US3761409A - Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water - Google Patents

Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water Download PDF

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Publication number
US3761409A
US3761409A US00186893A US18689371A US3761409A US 3761409 A US3761409 A US 3761409A US 00186893 A US00186893 A US 00186893A US 18689371 A US18689371 A US 18689371A US 3761409 A US3761409 A US 3761409A
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United States
Prior art keywords
water
oxidation
air
sour water
sulfur compounds
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00186893A
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English (en)
Inventor
Coy D Mc
Eachern R Mc
R Dille
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Texaco Inc
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Texaco Inc
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Priority to US00186893A priority Critical patent/US3761409A/en
Priority to GB3165373A priority patent/GB1387510A/en
Priority to DE19732334994 priority patent/DE2334994A1/de
Priority to BE133501A priority patent/BE802361A/xx
Priority to NL7309978A priority patent/NL7309978A/xx
Priority to JP48080549A priority patent/JPS5050290A/ja
Priority to FR7326503A priority patent/FR2237845B1/fr
Priority to CA177,083A priority patent/CA1000422A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3761409A publication Critical patent/US3761409A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • C02F11/08—Wet air oxidation

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to air and water pollution abatement, and more particularly to a continuous, liquid phase, air oxidation process for converting sulfur compounds present in water to non-polluting, non-oxygen demanding sulfates.
  • water which contains hydrogen sulfide and other intermediate sulfur compounds such as thiosulfate, tetrathionate, polythionate and polysulfide originates from many sources.
  • a number of processes used in refining petroleum produce Water efiiuents which contain high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. These waters are typically called foul or sour water.
  • Typical operations producing sour water include such widely practised processes as crude distillation, hydrotreating, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, delayed coking and hydrocracking.
  • Ammonia also is usually present in sour water streams either because it has been added to neutralize the H 8 for corrosion control or as the result of hydrogenation of nitrogen during the refining process.
  • the H S and ammonia react to form ammonium sulfide and ammonium hydrosulfide, depending on the pH of the water and, if free sulfur is present, polysulfides. Normally the pH of the refinery sour water is approximately 9.0 and the sulfides are present as hydrosulfide ion HS-.
  • Sulfur is also present in waters used in the production of cellulose pulp for paper where sulfur compounds help to dissolve the lignin from wood fibers.
  • the sulfate or Kraft process one of the most widely processes for producing paper pulp, uses a White pulping liquor containing about 30 percent by weight of sulfide (present mainly as sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide). After the pulp has been digested with the sulfide liquor, the liquor (termed black liquor) is washed from the pulp and sent to a recovery process. Some sulfur compounds such as sulfide and sulfite are unavoidable missed by the recovery process and end up in effluent from the pulping plant.
  • H S H S
  • S0 sulfur recovery plant
  • H 8 and S0 gases can be scrubbed from the gas using sodium hydroxide or some other strongly basic scrubbing liquor. Recovery of by-product sulfur compounds from these small streams is usually not economical and some acceptable means of disposing of the scrubbing liquor is needed.
  • An oxidation process is currently used to convert sulfide into intermediate sulfur compounds, mainly thio sulfate. This process contacts air and sour water in a multi-chamber tower at 200 F. and 90 p.s.i.g. pressure.
  • the thiosulfates produced by this process are not acceptable in many cases because of their high BOD and COD.
  • the present process chemically oxidizes sulfide, polysulfide, thiosulfate, tetrathionate and polythionate.
  • the process comprises adjusting the pH of the stream to between about 6 and 13, preferably to between 8.0 and 12.5, heating the stream to a temperature ranging from 250 to 520 F., preferably 325 and 475 F., oxidizing the heated stream under a pressure of -800 p.s.i.g. and preferably 200 to 500 p.s.i.g.
  • a liquid hourly space velocity of between 0.5 to 12.0 volume of feed per reactor void volume, preferably of between 3 and 9 with an oxidizing medium containing from 0 to 500 percent excess oxygen basis stoichiometric conversion to sulfates and preferably 5 to 200 percent excess oxygen, the oxidation being carried out by counteror cocurrent flow of the stream and of the oxidizing medium.
