammable fibers. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of imparting flame-retardant properties to a pile fabric prepared from cellulosic and acrylic fibers without impairing the surface properties of the fabric.
- Cellulosic and acrylic fibers have many properties which make them desirable for use in the preparation or tufted fabrics such as carpeting and lighter weight, fleeceand velvet-type fabrics.
- tufted fabrics such as carpeting and lighter weight, fleeceand velvet-type fabrics.
- the objects of this invention are achieved by a process which comprises applying a flame-retardant-containing composition to the backing of a pile fabric. Penetration through the backing is controlled so that the composition enters the base of the pile surface-and coats the fibers for a distance of at least one-sixteenth inch.
- pile fabrics treated according to this process Will not support combustion even when the surface of the uncoated flammable fiber ends are subjected to a direct fiame.
- the fibers do not mat and stick together as might be expected but present asoft, aesthetically desirable surface without danger of flammability.
- FIGURE is a transverse cross-sectional view of a pile fabric within the scope of the present invention.
- the fabric illustrated in the drawing is a tufted fabric with a loop pile surface and is comprised of a woven backing and a plurality of loops 12 of pile yarn.
- the backing and a'portion of the loops adjacent to the backing ar coated with a flame-retardant material 14.
- the flame-retardant-containing composition is applied to the porous backing of.
- the pile fabric by brushing or by passing the fabric over a roller or series of rollers which'dip into a coating pan.
- the level of application may be controlled by positioning a meter blade adjacent to the roller to control the amount of pick-up.
- the amount of penetration may be controlled by varying the viscosity of the coating material and by regulating the pressure on the fabric as it passes over the roller.
- the emulsion may be aparent pile fabrics flame-retardant withplied by reversing the position of the fabric, i.e., with the pile surface facing downward, and applying the emulsion directly to the.backing.
- a meter blade may be used to distribute the emulsion.
- the fabric may then be dried in a float-type, impinged air drying oven or by other suitable means. Drying conditions must, of course, be controlled to prevent damage to the fabric and the flame-retardant coating.
- flame-retardan is used herein to mean burning very slowly in a confined area when exposed in air to a direct flame or burning not at all.
- the process of this invention is particularly desirable in treating floor coverings, especially tufted carpeting.
- a film-forming emulsion is customarily applied to the backing.
- the flame-retardant material may be advantageously incorporated in the emulsion and applied to the backing with the emulsion.
- the penetration of the flame-retardant composition should not extend to the tips of the fibers in the pile surface. a It has been found that the fibers in most fabrics may be coated to within about onefourth inch of their tips without impairing the hand or feel.
- the emulsion or carrier for the flame-retardant material should be selected from a material which will readily penetrate the porous backing and when coated onto the fibers gives a continuous pliable film. It is not necessary that all of the fibers be coated; however, for best results, a major portion of the fibers in the tufts should be coated. Both natural and synthetic film-forming carriers may be used.
- flame-retardant materials may be used.
- any material may be selected which can be incorporated in a liquid solution, dispersion or emulsion which will penetrate the backing of the fabric and render cellulosic and acrylic fibers flame-retardant without loss of pliability.
- phosphorus-containing materials are particularly desirable with those materials which are intumescent or include an intumescent agent being preferred. The expansion of the intumescent agent tends to extinguish a flarne in a fabric of greater pile depth.
- an intumescent coating composition comprising a 40% to 60% aqueous dispersion of a mixture consisting of to of non-film-forming intumescent solids and a sufiicient amount of an aqueous film-forming latex of a polymer consisting of polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, or copolymers of styrene and butadiene to provide from about l5%-to 30% of the polymer solids, based on the total weight of solids present, may be used.
- the non-film-forming intumescent solids may consist of a foam-forming substance, at non resinous carbon-yielding substance, and an organic nitrogen compound.
- the nOn-resinous carbon-yielding substance may be a carbohydrate such as modified starch, water-dispersible protein such as gelatin and casein, or a polyhydric compound such as hexitol, e.'g., mannitol, pentitols, monoor di-tetritols such as monoand dipentaerythn'tol.
- the organic nitrogen compound includes amino compounds such as dicyandiamide, urea, dimethyl urea, guanylurea phosphate, and glycine.
