US3757921A - Right hand margin control system - Google Patents

Right hand margin control system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3757921A
US3757921A US00100974A US3757921DA US3757921A US 3757921 A US3757921 A US 3757921A US 00100974 A US00100974 A US 00100974A US 3757921D A US3757921D A US 3757921DA US 3757921 A US3757921 A US 3757921A
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United States
Prior art keywords
count
space
measure
zone
point
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US00100974A
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English (en)
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D Bishop
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/44—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms having dual functions or combined with, or coupled to, apparatus performing other functions
    • B41J3/50—Mechanisms producing characters by printing and also producing a record by other means, e.g. printer combined with RFID writer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B27/00—Control, indicating, or safety devices or systems for composing machines of various kinds or types
    • B41B27/28—Control, indicating, or safety devices for individual operations or machine elements
    • B41B27/32—Control, indicating, or safety devices for individual operations or machine elements for line-justification operations
    • B41B27/36—Control, indicating, or safety devices for individual operations or machine elements for line-justification operations using electronic devices

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A system which accepts an input medium and provides an output copy having a right hand edge which is controlled by means of a variable control zone.
  • the control zone may be made 1) relatively wide with a resultant extremely ragged right hand edge; 2) quite narrow with a resultant slightly ragged right hand edge; or 3) equal to a value of one escapement unit with a resultant even right hand edge.
  • the system is operable such that in the event that more than one word space occurs in the zone, the word space nearest to the right hand side of the zone which corresponds to the end of the measure is chosen. No operator intervention is necessary to achieve the desired result after the system has been started.
  • I I I I I I I I I I IIIH 'MIIEIIZFI M13113 I I I I I I I I I I @1551 m 113 IE I I I III I i 1 1 RIGHT HAND MARGIN CONTROL SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION hand edge are controlled. While in classic composing rigid control of the right hand edge of the output copy is required, there are many applications in which a slightly ragged right hand edge is acceptable. There have been many systems designed to print output from an input medium with a ragged right hand edge such that there is less of a requirement for operator intervention in the form of hyphenation decisions during printout. This is the prime reason for utilizing a system in which the right hand edge of the output copy is not in exact alignment.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,386,552 to Lorber,et al. provides a system in which a carrier return will automatically occur at the first word space on the far side of a right hand point set into the system by the operator. There is no variable zone in the Lorber system.
  • the Lorber system also provides a hyphenation mode in which. the input tape has'the words thereon hyphenated by the input operator at every syllable and a carrier return will occur on the first hyphen on the right of the right hand line. Additional modes of sentence, paragraph, and character are also provided. As above noted, there is',
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,307,154 to Garth describes a typical not zone system.
  • Garth provides a zone which determines where the line-ending point is to occur.
  • this zone is related to a multiple of the number of interword spaces in order -to control the ultimate size of these interword spaces upon justification of the line and thus, this zone varies for each line.
  • a system which accepts input data from an input medium and converts the input data to only control the earliest point at which a carrier return can occur.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,340,986 to Adams provides a right hand zone.
  • This zone is not controlledby the machine, but is a visual zone used by the operator viewer.
  • the viewer runs the input tape past a viewingstation and makes decisions as to what the right hand printed output.
  • the degree of evenness of the right hand edge of the printed output is controlled by the operator setting a zone during the set-up operation.
  • the operator sets the measure, the zone width and the minimum interword space size.
  • First, second, and third counters are provided which hold the running count from the left hand margin, the count from the left hand margin at the time of the last word space, within the measure, and the count of the number of word spaces up to the last word space that falls within the measure,'respectively.
  • a subtract-hold unit is also utilized to hold an amount equal to the measure minus the zone width which is the left hand side of the zone.
  • a justification computer is used to partially justify lines where the last word space within the measure does not fall within the zone.
  • a register is used in conjunction with the second counter and the justification computer for holding a multiple of the zone width which is also utilized in partially justifying lines where the last word space within the measure does not fall within the zone.
  • the contents of the first counter are compared against the measure. If the word space is'to the right of the measure, the contents of the subtract-hold unit are compared with the contents of the second counter to determine if the previous word space within the measure was in the zone. If the previous word space within the measure is in the zone which is the case when the contents of the second counter are greater than" the count in the subtract-hold unit, the previous word space within the measure is the point of an automatic carrier return. If less, the zone width is added to the second counter and to the register holding a multiple of the zone width originally dialed in by the. operator and a comparison is again made.