  • air and water and off-gases formed during the oxidation step are separated from the oxidized efiluent.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the invention wherein oxidation is carried out on a countercurrent contact tower while FIG. 2 illustrates the process as carried out in a cocurrent contact tower.
  • feed water the pH of which has been adjusted as required, is flowed through line 10 to feed pump 12 which pumps it under pressure to feedefiluent heat exchanger 14 and thence to heater 20 and oxidizer tower 22.
  • Heater 20 can be of any conventional construction and can be fired or steam heated.
  • the oxidizer tower can be packed with Raschig rings, berl saddles, pall rings, or other suitable packings, or can contain bubble or sieve trays.
  • the tower serves to contact the hot sour water with the oxidizing medium air, oxygen or a mixture thereof in any proportion. This medium is introduced via line 24 and compressor 26 which brings it to systems pressure and then through line 28 in countercurrent relationship with the feed.
  • the sulfur compounds react with the oxygen to form sulfate as shown in Equations 1 and 2 for sulfides and thiosulfates, respectively.
  • the amount of oxygen required for complete oxidation to sulfate will depend upon which sulfur compounds are present and their relative amounts. To oxidize sulfides, an oxygen to sulfur weight ratio of 2 is required to produce sulfate. Oxidation of thiosulfate requires V2 as much oxygen as do sulfides. An excess of oxygen is desirable to assure complete and rapid oxidation of the sulfur compounds. Unused oxygen and inerts in the gas stream pass out of the top of the tower through line 30. The water efiluent from the bottom of the oxidizer passes through line 16 and the feed eflluent heat exchanger and is discharged through line 18, thereby preheating the feed.
  • FIG. 2 the process is illustrated as operating with cocurrent downfiow of oxidizing medium and water through the oxidizer tower.
  • sour water is fed through line 32 and mixed with the oxidizing medium supplied through line 34 before flowing into heat exchanger 36 where it is preheated to between 200 F. and 500 F. by contact with hot effluent arriving from the oxidizer tower through line 52.
  • the preheated water is heated to operating temperature in heated 46 and passes into oxidizer tower 50 which preferably is packed with Raschig rings, berl saddles, pall rings or other suitable packing.
  • the oxidized effluent still containing off-gases passes into air separator 40.
  • the off-gas mainly oxygen depleted air
  • the off-gas is taken off through line 44 for discharge to the atmosphere or routed to a flue gas stack, and the water eflluent is taken olf through line 42.
  • the water has a reduced BOD and COD and may be discharged safely to a receiving water depending upon the concentration of other contaminants in the water.
  • Both embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for treating scrubbing liquors from tail gas units for gasoline plants, refineries or other chemical processing plants which utilize tail gas scrubbing systems.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The analysis of oxidized water after treating the sour water of Table II below with 100% excess of stoichiometric air requirement for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfates at 400 F., 300 p.s.i.g. and 3.8 LHSV was the following:
  • EXAMPLE 4 The analysis of partially oxidized water after treating the sour water of Table II with 100% excess-of stoichiometric air requirement for the oxidation of thiosulfates to sulfates at 500 F., 750 p.s.i.g. and 5 LHSV was the following:
US00186893A 1971-10-06 1971-10-06 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water Expired - Lifetime US3761409A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00186893A US3761409A (en) 1971-10-06 1971-10-06 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water
GB3165373A GB1387510A (en) 1971-10-06 1973-07-03 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water
DE19732334994 DE2334994A1 (de) 1971-10-06 1973-07-10 Verfahren zur oxidation sulfidhaltigen abwassers
BE133501A BE802361A (fr) 1971-10-06 1973-07-13 Procede continu pour l'oxydation dans l'air d'une eau polluee.
NL7309978A NL7309978A (nl) 1971-10-06 1973-07-18 Werkwijze voor het continu oxyderen van water.
JP48080549A JPS5050290A (de) 1971-10-06 1973-07-19
FR7326503A FR2237845B1 (de) 1971-10-06 1973-07-19
CA177,083A CA1000422A (en) 1971-10-06 1973-07-23 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00186893A US3761409A (en) 1971-10-06 1971-10-06 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water
GB3165373A GB1387510A (en) 1971-10-06 1973-07-03 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water
DE19732334994 DE2334994A1 (de) 1971-10-06 1973-07-10 Verfahren zur oxidation sulfidhaltigen abwassers
BE133501A BE802361A (fr) 1971-10-06 1973-07-13 Procede continu pour l'oxydation dans l'air d'une eau polluee.
NL7309978A NL7309978A (nl) 1971-10-06 1973-07-18 Werkwijze voor het continu oxyderen van water.
JP48080549A JPS5050290A (de) 1971-10-06 1973-07-19
FR7326503A FR2237845B1 (de) 1971-10-06 1973-07-19
CA177,083A CA1000422A (en) 1971-10-06 1973-07-23 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water