- producing agent may be mono-ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, ammonium sulfate, sulfamic acid, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium bromide, sodium tungstate, or sodium borate.
- the foam-- towards the tips of the fibers may also be used.
- Such materials include a carrier which may be selected from materials which form a pliable coat ing on the filaments, e.g., non-combustiblehalogen-subin the proportion of 2122111, respectively.
- the resulting mixture was diluted with 1.5 parts of water.
- the mixture was then brushed onto a 6-inch square of the fabric 7 described in the preceding paragraph.
- the carn'erfsolution may be mixed with an aqueous sol-utionof the water-soluble inorganic flameretardant component to form an emulsion which may be applied tothe fibers as previously described.
- such a flame-retarding composition is prepared by using a composition comprised of 7 to '30 parts of the carrier, 20 to 40 parts of the volatile organic solvent, and 30 to 73 parts of the aqueous solution of the inorganic flameretarding component.
- conventional emulsifying agents such as sulfonated castor oil, ammonium linoleate, and another alkali metal soap or a sodium alkyl sulfonate with a water-soluble amine, e.g., triethylenetetramine, may be used.
- Suitable solvents include toluene, xylylene, and the like.
- compositions include compositions of the water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and anhydrous ammonia in combination with an alkyd resin having free hydroxyl radicals.
- a composition may be prepared consisting of from about 10 to about parts of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride in 90 to 85 parts of a suitable latex-like carrier such as polyvinylidene chloride copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, and the like.
- a suitable latex-like carrier such as polyvinylidene chloride copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, and the like.
- Other carriers such as
- the viscosity of the fire-retardant composition must, of course, be adjusted to give the proper degree of penetra' tion for the particular fabric being treated. As previously indicated, the penetration'must be sufficient to coat the major portion of the fibers in the pile for a distance of at least about one-sixteenth inch adjacent to the backing. However, the coating must not extend far enough to impair the hand or feel of the fabric.
- the amount of latex applied to vthebacking will also vary, depending on the particular fabric being prepared. In the case of carpets, from about 15 to 30 ounces per square yard (dry. weight) of the latex-like material will be applied. In the case of fleece-type fabrics used for apparel, from about 8 to 12 ounces will generally be applied.
- EXAMPLE I' A tufted fabric was made from an acrylicfiber using a to 3% inch lengths. A 2.37-cotton count singles yarn with 2.5 S twist was prepared from this staple and. converted to a three-play yarn with 3 Z twist. A ten ounce plain weave jute fabric was'used as the backing for the tufted fabric. The acrylic yarn was stitched into the back- :ing with seven stitches per inch along the rows and onequarter inch spacing between rows.
- the machine was operated to give a cut pile having'a height of fig inch.
- a 50% emulsion of a 15/85 polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride copolymer was added to 8 parts of a 50% emulsion of a 15/85 polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride copolymer, parts of amixture of paraformaldehyde, urea, ammonium phosphate, and boric acid, these ingredients being present described, the penetration of the liquid past the backing and into the tufts of the fabric was approximately 5 inch. There was essentially no emulsion present in the outermost inch of the tufts of the fabric. The latex was cured on the fabric by heating the latter at 70 C. for ninety minutes.
- a control fabric was prepared by treating a 6-inch square of the same untreated fabric as described above except a 50% emulsion of the polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride copolymer minus the other ingredients wasv used. This emulsionlikewise penetrated about inch into the tufts of the fabric. The two fabric samples were identical in appearance and surface hand.
- a hexamethylenctetramine pellet weighing 0.15 gram was placed in the center of each square of fabric and the fabric was placed in a draftfree location. The pelletwas ignited with a match. The pellet itself then burned for approximately one hundred seconds in each case. In the case of the carpet sample treated with the emulsion containing paraformaldehyde, urea, ammonium phosphate and boric acid, the flame was contained within a small area of about 'inch in diameter adjacent to the pellet and did not continue after the hexamethylenetetramine pellet was consumed.
