US3759666A - Analytical process - Google Patents

Analytical process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3759666A
US3759666A US00206379A US3759666DA US3759666A US 3759666 A US3759666 A US 3759666A US 00206379 A US00206379 A US 00206379A US 3759666D A US3759666D A US 3759666DA US 3759666 A US3759666 A US 3759666A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
reagent
serum
sample
reaction
electrical signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00206379A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Hill
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Adaltis US Inc
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Union Carbide Corp
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Assigned to BAKER INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment BAKER INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/07—Centrifugal type cuvettes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
    • Y10T436/111666—Utilizing a centrifuge or compartmented rotor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for rapidly operating a spectrophotometer adapted to analyze the presence of a substance in a plurality of samples which are rotating in a centrifugal field.
  • serum samples to be analyzed are placed in the inner cavities, and the reagents are placed in cavities at a greater radial distance than those containing the serum samples.
  • the sample loading disc is then indexed and positioned in the rotor and as the rotor is accelerated, centrifugal force moves the sample to the cavity containing the reagent, where they are mixed and the mixture of reagent and sample is then moved through a communicating passage into the cuvet.
  • the filled cuvets rapidly spin past a fixed light beam, and the transmission of light through the cuvets, i.e., through the samples, is measured.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the rotatable disc of a spectrophotometer used in analytical testing
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the device of FIG. 1 also showing a light source, photodetection means, cuvet assembly and motor drive used in connection with the device of FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically an electrical arrangement used in conjunction with the device of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a rotatable loading disc of a spectrophotometer of the type previously described which comprises thirty rows of cavities numbered 1 to 30 with each row having a serum cavity 33 and a reagent cavity 31.
  • a slot to enable indexing of the loading disc is shown at 40.
  • standard operating procedure was to place reagent in the cavities 31 in alternate positions e.g. 1, 3, 5 etc. through 29 with the adjacent radially aligned serum cavities 33 being left empty. Both serum and reagent were placed in their respective cavities 33 and 31 in positions 2, 4, 6, 8 etc. through 30.
  • a reagent blank was provided for each analysis to be performed in positions 1, 3, 5 etc. through 20.
  • each row of cavities was aligned with a respective cu-vette 37 and as the rotor assembly 35 was driven, centrifugal force moved the contents of the serum and reagents to the outermost cavities 39.
  • Serum and reagents from positions 2, 4, 6, 8 etc. were mixed and transferred from cavity 39 through channels 50 to their respective cuvettes 37.
  • the cuvettes communicating with the cavities of positions 1, 3, 5 etc. were filled only with reagent while the cuvettes 37 communicating with the cavities of positions 2, 4, 6, etc. were filled with a mixture of serum and reagent.
  • the filled cuvettes 37 rotated between light source 55 and photomultiplier 60.
  • photomultiplier 60 therefore provided a value which could be designated as zero absorbance i.e. a blank.
  • the signals provided by the photomultiplier for the other positions 2, 4, 6 etc. could be compared to its corresponding blank thereby indicating any color changes due to reaction between reagent and serum.
  • a method is provided in the present invention whereby all positions 1 through 30 are provided with both serum and reagent in the respectve cavities 33 and 31.
  • the disc 100 is then rotated very rapidly e.g. 1000 r.p.m. whereby all cuvettes are passed between light source 55 and photomultiplier 60 in a very short period of time e.g. less than A of a second.
  • the signals provided by photomultiplier 60 during the initial rotation correspond to a blank since no significant color change due to serum-reagent reaction occurs in this interval.
  • the electrical current signals from photomultiplier 60 with reference to FIG.
  • a conventional logarithmic amplifier 61 These signals are in the form of pulses of electrical current due to the chopping effect of the rotor assembly 35.
  • a logarithmic amplifier is desirable due to the inherent logarithmic character of the absorbance phenomenon of serum-reagent reactions.
  • the pulses of electrical current generated by photo-multiplier 60 are converted to pulses of voltage having a logarithmic relationship to the current pulses.
  • the voltage pulses from logarithmic amplifier 60 are applied to a conventional peak detector 62 which can be a Peak Detector Module 4084/25 available from the Burr-Brown Research Corporation.
  • the peak detector 62 observes the peak value of each pulse applied and holds this value until re-set by timing function generator 64 which is synchronized with and coupled to rotor assembly 35.
  • timing function generator 64 which is synchronized with and coupled to rotor assembly 35.
  • peak signals are applied to peak detector 62 for each of the cuvet positions 1 through 30, with the timing function generator 64 re-setting the peak detector 62 after each pulse is received.
  • Each peak signal received by peak detector 62 is applied to analog-to-digital converter 66 which generates a group of pulses, using the conventional binary number system, having a value corresponding to the peak observed by the peak detector 62.
  • the analogto-digital converter can be a Teledyne Philbrick Nexus model 4103.
  • the pulse groups produced by analog-todigital converter 66 during the initial rotation of rotor assembly 35 are stored and held in memory unit 68 via electronic switch 70 which is actuated at the appropriate time by timing function generator 64. These pulse groups represent blanks since no significant reaction occurs between serum and reagent during the initial revolution of rotor assembly 35.
  • the pulse groups produced by analog-to-digital converter 66 for subsequent revolutions of rotor assembly 35, at pre-selected times, are applied to memory unit 72 via electronic switch 74 which is actuated at the appropriate time by timing function generator 64.
  • a frequently performed analytical test is the determination of glucose in blood serum.
  • microliters of serum is placed in serum cavities 33 and 350 microliters of glucose reagent by detecting changes in absorbance at a wavelength of 340 nm.
  • An initial blank reading for this situation can be taken as much as two seconds after initiating the revolution of the rotor assembly 35 and stored in memory unit 68 to provide a blank.
  • After a period of ten minutes a final reading is taken and stored in memory unit 72.
  • the blank is subtracted from the value in memory unit 72 and the measured change is proportional to the change in absorbance due to the extent of oxidation of glucose which is concurrent with the reduction of NADP.
  • a method for determining the progress of a chemical reaction between serum samples and reagent which comprises (1) providing (a) a light source (b) a photodetector means spaced from and arranged in juxtaposition therewith, said photodetector means providing an electrical signal proportional to the optical density of the media by which it is separated from said light source and (c) a rotatably movable rotor assembly arranged to rotate between said light source and said photodetector means having (i) a plurality of light transmitting sample analysis chambers located at a common radial position in said rotor assembly and (ii) a reagent containing chamber and a serum containing chamber radially aligned with each of said sample analysis chambers whereby upon rotation of the rotor assembly the contents of the reagent and serum chambers are caused to mix and pass into the radially aligned sample analysis chambers (2) rotating said rotor assembly at a speed such that mixtures of serum and reagent enter the sample analysis chamber before any substantial reaction occurs therebetween (3) applying