Publications (1)

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US3761409A true US3761409A (en) 1973-09-25

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US00186893A Expired - Lifetime US3761409A (en) 1971-10-06 1971-10-06 Continuous process for the air oxidation of sour water

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3761409A (de)
JP (1) JPS5050290A (de)
BE (1) BE802361A (de)
CA (1) CA1000422A (de)
DE (1) DE2334994A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2237845B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1387510A (de)
NL (1) NL7309978A (de)

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852192A (en) * 1973-03-29 1974-12-03 Barber Colman Co Reactor for wet oxidation of organic matter
US3870631A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-03-11 Barber Colman Co Apparatus and method for wet oxidation of organic matter
US3901804A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-08-26 Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd Method for processing sludge
US3963611A (en) * 1973-10-26 1976-06-15 Chevron Research Company Oxidation process for improving the environmental quality of water containing sulfur and/or inorganic sub-six-sulfur-containing impurities
FR2347316A1 (fr) * 1976-04-07 1977-11-04 Bayer Ag Procede pour eliminer le dioxyde de soufre d'effluents renfermant des sulfites
US4066543A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-01-03 Texaco Inc. Continuous process for non-catalytic oxidation of sulfite-containing waters
US4076621A (en) * 1976-03-15 1978-02-28 Air Resources, Inc. Chelate oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in sour water
US4094780A (en) * 1975-08-14 1978-06-13 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc. Process for the liquid phase oxidation of organic substance-containing effluents
US4174280A (en) * 1974-07-17 1979-11-13 Sterling Drug Inc. Oxidation process
EP0010713A1 (de) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung von phosphorschwefelorganische Stoffe enthaltenden Abwässern
US4229296A (en) * 1978-08-03 1980-10-21 Whirlpool Corporation Wet oxidation system employing phase separating reactor
US4301014A (en) * 1980-06-05 1981-11-17 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. Phosphorus pentasulfide waste water treatment
WO1982002193A1 (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-07-08 Drug Inc Sterling Wet oxidation process utilizing dilution of oxygen
US4372940A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-02-08 Sterling Drug Inc. Process and apparatus for treatment of thiosulfate containing liquors
US4543190A (en) * 1980-05-08 1985-09-24 Modar, Inc. Processing methods for the oxidation of organics in supercritical water
US4861577A (en) * 1986-10-22 1989-08-29 Outokumpu Oy Method for removing the sulphur content of a weak gas containing sulfur dioxide
US5082571A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-01-21 Zimpro Passavant Environmental Systems Inc. Caustic sulfide wet oxidation process
US5106513A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-04-21 Modar, Inc. Process for oxidation of materials in water at supercritical temperatures and subcritical pressures
GB2254015A (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-09-30 Stone & Webster Eng Ltd Spent caustic treatment
US5230810A (en) * 1991-09-25 1993-07-27 Zimpro Passavant Environmental Systems, Inc. Corrosion control for wet oxidation systems
US5268104A (en) * 1992-07-09 1993-12-07 Stone & Webster Engineering, Corp. Process for treating and regenerating spent caustic
US5298174A (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-03-29 Zimpro Environmental, Inc. Low temperature caustic sulfide wet oxidation process
US5551472A (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-09-03 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Pressure reduction system and method
US5614087A (en) * 1994-07-13 1997-03-25 Kenox Corporation Wet oxidation system
US5620606A (en) * 1994-08-01 1997-04-15 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for reacting oxidizable matter with particles
US5755974A (en) * 1994-08-01 1998-05-26 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for reacting oxidizable matter with a salt
EP0787690A3 (de) * 1996-01-31 1998-06-03 Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. Nassoxidationsverfahren für Natronlaugeabfällen
US5891346A (en) * 1996-05-01 1999-04-06 Stone & Webster Engineering Limited Spent caustic system
US6001243A (en) * 1996-06-07 1999-12-14 Chematur Engineering Ab Heating and reaction system and method using recycle reactor
US6180079B1 (en) 1996-01-31 2001-01-30 Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited Wet oxidizing process
US20040055968A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2004-03-25 Philippe Campo Oxidising processes by oxygen transfer within a liquid medium in a reactor under pressure
US6958122B1 (en) 1999-09-03 2005-10-25 Chematur Engineering Ab High pressure and high temperature reaction system
US20060060541A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-23 Abazajian Armen N Waste disposal method and apparatus using wet oxidation and deep well injection
US20070183953A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Kerley Robert V Separation of ammonia from sulfur compounds
US20080073292A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-03-27 Chematur Engineering Ab Reactor and Method for Supercritical Water Oxidation
US20080264873A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-10-30 Anders Gidner Method and System for Supercritical Water Oxidation of a Stream Containing Oxidizable Material
US20090223887A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2009-09-10 Hazlebeck David A Water oxidization system
US20120085711A1 (en) * 2010-10-07 2012-04-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for the oxidation of waste alkali under superatmospheric pressure
WO2015082290A1 (de) * 2013-12-02 2015-06-11 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Verfahren zur aufbereitung von laugen
US9394188B2 (en) 2013-01-18 2016-07-19 Uop Llc Process for oxidizing sulfides and an apparatus relating thereto
US11286183B2 (en) 2015-11-19 2022-03-29 Envirosystems Inc. System and method for treatment of spent caustic wastewater