- EXAMPLE m EXAMPLE IV a A 1.92 cotton count cotton yarn was made into a 3-ply yarn and used to prepare a pile fabric as described in Example IH; Whenthis fabric was treated with the flameretardant composition of Example I, and cured and tested for flammability'as described in Example III, there was nov burning of the fabric after the consumption of the The flame-retardant'emulsion of Example I i V was brushed onto the hexamethylenetetramine pellet. The burning was limited to a very small area adjacent to the pellet.
- the pile surface of the fabric of each of-the treated fabrics has the same hand and appearance as the untreated fabric prepared from the same fiber. There was no evidence of stiffening by the application of the flame-retardant composition.
- Each of the treated fabrics was subjected to the test of a burning hexamethylenetetramine pellet. In no case did the fabric continue to burn beyond the area adjacent to the pellet or after the pellet was consumed.
- a sliver-knit pile fabric was prepared using a 3-denier per filament yarn from a 60/40 vinyl chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer as the backing fabric and a 3-denier per filament fiber prepared from a terpolymer of 93.7/ 6.0/ 0.3
- the face of the fabric was as soft and luxurious after the treatment as before.
- a hexamethylenetetramine pellet was burned in the center of a 4-inch square of this fabric, there was no burning of the fabric beyond the area adjacent to the pellet and no burning after the pellet had been consumed.
- a pellet was burned in the center of a 4-inch square of a piece of the same fabric which had been treated as described above with the resin minus the polyphosphorylimide, the entire face of the fabric was consumed.
- EXAMPLE VII To the backs of the samples of tufted fabric from acrylic fiber and tufted fabric from cotton prepared as in Examples I and IV above, respectively, was applied an emulsion consisting of 20 parts of tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride dispersed in 100 parts of a latex containing 50% of a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer. The fabric was cured at 70 C. for ninety minutes. A hexamethylenetetnamine pellet weighing 0.15 gram was placed in the center of a 4 inch square of each of these fabrics and was ignited. After the pellets had burned, there was no additional burning of either sample. The burned area was confined to a small area, about inch in diameter, adjacent to the pellet in each instance.
- EXAMPLE VIII with the flame retardant composition described in that example The composition which had a viscosity of about 2000 centipoises was, placed in a supply trough of a standard carpet backing machine manufactured by the British Tufting Machine Company, Ltd. The fabric was moved at a speed of about 9 feet per minute in contact with of the surface of the applicator roll. The applicator roll which dipped into the supply trough was rotated to give a surface speed of about 50 feet per minute. An average of about 12 ounces per square yard of the flame-retardant composition was applied under these conditions. Average penetration into the pile was about 2 inch. when tested for flammability, using a hexamethylenetetramine pellet weighing 0.15 gram, the flamev processes.
- the type of material used in the backing is not critical so long as it is of porous construction. It may be felted, knitted, or woven. Both natural and synthetic, as Well as flammable and non-flammable materials may be used.
- Thepile surface or tufts of the fabrics may likewise be prepared from both natural and synthetic fibers.
- the acrylic fibers which may be used are those of acrylonitrile and copolymers of acrylonitrile containing at least acrylonitrile and from 2% to 15% of one or more vinyl monomers which are copolymerizable with acrylonitrile, such as those mentioned in U.S. Patent 2,436,926 and U.S. Patent 2,743,994. These copolymers may contain from about 0.1% to about 10% of a copolymerizable monomer having sulfonic or sulfonate salt groups.
- the flame-retardant material may be included in a latex-like emulsion, such as that normally applied to tufted carpeting, in some instances it may be preferable to apply the flameretardant material alone to the backing and then either before or after drying to treat the fabric with a dispersion containing the latex-like material. In other instances,
- a new. article of manufacture comprising a pile fabric having a porous backing and a tufted surface, said surface being comprised of a major portion of flammable fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulosic and acrylicffibers,.rendered flame-retardant by the presence of a coating of an intumescent flame-retardant material confined substantially to said backing and the portion of said tufted surface adjacent said backing, said coating being present on at least one-sixteenth inch of said fibers adjacent to said backing.
