US3763737A - Cylindrical flute - Google Patents

Cylindrical flute Download PDF

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Publication number
US3763737A
US3763737A US00246574A US3763737DA US3763737A US 3763737 A US3763737 A US 3763737A US 00246574 A US00246574 A US 00246574A US 3763737D A US3763737D A US 3763737DA US 3763737 A US3763737 A US 3763737A
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United States
Prior art keywords
flute
plug
bore
case
cylindrical
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00246574A
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English (en)
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E Sandner
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/02—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge
    • G10D7/026—General design of wind musical instruments of the type wherein an air current is directed against a ramp edge with air currents blown into an opening arranged on the cylindrical surface of the tube, e.g. transverse flutes, piccolos or fifes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The specification describes a flute with a cylindrical bore whose blowing end is closed by a transverse wall at or behind the embouchure (the labial in the case of a recorder-type flute or the blowing hole in the case of a transversely blown flute).
  • the flute is provided with means for correcting the sound of the flute so as to obtain the pure tonality which would otherwise not be obtained owing to the cylindrical bore of the flute.
  • the present invention relates to cross blown and end blown flutes with a cylindrical bore and more particularly to such flutes whose blowing end is provided with a transverse wall at or behind the blowing opening (the labial in the case of recorder-type or end blown flutes and the blowing hole in the case of cross blown flutes) means being provided for correcting tuning of the instrument to obtain the pure tonality which would otherwise not be obtained owing to the cylindrical bore.
  • flutes have mainly been made with a completely or partially conical bore or measure.
  • the bore runs along the whole length of the flute and tapers towards the free end
  • the bore is cylindrical for the first quarter of the flute length and for the remaining three quarters of the length of the flute the bore is conical and at the free end it tapers.
  • Many attempts have been made to replace a conical form of bore, which is difficult to make by a cylindrical bore which can be produced readily. These attempts were made more especially in the case of flutes made of metal tubes.
  • German Pat. Specification No. 1,1 1 1,914 proposes a recorder-type flute with a cylindrically bored body tube and a pipe tube connected with it, a cylindrical widening of the cross-section being provided below the vicinity of the embouchure, this being achieved by the pipe tube being held at a distance from the body tube by an inserted sleeve.
  • This widened cross-section extends over a length of approximately 12
  • the German Gebrauchsmuster No. 1,994,229 proposes the recovery of the pure instrument tuning, which would otherwise be lost owing to the completely cylindrical bore, by adopting the feature that the bore has a portion which is narrower and is cylindrical adjacent to the embouchure. This narrowed portion can be obtained more especially by reducing the diameter of the tube.
  • the plug can be used to overcome a problem which had not previously been dealt with in an extremely simple manner:
  • the precise pitch of the octave notes of a cross blown flute depends upon the lip thickness of the player. If he or she has thick lips, the note is pressed, that is to say sharp and vice versa.
  • the plug in accordance with the invention provides a remedy in the simplest manner using a corresponding setting of the plug.
  • the correcting device in accordance with the invention in the form of a plug is suitable for all forms of flute with means to harmonize with other instruments, whether they are com-pletely or partly conical or cylindrical.
  • the plug Owing to the simplified production of flutes in accordance with the invention it is preferred for the plug to be tubular and more particularly to have a circular cross-section. It has also been found possible to use a plug which for at least part of its length is conical. in this case the cone can taper towards the free plug end and may run to a point. it is also possible to provide spherical thickened portions on the free end of the plug. As regards the particular form of the plug there is substantial latitude. The plug, however, does certainly not need to be parallel to or coaxial with the axis of the bore of the flute, even although the latter form is preferred owing to reasons of simplicity in production.
  • an average plug diameter of 30 to 70 percent, preferably 40 to 50 percent of the bore diameter while the plug length in the normal position amounts to 3 to 16 percent, preferably 7 to l 1 percent of the bore length, the larger plug diameters corresponding to the shorter plug lengths and vice versa.
  • the term normal position means in this respect the plug length in the case of a flute produced with the manufacturing tolerance of zero with respect to an average lip thickness of the player.
  • the adjustability of the plug is generally between +1 /6 and l/l7 of the flute length.