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2427307A1 (fr) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-28 Air Liquide Procede pour le traitement a l'oxygene d'effluents industriels contenant des sulfures
DE3209856A1 (de) * 1982-03-18 1983-09-29 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren zur oxidation von schwefelwasserstoff, der im abwasser von kohlvergasungsanlagen geloest ist
JP2628089B2 (ja) * 1989-08-18 1997-07-09 大阪瓦斯株式会社 廃水の処理方法
FR2670868B1 (fr) * 1990-12-19 1995-07-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de destruction d'effluents organiques toxiques par incineration en phase aqueuse et installation en faisant application.
DE102013010217A1 (de) 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Eilenburger Elektrolyse- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Oxidation von sulfidhaltigen Abwässern

Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901804A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-08-26 Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd Method for processing sludge
US3852192A (en) * 1973-03-29 1974-12-03 Barber Colman Co Reactor for wet oxidation of organic matter
US3870631A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-03-11 Barber Colman Co Apparatus and method for wet oxidation of organic matter
US3963611A (en) * 1973-10-26 1976-06-15 Chevron Research Company Oxidation process for improving the environmental quality of water containing sulfur and/or inorganic sub-six-sulfur-containing impurities
US4174280A (en) * 1974-07-17 1979-11-13 Sterling Drug Inc. Oxidation process
US4094780A (en) * 1975-08-14 1978-06-13 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc. Process for the liquid phase oxidation of organic substance-containing effluents
US4066543A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-01-03 Texaco Inc. Continuous process for non-catalytic oxidation of sulfite-containing waters
US4076621A (en) * 1976-03-15 1978-02-28 Air Resources, Inc. Chelate oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in sour water
FR2347316A1 (fr) * 1976-04-07 1977-11-04 Bayer Ag Procede pour eliminer le dioxyde de soufre d'effluents renfermant des sulfites
US4229296A (en) * 1978-08-03 1980-10-21 Whirlpool Corporation Wet oxidation system employing phase separating reactor
EP0010713A1 (de) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung von phosphorschwefelorganische Stoffe enthaltenden Abwässern
US4543190A (en) * 1980-05-08 1985-09-24 Modar, Inc. Processing methods for the oxidation of organics in supercritical water
DE3122536A1 (de) * 1980-06-05 1982-05-27 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp., 14302 Niagara Falls, N.Y. "verfahren zur behandlung des abwassers von phosphorpentasulfid"
US4301014A (en) * 1980-06-05 1981-11-17 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. Phosphorus pentasulfide waste water treatment
WO1982002193A1 (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-07-08 Drug Inc Sterling Wet oxidation process utilizing dilution of oxygen
US4372940A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-02-08 Sterling Drug Inc. Process and apparatus for treatment of thiosulfate containing liquors
US4861577A (en) * 1986-10-22 1989-08-29 Outokumpu Oy Method for removing the sulphur content of a weak gas containing sulfur dioxide
US5106513A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-04-21 Modar, Inc. Process for oxidation of materials in water at supercritical temperatures and subcritical pressures
GB2254015A (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-09-30 Stone & Webster Eng Ltd Spent caustic treatment
US5244576A (en) * 1991-02-05 1993-09-14 Stone & Webster Engineering Limited Spent caustic treatment
GB2254015B (en) * 1991-02-05 1995-02-15 Stone & Webster Eng Ltd Spent caustic treatment
US5082571A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-01-21 Zimpro Passavant Environmental Systems Inc. Caustic sulfide wet oxidation process
EP0513454A1 (de) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-19 Zimpro Environmental, Inc. Verfahren zur nassen Oxydation von alkalischem Sulfid
US5230810A (en) * 1991-09-25 1993-07-27 Zimpro Passavant Environmental Systems, Inc. Corrosion control for wet oxidation systems
US5368726A (en) * 1992-07-09 1994-11-29 Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. Apparatus for treating and regenerating spent caustic