- a pile fabric having a porousibacking and a tufted surface prepared from fibers of a polymer comprised of at least 85% acrylonitrile rendered flame-retardant by the presence of a coating of a flame-retardant composition confined substantially to said backing and the portion of said tufted surface adjacent said'backing, said coating being present on at least one-sixteenth inch of said tufted surface adjacent to said backing, said flame-retardant composition being comprised of a film-forming polymeric binder and an intumescent material capable of producing a fire-resistant carbonaceous foam.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
July 3, 1962 J. M. PERRI FILE FABRICS AND PROCESS FOR TREATING sAME:
Filed Nov. 13, 1958 INVENTOR JOSEPH M. PERRI ATTORNEY llnited States This invention relates to a method for imparting tflameretardant properties to pile fabrics prepared from flammable fibers. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of imparting flame-retardant properties to a pile fabric prepared from cellulosic and acrylic fibers without impairing the surface properties of the fabric.
Cellulosic and acrylic fibers have many properties which make them desirable for use in the preparation or tufted fabrics such as carpeting and lighter weight, fleeceand velvet-type fabrics. However, due to the high flammability of these fibers, particularly in pile fabric construction, their usefulness is seriously impaired. This is especially true in a deep pile construction in which the pile surface readily supports combustion.
Attempts to render pile fabrics containing cellulosic I and acrylic fibers less flammable have met with little success. Although treatment with known flame-retardant materials reduces flammability, the resulting fabric is generally inferior in hand, with the softness and compliance of the Original fibers being lost. In addition, such treatment involves additional processing steps, adding to the expense of preparing the fabric;
It is, therefore, an object of this inventtion to provide a process for rendering out impairing their aesthetic properties. It is a further object of this invention to provide a process which eliminates the necessity for applying the flame-retardant composition as a separate step in the process of preparing pile fabrics. Another object of this invention is to provide pile fabrics having flame-retardant properties which are prepared from combustible fibers.
The objects of this invention are achieved by a process which comprises applying a flame-retardant-containing composition to the backing of a pile fabric. Penetration through the backing is controlled so that the composition enters the base of the pile surface-and coats the fibers for a distance of at least one-sixteenth inch. Surprisingly, pile fabrics treated according to this process Will not support combustion even when the surface of the uncoated flammable fiber ends are subjected to a direct fiame. Furthermore, the fibers do not mat and stick together as might be expected but present asoft, aesthetically desirable surface without danger of flammability.
The present invention will be more fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawing in which the FIGURE is a transverse cross-sectional view of a pile fabric within the scope of the present invention. The fabric illustrated in the drawing is a tufted fabric with a loop pile surface and is comprised of a woven backing and a plurality of loops 12 of pile yarn. The backing and a'portion of the loops adjacent to the backing ar coated with a flame-retardant material 14.
In practicing this invention, the flame-retardant-containing composition is applied to the porous backing of.
the pile fabric by brushing or by passing the fabric over a roller or series of rollers which'dip into a coating pan. The level of application may be controlled by positioning a meter blade adjacent to the roller to control the amount of pick-up. The amount of penetration may be controlled by varying the viscosity of the coating material and by regulating the pressure on the fabric as it passes over the roller. Alternatively, the emulsion may be aparent pile fabrics flame-retardant withplied by reversing the position of the fabric, i.e., with the pile surface facing downward, and applying the emulsion directly to the.backing. A meter blade may be used to distribute the emulsion. The fabric may then be dried in a float-type, impinged air drying oven or by other suitable means. Drying conditions must, of course, be controlled to prevent damage to the fabric and the flame-retardant coating.
The term flame-retardan is used herein to mean burning very slowly in a confined area when exposed in air to a direct flame or burning not at all.
The process of this invention is particularly desirable in treating floor coverings, especially tufted carpeting.-
In preparing this type of floor covering, a film-forming emulsion is customarily applied to the backing. The flame-retardant material may be advantageously incorporated in the emulsion and applied to the backing with the emulsion.
In order to prevent the impairment of hand or other aesthetics of the fabric, the penetration of the flame-retardant composition should not extend to the tips of the fibers in the pile surface. a It has been found that the fibers in most fabrics may be coated to within about onefourth inch of their tips without impairing the hand or feel.