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
US00206379A 1971-12-09 1971-12-09 Analytical process Expired - Lifetime US3759666A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20637971A 1971-12-09 1971-12-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3759666A true US3759666A (en) 1973-09-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00206379A Expired - Lifetime US3759666A (en) 1971-12-09 1971-12-09 Analytical process

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3759666A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS5249758B2 (OSRAM)
AR (1) AR206681A1 (OSRAM)
AU (1) AU465200B2 (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE792516A (OSRAM)
BR (1) BR7208659D0 (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA969384A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH553403A (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2164399A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1392490A (OSRAM)
IL (1) IL41040A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT988366B (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7216731A (OSRAM)
SE (1) SE406125B (OSRAM)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856470A (en) * 1973-01-10 1974-12-24 Baxter Laboratories Inc Rotor apparatus
US3864089A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-02-04 Atomic Energy Commission Multiple-sample rotor assembly for blood fraction preparation
US3953172A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-04-27 Union Carbide Corporation Method and apparatus for assaying liquid materials
US4007007A (en) * 1974-02-22 1977-02-08 Hans Otto Ernst Gazda Apparatus for decontaminating liquids of bacteria
FR2354140A1 (fr) * 1976-06-09 1978-01-06 Electro Nucleonics Ensemble de cuvettes a jeter apres usage
US4135883A (en) * 1977-08-29 1979-01-23 Bio-Dynamics Inc. Blood analyzer system
US4148607A (en) * 1975-02-28 1979-04-10 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Apparatus and analysis for agglutination reaction
US4226531A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-10-07 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Disposable multi-cuvette rotor
US4239853A (en) * 1979-01-22 1980-12-16 Bradley Rex L Antibiotic testing method and apparatus having a channelized reservoir
US4314970A (en) * 1980-08-27 1982-02-09 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Analysis system
US4373812A (en) * 1981-03-25 1983-02-15 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Cuvette assembly
US4390499A (en) * 1981-08-13 1983-06-28 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical analysis system including a test package and rotor combination
US4470954A (en) * 1983-06-13 1984-09-11 Chiknas Steven G Rotor or carrier for centrifugal analyzer and bead washer
US4580898A (en) * 1984-05-31 1986-04-08 Allied Corporation Analytical system
US4580897A (en) * 1984-05-31 1986-04-08 Allied Corporation Centrifugal analyzer rotors
US4580896A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-04-08 Allied Corporation Multicuvette centrifugal analyzer rotor with annular recessed optical window channel
FR2572533A1 (fr) * 1984-10-26 1986-05-02 Guigan Jean Procede destine a realiser l'analyse medicale d'un echantillon liquide a l'aide d'au moins un reactif liquide et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
USD288124S (en) 1984-05-31 1987-02-03 Fisher Scientific Company Centrifugal analyzer rotor
US4902479A (en) * 1983-11-07 1990-02-20 Fisher Scientific Company Centrifugal analyzer rotor
US5071625A (en) * 1985-02-27 1991-12-10 Fisher Scientific Company Cuvette handling
US5631166A (en) * 1995-03-21 1997-05-20 Jewell; Charles R. Specimen disk for blood analyses
US20050202733A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2005-09-15 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Test object receptacle, test apparatus, and test method
US20070087429A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2007-04-19 Kazuhito Tanimoto Reaction disk and separation cell for automatic analyzer