US5268104A (en) * 1992-07-09 1993-12-07 Stone & Webster Engineering, Corp. Process for treating and regenerating spent caustic
US5298174A (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-03-29 Zimpro Environmental, Inc. Low temperature caustic sulfide wet oxidation process
EP0624555A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-17 Zimpro Environmental, Inc. Nassoxydation von alkalisches Sulfid enthaltender Flüssigkeit
US5614087A (en) * 1994-07-13 1997-03-25 Kenox Corporation Wet oxidation system
US5755974A (en) * 1994-08-01 1998-05-26 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for reacting oxidizable matter with a salt
US5620606A (en) * 1994-08-01 1997-04-15 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for reacting oxidizable matter with particles
US5823220A (en) * 1994-08-01 1998-10-20 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Pressure reduction system and method
US5551472A (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-09-03 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Pressure reduction system and method
EP0787690A3 (de) * 1996-01-31 1998-06-03 Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. Nassoxidationsverfahren für Natronlaugeabfällen
US5777191A (en) * 1996-01-31 1998-07-07 Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited Wet oxidizing process of waste soda
US6180079B1 (en) 1996-01-31 2001-01-30 Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited Wet oxidizing process
US5891346A (en) * 1996-05-01 1999-04-06 Stone & Webster Engineering Limited Spent caustic system
US6001243A (en) * 1996-06-07 1999-12-14 Chematur Engineering Ab Heating and reaction system and method using recycle reactor
US6017460A (en) * 1996-06-07 2000-01-25 Chematur Engineering Ab Heating and reaction system and method using recycle reactor
US6958122B1 (en) 1999-09-03 2005-10-25 Chematur Engineering Ab High pressure and high temperature reaction system
US20040055968A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2004-03-25 Philippe Campo Oxidising processes by oxygen transfer within a liquid medium in a reactor under pressure
US7241389B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2007-07-10 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme A Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude Et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude Oxidizing processes by oxygen transfer within a liquid medium in a reactor under pressure
US20060060541A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-23 Abazajian Armen N Waste disposal method and apparatus using wet oxidation and deep well injection
US20080073292A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-03-27 Chematur Engineering Ab Reactor and Method for Supercritical Water Oxidation
US20080264873A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-10-30 Anders Gidner Method and System for Supercritical Water Oxidation of a Stream Containing Oxidizable Material
US20070183953A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Kerley Robert V Separation of ammonia from sulfur compounds
US7431902B2 (en) 2006-02-08 2008-10-07 Sundance Resources Inc. Separation of ammonia from sulfur compounds
US20090223887A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2009-09-10 Hazlebeck David A Water oxidization system
US7611625B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2009-11-03 General Atomics Water oxidization system
US20120085711A1 (en) * 2010-10-07 2012-04-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for the oxidation of waste alkali under superatmospheric pressure
US9394188B2 (en) 2013-01-18 2016-07-19 Uop Llc Process for oxidizing sulfides and an apparatus relating thereto
WO2015082290A1 (de) * 2013-12-02 2015-06-11 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Verfahren zur aufbereitung von laugen
US11286183B2 (en) 2015-11-19 2022-03-29 Envirosystems Inc. System and method for treatment of spent caustic wastewater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7309978A (nl) 1975-01-21
JPS5050290A (de) 1975-05-06
FR2237845B1 (de) 1980-04-25
GB1387510A (en) 1975-03-19
DE2334994A1 (de) 1975-01-30
BE802361A (fr) 1974-01-14
CA1000422A (en) 1976-11-23
FR2237845A1 (de) 1975-02-14

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