In addition to leaving the tips of the fibers uncoated, the emulsion or carrier for the flame-retardant material should be selected from a material which will readily penetrate the porous backing and when coated onto the fibers gives a continuous pliable film. It is not necessary that all of the fibers be coated; however, for best results, a major portion of the fibers in the tufts should be coated. Both natural and synthetic film-forming carriers may be used.
A Wide variety of flame-retardant materials may be used. In general, any material may be selected which can be incorporated in a liquid solution, dispersion or emulsion which will penetrate the backing of the fabric and render cellulosic and acrylic fibers flame-retardant without loss of pliability. It has been found that phosphorus-containing materials are particularly desirable with those materials which are intumescent or include an intumescent agent being preferred. The expansion of the intumescent agent tends to extinguish a flarne in a fabric of greater pile depth.
As previously indicated, the type of flame-retardant material used is not critical. For example, an intumescent coating composition comprising a 40% to 60% aqueous dispersion of a mixture consisting of to of non-film-forming intumescent solids and a sufiicient amount of an aqueous film-forming latex of a polymer consisting of polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, or copolymers of styrene and butadiene to provide from about l5%-to 30% of the polymer solids, based on the total weight of solids present, may be used. The non-film-forming intumescent solids may consist of a foam-forming substance, at non resinous carbon-yielding substance, and an organic nitrogen compound. The nOn-resinous carbon-yielding substance may be a carbohydrate such as modified starch, water-dispersible protein such as gelatin and casein, or a polyhydric compound such as hexitol, e.'g., mannitol, pentitols, monoor di-tetritols such as monoand dipentaerythn'tol. The organic nitrogen compound includes amino compounds such as dicyandiamide, urea, dimethyl urea, guanylurea phosphate, and glycine. producing agent may be mono-ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, ammonium sulfate, sulfamic acid, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium bromide, sodium tungstate, or sodium borate.
Patented July 3, 1962' The foam-- towards the tips of the fibers may also be used. Such materials include a carrier which may be selected from materials which form a pliable coat ing on the filaments, e.g., non-combustiblehalogen-subin the proportion of 2122111, respectively. The resulting mixture was diluted with 1.5 parts of water. The mixture was then brushed onto a 6-inch square of the fabric 7 described in the preceding paragraph. With the dilution stituted hydrocarbons which may be dispersed in a volatile organic solvent. The carn'erfsolution may be mixed with an aqueous sol-utionof the water-soluble inorganic flameretardant component to form an emulsion which may be applied tothe fibers as previously described. Generally, such a flame-retarding composition is prepared by using a composition comprised of 7 to '30 parts of the carrier, 20 to 40 parts of the volatile organic solvent, and 30 to 73 parts of the aqueous solution of the inorganic flameretarding component. To promote emulsification of the organic and aqueous phases, conventional emulsifying agents such as sulfonated castor oil, ammonium linoleate, and another alkali metal soap or a sodium alkyl sulfonate with a water-soluble amine, e.g., triethylenetetramine, may be used. Suitable solvents include toluene, xylylene, and the like. i
Other flame-retarding compositions include compositions of the water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and anhydrous ammonia in combination with an alkyd resin having free hydroxyl radicals. In addition to the aforementioned intumescent fire retardants, a composition may be prepared consisting of from about 10 to about parts of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride in 90 to 85 parts of a suitable latex-like carrier such as polyvinylidene chloride copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, and the like. Other carriers such as natural and synthetic rubbers may be used.
The viscosity of the fire-retardant composition must, of course, be adjusted to give the proper degree of penetra' tion for the particular fabric being treated. As previously indicated, the penetration'must be sufficient to coat the major portion of the fibers in the pile for a distance of at least about one-sixteenth inch adjacent to the backing. However, the coating must not extend far enough to impair the hand or feel of the fabric.
The amount of latex applied to vthebacking will also vary, depending on the particular fabric being prepared. In the case of carpets, from about 15 to 30 ounces per square yard (dry. weight) of the latex-like material will be applied. In the case of fleece-type fabrics used for apparel, from about 8 to 12 ounces will generally be applied.
The invention will be further illustrated but is not in- .tended'to be limited. by the following examples in which parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specifi'ed.