  • This operation is remargin should look like and marks the tape with a'machine readable code to'end a line at a selected point which falls between two vertical lines which designate the zone. This is facilitated by having an input tape, having measured lengths on it which can be directly correlated to the length of a line of print on the output peated until the contents of the secondcounter are greater than the count in the subtract-hold unit. Thereafter, the total count stored in the register is utilized in computing a partial justification solution where the total count is distributed evenly among the interword spaces in the line with any remainder being applied to the interword spaces closest the left margin in a predetermined manner.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the subject novel system
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the operation of the system when a word on the input line spans the right hand side of the control zone
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the operation of the system when two word spaces occur in the zone and a word spans the right hand side of the control zone;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the system when a word space is at the right hand side of the control zone
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the operation of the system when l) the zone is chosen to be relatively narrow such that no word space occurs within the zone and/or 2) a word completely overlaps the zone.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an overall system which comprises the subject invention where the printing of text is to be under the control of a previously prepared input medium.
  • the printing of material may follow the complete reading of a line from the input medium with justification or other modifications being made to the line prior to the printing.
  • justification occurs automatically so long as the justification can be accomplished by appropriate interword spacing and in some cases, interletter spacing.
  • Reference to an input medium includes paper tapes, magnetic cards, magnetic tapes, punched cards, etc., carrying a sequence of codes which have been recorded by special typewriters available for this purpose or other suitable means.
  • the record reader, justification computer, and printer referred to herein may be of the form of any conventional apparatus readily available, or may take the form described in US. Pat. No. 3,483,527.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a count line 1 to which counts from the input medium are applied. These counts will correspond, in the event of proportional spacing, to the width of the characters read from the input medium and word spaces read. In the event that proportional spacing is not used, the counts will correspond to the characters read and word spaces.
  • These counts are input into a current units counter 2 which is set to zero at the beginning of each line by application of a carrier return signal on lines 31 and 30 or by a startup signal when the input medium or record reader is turned on.
  • the contents of the current units counter 2 are applied along line 4 to an AND gate 5.
  • the other input to the AND gate 5 is along line 3 from a word space line.
  • the word space line is brought up anytime a word space code is read from the input medium, and is also applied along line 46 to AND gate 45. This will result in one count being addedto the count in word space counter 47 if an indication that the measure has not been overrun results in line 44 being brought up.
  • Word space counter 47 is reset upon a start-up or carrier return signal applied along line 48.
  • the contents of counter 2 which are equal to the number of counts from the left hand margin, are applied along lines 6 and 7 to the AND gate 9 and compare unit 8, respectively.
  • the other input to the compare unit 8 is along line 25 from measure register 22.
  • the measure register 22 holds a number corresponding to the setting selected by the operator at the beginning of the printing operation. This will correspond to the desired measure.
  • the operator also sets 1) a zone width dial to control the width of the zone and this zone width is stored in zone register 23, and 2) a minimum space dial to control the minimum interword space size in terms of escapement units and this interword space size is stored in register 60 (which is designated minimum space).
  • compare unit 8 a comparison is made between the contents of the current units counter 2 and the measure set on the measure dial and stored in register 22.
  • line 10 is brought up and the contents of counter 2 which are applied along line 6 to AND gate 9 are gated along line 11 through OR gate 42 and along line 43 into counter 12 and stored.
  • Counter 12 thus stores the current contents of counter 2 which is the point of the last word space within the measure.
  • the point of last word space within the measure is applied along line 13 to AND gate 14 which receives its other input along line 15 from compare unit 8.
  • Line 15 will be brought up in the event that the contents of counter 2 are greater than the measure. This implies that the measure has been overrun.
  • the contents of counter 12 are gated through AND gate 14 along line 16 into a compare unit 17.
  • Line 10 is not brought up, and therefore, the contents of counter 12 do not include the count for a word which overruns the measure.
  • the compare unit 17, receives its other input along line 20 from a subtract-hold unit 21 which is loaded initially with a count corresponding to the measure minus the zone width.
  • the measure minus the zone width corresponds to the part of the measure on the left hand side of the zone.
  • the loading of this subtract-hold unit 21 is accomplished upon a carrier return applied along line 59 bringing line 29 up, or upon startup.
  • a comparison is made by compare unit 17 each time the zone width is counted by counter 12 and stored in register 54. For each such comparison the output of counter 12 is applied along line 13 to AND gate 14 and along line 16 to compare unit 17.
  • the other input to AND gate 14 is along line from compare unit 8 indicating that the contents of counter 2 are greater than the contents of register 22.
  • justification computer 58 which receives the multiple of the contents originally stored in register 23 (the multiple now stored in register 54) from register 54 along line 55 and other inputs along lines 50 and 61, calculates the interword spacing and computes a partial justification solution.