  • the transverse wall defined by the stopper is generally spaced from the upper edge of the embouchure by a distance equal to 20 and 70 percent of the bore diameter. If the plug used has a thickness below the above-mentioned limit, the mechanical stability of the plug is insufficient and the possibility of adjustment is too small. Plugs which are thicker than the above-mentioned range cause the tone to become blunt.
  • FIGS. 1a and lb show in longitudinal section the embouchure end of a transversely blown flute in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are views corresponding to FIG. 1 of a modified embodiment.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are sectional views through the embouchure end of a recorder or recorder-type flute in accordance with the invention.
  • the cross blown flute shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b has a cylindrical bore defined by the flute tube 10.
  • the flute tube 10 is provided with the required note holes which are not shown.
  • the embouchure 12 is in the form of a cross blowing hole and has a rest 14.
  • the left end of the tube 10 as shown in FIG. 1 has a stopper 16 which can be moved in the length direction and is provided with a hole 18 for receiving a cylindrical plug 20.
  • the plug projects beyond the transverse wall 22, formed by the stopper, adjacent to the embouchure 12. At its free end it is provided with a conical part 24 running to a point.
  • Reference numeral 26 denotes a calibration mark for the projecting length of the plug 20, which when the stopper 16 is completely inserted gives true tuning for average lip thickness.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Bore diameter 12 mm Distance between transverse wall 22 and start of upper edge of embouchure: 20 to percent of bore diameter.
  • Overall plug length I, 1, I, 30.4 mm Length of cylindrical plug part l 18.4 mm Diameter of cylindrical plug part 5 mm Length of conical plug part l, 12 mm.
  • FIG. 1b also shows the case in which the stopper 16 is drawn out a distance y for adapting the flute tuning to other instruments.
  • the plug 20 For obtaining a pure or true tuning of the octave notes, which would otherwise be lost, the plug 20 must be displaced by a distance 1:.
  • the displacement at 8 mm, the plug For a stopper displacement in the outward direction of y 2.5 mm in the case of a cross blown flute in accordance with example 1 the displacement at 8 mm, the plug being further pushed in by this amount, while on drawing out the stopper by an y distance of 5 mm 1 lies at 24 mm (the latter case is shown generally in FIG. lb.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b therefore indicate the case in which the plug 20 is simply inserted in a reversed direction.
  • the calibration mark 28 applies, which thus has the same meaning as the above-mentioned calibration mark 26.
  • a truly cylindrical form of plug two examples are given also.
  • Plug length I Plug diameter 19 mm 6 mm
  • Plug length I Plug diameter 26 mm 6 mm Remaining dimensions as in example 2.
  • FIG. 2b shows the case in which the plug 20 has been inserted somewhat in order to take into account the lip shape of the player concerned.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show the plug in accordance with the invention in conjunction with a completely cylindrical recorder or recorder-type flute.
  • the plug is inserted into the transverse wall 122 formed by the core 116 of the flute mouth piece and extends in the vicinity of the labial 112.
  • the plug 120 is offset in relation to the flute axis and accommodated in a corresponding hole or bore 113.
  • the plug 120 can be pinned in position for example.
  • the plug 120 can then be pinned generally at 121, following which the rear part of the bore 118 is conveniently closed.
  • FIG. 3b shows a recorder in the case of which the plug is mounted in an adjustable manner in the core.
  • the bore 280 is bored out in its rear part to a larger diameter and provided with a thread and the plug 220 has its rear end continued in the form of a grub screw screwed into the threaded hole.
  • the plug setting can thus be varied after removing the stopper 230, closing the threaded hole, with a screwdriver.
  • an adjustable plug holding arrangement Numerous other modifications for an adjustable plug holding arrangement are possible.
  • a rack drive could be used in conjunction with a knurled wheel accessible from the outside.
  • movement for the tuning device could be accompanied by movement of the plug for adjustment using cam drives so that on changing the tuning device setting in order to bring about basic tuning to agree with other instruments the plug is also correspondingly adjusted so that true tuning in the overtones is always ensured.
  • a flute having a cylindrical bore, a stopper mounted in one end of the bore and having a transverse wall adjacent the embouchure, a plug carried by the stopper and extending from the transverse wall into the bore of the flute a distance of between 3 to 16 percent of the bore length and having a diameter of 30 to percent of the bore diameter.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Image Generation (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
US00246574A 1971-04-22 1972-04-24 Cylindrical flute Expired - Lifetime US3763737A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2119616A DE2119616C3 (de) 1971-04-22 1971-04-22 Zylindrische Flöte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3763737A true US3763737A (en) 1973-10-09