EXAMPLE I' A tufted fabric was made from an acrylicfiber using a to 3% inch lengths. A 2.37-cotton count singles yarn with 2.5 S twist was prepared from this staple and. converted to a three-play yarn with 3 Z twist. A ten ounce plain weave jute fabric was'used as the backing for the tufted fabric. The acrylic yarn was stitched into the back- :ing with seven stitches per inch along the rows and onequarter inch spacing between rows.
The machine was operated to give a cut pile having'a height of fig inch. To 8 parts of a 50% emulsion of a 15/85 polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride copolymer was added parts of amixture of paraformaldehyde, urea, ammonium phosphate, and boric acid, these ingredients being present described, the penetration of the liquid past the backing and into the tufts of the fabric was approximately 5 inch. There was essentially no emulsion present in the outermost inch of the tufts of the fabric. The latex was cured on the fabric by heating the latter at 70 C. for ninety minutes.
A control fabric was prepared by treating a 6-inch square of the same untreated fabric as described above except a 50% emulsion of the polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride copolymer minus the other ingredients wasv used. This emulsionlikewise penetrated about inch into the tufts of the fabric. The two fabric samples were identical in appearance and surface hand.
' To test for flammability, a hexamethylenctetramine pellet weighing 0.15 gram was placed in the center of each square of fabric and the fabric was placed in a draftfree location. The pelletwas ignited with a match. The pellet itself then burned for approximately one hundred seconds in each case. In the case of the carpet sample treated with the emulsion containing paraformaldehyde, urea, ammonium phosphate and boric acid, the flame was contained within a small area of about 'inch in diameter adjacent to the pellet and did not continue after the hexamethylenetetramine pellet was consumed. The sample treated with the emulsion which did not contain these ingredients continued to burn until the entire fabric sample I, I were treated to give penetration of fibers in the pile as shown in the following'table. Each sample was tested for flame retardance and fabric'hand. Compression work, defined as the area under a curve of load versus linear compression under loadings up to ten pounds per square inch (measured on an Instron TensileTesting machine), was used as anobjective measure of hand with the higher work values indicating fabrics which had favorable resilience characteristics.
, Table Depth of 5 Compression Flame Penetration, Work in Retardant Inch Pounds per Properties Inch 0 0. 83 None 1 15 0.82 Good is 0. 78 Good its 7 0.60 Good As noted in the table, penetration of li inch was sufiicient to impart flame retardance-to the fabric.
EXAMPLE m EXAMPLE IV a A 1.92 cotton count cotton yarn was made into a 3-ply yarn and used to prepare a pile fabric as described in Example IH; Whenthis fabric was treated with the flameretardant composition of Example I, and cured and tested for flammability'as described in Example III, there was nov burning of the fabric after the consumption of the The flame-retardant'emulsion of Example I i V was brushed onto the hexamethylenetetramine pellet. The burning was limited to a very small area adjacent to the pellet.
EXAMPLE V To samples of pile fabrics of the acrylic fiber of Example I, rayon and cotton prepared as in Examples III and IV, were applied the following compositions:
, Parts Parlon 1 (chlorinated rubber) 15 Tricresyl phosphate 3.75 Toluene 31.25 Water 32 Mixture of ammonium phosphate and ammonium In each case the liquid flame-proofing composition was applied with a fabric-covered paint roller. Penetration of the composition into the tufts of the fabric was about 5 inch. Samples treated with composition A were dried at 70 C. for three hours. Samples coated with composition B were dried at 70 C. for one hour followed by a five-minute period at 150 C.
The pile surface of the fabric of each of-the treated fabrics has the same hand and appearance as the untreated fabric prepared from the same fiber. There was no evidence of stiffening by the application of the flame-retardant composition. Each of the treated fabrics was subjected to the test of a burning hexamethylenetetramine pellet. In no case did the fabric continue to burn beyond the area adjacent to the pellet or after the pellet was consumed.