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3044385A1 (de) * 1980-11-25 1982-06-24 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren zur durchfuehrung analytischer bestimmungen und hierfuer geeignetes rotoreinsatzelement
DE3044372A1 (de) * 1980-11-25 1982-07-08 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim Rotoreinheit mit einsatzelementen fuer einen zentrifugalanalysator
EP2189218A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-26 F. Hoffmann-Roche AG Multiwell plate lid separation

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856470A (en) * 1973-01-10 1974-12-24 Baxter Laboratories Inc Rotor apparatus
US3864089A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-02-04 Atomic Energy Commission Multiple-sample rotor assembly for blood fraction preparation
US4007007A (en) * 1974-02-22 1977-02-08 Hans Otto Ernst Gazda Apparatus for decontaminating liquids of bacteria
US3953172A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-04-27 Union Carbide Corporation Method and apparatus for assaying liquid materials
US4148607A (en) * 1975-02-28 1979-04-10 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Apparatus and analysis for agglutination reaction
FR2354140A1 (fr) * 1976-06-09 1978-01-06 Electro Nucleonics Ensemble de cuvettes a jeter apres usage
US4123173A (en) * 1976-06-09 1978-10-31 Electro-Nucleonics, Inc. Rotatable flexible cuvette arrays
US4135883A (en) * 1977-08-29 1979-01-23 Bio-Dynamics Inc. Blood analyzer system
US4226531A (en) * 1977-08-29 1980-10-07 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Disposable multi-cuvette rotor
US4239853A (en) * 1979-01-22 1980-12-16 Bradley Rex L Antibiotic testing method and apparatus having a channelized reservoir
US4314970A (en) * 1980-08-27 1982-02-09 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Analysis system
US4373812A (en) * 1981-03-25 1983-02-15 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Cuvette assembly
US4390499A (en) * 1981-08-13 1983-06-28 International Business Machines Corporation Chemical analysis system including a test package and rotor combination
US4470954A (en) * 1983-06-13 1984-09-11 Chiknas Steven G Rotor or carrier for centrifugal analyzer and bead washer
US4580896A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-04-08 Allied Corporation Multicuvette centrifugal analyzer rotor with annular recessed optical window channel
US4902479A (en) * 1983-11-07 1990-02-20 Fisher Scientific Company Centrifugal analyzer rotor
US4580898A (en) * 1984-05-31 1986-04-08 Allied Corporation Analytical system
US4580897A (en) * 1984-05-31 1986-04-08 Allied Corporation Centrifugal analyzer rotors
USD288124S (en) 1984-05-31 1987-02-03 Fisher Scientific Company Centrifugal analyzer rotor
EP0180528A3 (fr) * 1984-10-26 1987-05-27 Jean Guigan Procédé destiné à réaliser l'analyse médicale d'un échantillon liquide à l'aide d'au moins un réactif liquide et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
FR2572533A1 (fr) * 1984-10-26 1986-05-02 Guigan Jean Procede destine a realiser l'analyse medicale d'un echantillon liquide a l'aide d'au moins un reactif liquide et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US5071625A (en) * 1985-02-27 1991-12-10 Fisher Scientific Company Cuvette handling
US5631166A (en) * 1995-03-21 1997-05-20 Jewell; Charles R. Specimen disk for blood analyses
US20070087429A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2007-04-19 Kazuhito Tanimoto Reaction disk and separation cell for automatic analyzer
US7722812B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2010-05-25 Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Reaction disk and separation cell for automatic analyzer
US20050202733A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2005-09-15 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Test object receptacle, test apparatus, and test method
US7790468B2 (en) * 2004-03-09 2010-09-07 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Test object receptacle, test apparatus, and test method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL41040A (en) 1975-07-28
FR2164399A5 (OSRAM) 1973-07-27
CA969384A (en) 1975-06-17
GB1392490A (en) 1975-04-30
AR206681A1 (es) 1976-08-13
SE406125B (sv) 1979-01-22
CH553403A (fr) 1974-08-30
IT988366B (it) 1975-04-10
JPS4866491A (OSRAM) 1973-09-12
DE2260280A1 (de) 1973-06-28
NL7216731A (OSRAM) 1973-06-13
DE2260280B2 (de) 1976-09-23
IL41040A0 (en) 1973-02-28
JPS5249758B2 (OSRAM) 1977-12-19
AU4981572A (en) 1974-06-13
BE792516A (fr) 1973-06-08
BR7208659D0 (pt) 1973-08-30
AU465200B2 (en) 1975-09-18

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BAKER INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION, 2196 AVENUE C, P.O.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003865/0890

Effective date: 19810512