Family

ID=5805527

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00246574A Expired - Lifetime US3763737A (en) 1971-04-22 1972-04-24 Cylindrical flute

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3763737A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5535714B1 (enExample)
CH (1) CH544984A (enExample)
DD (1) DD96355A5 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2119616C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2141054A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1333530A (enExample)
IT (1) IT955164B (enExample)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058046A (en) * 1976-08-03 1977-11-15 Fajardo Raoul J Cylindrical head joint with acoustic wedging for concert flutes
US4499810A (en) * 1982-06-23 1985-02-19 Ferron Ernest J Obturator for flute designed to improve the emission of certain notes
EP0198541A1 (en) * 1985-04-18 1986-10-22 Norbert Visser Mouthpiece for wind instrument with single reed
US5291817A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-03-08 Mobile Music, Inc. Adjustable barrel tuning apparatus for use with a woodwind musical instrument
US20070277666A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2007-12-06 Cannonball Musical Instruments Woodwind instrument
US8653347B1 (en) 2012-08-10 2014-02-18 Gary Wayne Lewis Headjoint crown assembly with extension unit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8503692D0 (en) * 1985-02-13 1985-03-13 Senior I S T Musical instruments

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US444830A (en) * 1891-01-20 Signor of one-third to charles davis-carter
US583077A (en) * 1897-05-25 oliyeri
US2544033A (en) * 1949-12-30 1951-03-06 Robert W Lawrence Slide flute
US3487742A (en) * 1968-03-01 1970-01-06 Warren L Mills Inner tone for a musical instrument

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US444830A (en) * 1891-01-20 Signor of one-third to charles davis-carter
US583077A (en) * 1897-05-25 oliyeri
US2544033A (en) * 1949-12-30 1951-03-06 Robert W Lawrence Slide flute
US3487742A (en) * 1968-03-01 1970-01-06 Warren L Mills Inner tone for a musical instrument

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058046A (en) * 1976-08-03 1977-11-15 Fajardo Raoul J Cylindrical head joint with acoustic wedging for concert flutes
US4499810A (en) * 1982-06-23 1985-02-19 Ferron Ernest J Obturator for flute designed to improve the emission of certain notes
EP0198541A1 (en) * 1985-04-18 1986-10-22 Norbert Visser Mouthpiece for wind instrument with single reed
US5291817A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-03-08 Mobile Music, Inc. Adjustable barrel tuning apparatus for use with a woodwind musical instrument
US20070277666A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2007-12-06 Cannonball Musical Instruments Woodwind instrument
US7563970B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2009-07-21 Cannonball Musical Instruments Woodwind instrument
US8653347B1 (en) 2012-08-10 2014-02-18 Gary Wayne Lewis Headjoint crown assembly with extension unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5535714B1 (enExample) 1980-09-16
DE2119616C3 (de) 1974-02-28
DE2119616A1 (de) 1972-11-02
GB1333530A (en) 1973-10-10
CH544984A (de) 1973-11-30
DD96355A5 (enExample) 1973-03-12
IT955164B (it) 1973-09-29
FR2141054A5 (enExample) 1973-01-19
DE2119616B2 (de) 1973-08-02

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