EXAMPLE VI A sliver-knit pile fabric was prepared using a 3-denier per filament yarn from a 60/40 vinyl chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer as the backing fabric and a 3-denier per filament fiber prepared from a terpolymer of 93.7/ 6.0/ 0.3
acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate/ sodium styrenesulfonate as the sliver. The fabrics were sheared to give a pile height of inch. After this shearing, the fabric weight was 13 ounces per square yard. An alkyd resin obtained by reacting phthalic anhydride and glycerol, manufactured by General Electric Company, and sold under the trade name Glyptal, was mixed with by weight, based on the weight of the resin, of polyphosphorylamide prepared as described in U.S. Patent 2,680,077. The product which was obtained as a granular mixture was dispersed in acetone. This dispersion was applied with a brush to the back of the sliver knit fabric.
Although a slight over-all stiffening of the fabric resulted, the face of the fabric was as soft and luxurious after the treatment as before. When a hexamethylenetetramine pellet was burned in the center of a 4-inch square of this fabric, there was no burning of the fabric beyond the area adjacent to the pellet and no burning after the pellet had been consumed. When a pellet was burned in the center of a 4-inch square of a piece of the same fabric which had been treated as described above with the resin minus the polyphosphorylimide, the entire face of the fabric was consumed.
EXAMPLE VII To the backs of the samples of tufted fabric from acrylic fiber and tufted fabric from cotton prepared as in Examples I and IV above, respectively, was applied an emulsion consisting of 20 parts of tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride dispersed in 100 parts of a latex containing 50% of a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer. The fabric was cured at 70 C. for ninety minutes. A hexamethylenetetnamine pellet weighing 0.15 gram was placed in the center of a 4 inch square of each of these fabrics and was ignited. After the pellets had burned, there was no additional burning of either sample. The burned area was confined to a small area, about inch in diameter, adjacent to the pellet in each instance.
EXAMPLE VIII with the flame retardant composition described in that example. The composition which had a viscosity of about 2000 centipoises was, placed in a supply trough of a standard carpet backing machine manufactured by the British Tufting Machine Company, Ltd. The fabric was moved at a speed of about 9 feet per minute in contact with of the surface of the applicator roll. The applicator roll which dipped into the supply trough was rotated to give a surface speed of about 50 feet per minute. An average of about 12 ounces per square yard of the flame-retardant composition was applied under these conditions. Average penetration into the pile was about 2 inch. when tested for flammability, using a hexamethylenetetramine pellet weighing 0.15 gram, the flamev processes.
The type of material used in the backing is not critical so long as it is of porous construction. It may be felted, knitted, or woven. Both natural and synthetic, as Well as flammable and non-flammable materials may be used.
Thepile surface or tufts of the fabrics may likewise be prepared from both natural and synthetic fibers. Pile fabrics prepared from cellulose, regenerated cellulose, and cellulose ester fibers, e.g., cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, and acrylic fibers which are known to propagate a flame, and in the pile fabric construction are readily consumed by flame if ignited, are advantageously rendered flame-retardant by the process of this invention. Among the acrylic fibers which may be used are those of acrylonitrile and copolymers of acrylonitrile containing at least acrylonitrile and from 2% to 15% of one or more vinyl monomers which are copolymerizable with acrylonitrile, such as those mentioned in U.S. Patent 2,436,926 and U.S. Patent 2,743,994. These copolymers may contain from about 0.1% to about 10% of a copolymerizable monomer having sulfonic or sulfonate salt groups.
Although in many instances it will be desirable to incorporate the flame-retardant material into a latex-like emulsion, such as that normally applied to tufted carpeting, in some instances it may be preferable to apply the flameretardant material alone to the backing and then either before or after drying to treat the fabric with a dispersion containing the latex-like material. In other instances,
where the latex-like material is not desired, a dispersion or involved process. I
It will be apparent that many widely different embodi- 'ments of thisinvention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore it is not intended to be limited except as indicated in the appended claims.
I claim: 1
1. A new. article of manufacture comprising a pile fabric having a porous backing and a tufted surface, said surface being comprised of a major portion of flammable fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulosic and acrylicffibers,.rendered flame-retardant by the presence ofa coating of an intumescent flame-retardant material confined substantially to said backing and the portion of said tufted surface adjacent said backing, said coating being present on at least one-sixteenth inch of said fibers adjacent to said backing.
2. The article'of claim 1 in which said acrylic fibers are prepared from a polymer comprised of at least 85% acrylonitrile. a
, 3.1116 article of claim 1 in which the tips of said fibers are free from said coating for a distance of at least one-fourth inch.
4. A pile fabric having a porousibacking and a tufted surface prepared from fibers of a polymer comprised of at least 85% acrylonitrile rendered flame-retardant by the presence of a coating of a flame-retardant composition confined substantially to said backing and the portion of said tufted surface adjacent said'backing, said coating being present on at least one-sixteenth inch of said tufted surface adjacent to said backing, said flame-retardant composition being comprised of a film-forming polymeric binder and an intumescent material capable of producing a fire-resistant carbonaceous foam. 1
References ,Citedin the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,929,368 'Snell et al. oer. 3, 1933 2,070,251 Bird Feb. 9, 1937 2,070,335 Hiers Feb. 9, 1937 2,648,641 Robison Aug. 11, 1953 2,682,097 Wade June 29, 1954 1 2,810,948 Cogovan et a1. Y Oct. 29, 1957 2,810,950 Rice; Oct. 29, 1957 Dunn et a]. Feb. 24,1959
Claims (1)
1. A NEW ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE COMPRISING A PILE FABRIC HAVING A POROUS BACKING AND A TUFTED SURFACE, SAID SURFACE BEING COMPRISED OF A MAJOR PORTION OF FLAMMABLE FIBERS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CELLULOSIC AND
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US77357058 US3041707A (en) | 1958-11-13 | 1958-11-13 | Pile fabrics and process for treating same |
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US77357058 US3041707A (en) | 1958-11-13 | 1958-11-13 | Pile fabrics and process for treating same |
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US3041707A true US3041707A (en) | 1962-07-03 |
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US77357058 Expired - Lifetime US3041707A (en) | 1958-11-13 | 1958-11-13 | Pile fabrics and process for treating same |
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US3278363A (en) * | 1962-12-17 | 1966-10-11 | Couquet Pierre | Apparatus for continuously manufacturing pile articles |
US3282721A (en) * | 1964-04-16 | 1966-11-01 | Iseki Tetuya | Leather-like cloth and its preparation |
US3309259A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1967-03-14 | Patchogue Plymouth Company | Double backed carpet |
US3663345A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1972-05-16 | Nat Acceptance Co Of Californi | Fire retardant carpet |
US3723172A (en) * | 1969-09-20 | 1973-03-27 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Chemical and thermal stabilities and fire resistance of synthetic resinous bodies |
US4109039A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1978-08-22 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Carpet backing with rubber latex-solid polyvinyl chloride resin composition |
US20030087572A1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-08 | Balthes Garry E | Process, composition and coating of laminate material |
WO2003044266A2 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-30 | Interface, Inc. | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
US20040033464A1 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-19 | Pesu Bradley D. | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
EP1080136A4 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 2005-02-16 | Akro Fireguard Prod Inc | Low smoke, low toxicity carpet |
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US3278363A (en) * | 1962-12-17 | 1966-10-11 | Couquet Pierre | Apparatus for continuously manufacturing pile articles |
US3309259A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1967-03-14 | Patchogue Plymouth Company | Double backed carpet |
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US3663345A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1972-05-16 | Nat Acceptance Co Of Californi | Fire retardant carpet |
US4109039A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1978-08-22 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Carpet backing with rubber latex-solid polyvinyl chloride resin composition |
EP1080136A4 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 2005-02-16 | Akro Fireguard Prod Inc | Low smoke, low toxicity carpet |
US20030087572A1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-08 | Balthes Garry E | Process, composition and coating of laminate material |
US20030129902A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-07-10 | Hensler Connie D. | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
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US7011724B2 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2006-03-14 | Interface, Inc. | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
US20060121238A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2006-06-08 | Hensler Connie D | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
US7455898B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2008-11-25 | Interface, Inc. | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
US20090075017A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2009-03-19 | Interface, Inc. | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
US7736716B2 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2010-06-15 | Interface, Inc. | Textile products having flame retardant properties and methods of manufacture |
US20040033464A1 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-19 | Pesu Bradley D. | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
US6923639B2 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2005-08-02 | Bath & Body Works, Inc. | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
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