  • the justification solution is based on the point of last word space in the zone and not the right hand margin. Obviously these two parameters could be the same if the zone width were equal to one escapement unit. This would result in total justification of all lines. As pointed out earlier though, the wider the zone, the greater the degree of raggedness with the result being only the partial justification of some of the lines.
  • the calculation of the interword spacing referred to above is based on the minimum interword space size, in terms of escapement units, stored in register 60 and applied to justification computer 58 along line 61, and the count stored in register 54 divided by the count of the number of word spaces held in word space counter 47 minus one. This word space count is applied to justification computer 58 along line 50. The reason that one word spacecount is subtracted is to provide for the last word space counted within the measure.
  • the interword spacing for partial justification is thus derived by adding the count stored in register 54 divided by the number of interword spaces to the width of the minimum interword space, with the remainder distributed as described, in order that when the line is printed, the last interword space within the measure appears in the zone.
  • the result can be some partially justified lines in the case where the effective measure is defined by the point of last word space within the measure plus a multiple of the zone width such that the difference between the actual measure and the effective measure is less than the zone width. This will become more readily apparent when considered along with that part of the description related to FIGS. 2 5.
  • justified lines and partially justified lines are to be considered essentially the same. These definitions for purposes of explanation vary when the control zone becomes larger than one escapement unit, but even then the output line is justified.
  • the altered measure is based on the multiple in register 54, determined by the contents of counter 12 exceeding the contents of subtract and hold unit 21 up to the contents of register 22. 4
  • the point at which the carrier return occurs is at the space immediately preceding the word which overflowed the measure.
  • the word space at which the carrier return occurs is the one nearest the end of the measure. This is accomplished by storing the current units count into the point of last word space counter 12 each time a word space within the measure occurs.
  • a carrier return signal which appears on line 18 is also applied along line 36 to AND gate 38, which receives its other input from counter 12 along lines 13 and 35, to gate the point of carrier return along line 37 back to the reader control such that a new line begin .point is identified. l I
  • FIG. 2 For a more complete understanding of the system shown in FIG. 1, reference can be made to the remaining figures and first to FIG. 2 wherein there is shown an illustration of, an input line and an output line which would occur through operation of the subject system.
  • the input line is shown with a word space occurring in the zone between words C and D and with word D overflowing the measure.
  • a carrier return occurs at the word space following word C and word D is then brought around onto the'following line.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated the case where multiple word spaces occur in the zone.
  • the system does not automatically cause a carrier return following a word space after word C, but instead causes a carrier return after word D, which is the word space nearest the right hand margin.
  • Word E in FIG. 3 is then brought around to the following line. This illustrates that in the subject system that the first word space is not acted upon. Instead, the word space nearest to the right hand sideof the measure is the word space which is chosen.
  • FIG. 4 there is illustrated the case where a relatively long word C is input and the word space following the long word C is at the overflow point. In this case, as illustrated, word C is printed as input.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown the case where a'word D completely spans the zone and thus a multiple of the zone width (in this case, one zone width) is added to the sum of the minimum interword spaces, in terms of escapement units, and the total is distributed among the interword spaces thereby causing the last word space to fall in the zone.
  • the word spaces used are of the minimum interword space size determined by the operator. Only in FIG. was it necessary to increase the word space size in order to end in the zone.
  • a system according to claim 1 further including means for comparing a count of said character and space codes with said measure count upon each space code input to said system for determining when said measure count has been exceeded.
  • a system according to claim 2 further including means for gating a count for each space code input to said system to said means for tabulating a running count of said space codes when said character and space code count does not exceed said measure count.
  • a system according to claim 3 further including means for gating said count of said character and space codes up to said point of last space to said means for comparing said point of last space with said measure count minus said control zone count when said count of said character and space codes from said left margin exceed said measure count.

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  • Record Information Processing For Printing (AREA)
  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Character Input (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
US00100974A 1970-12-23 1970-12-23 Right hand margin control system Expired - Lifetime US3757921A (en)

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US10097470A 1970-12-23 1970-12-23

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US (1) US3757921A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5131128B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA969668A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH530270A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2163211C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES397889A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2119339A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1322850A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7116952A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3895704A (en) * 1972-05-18 1975-07-22 Little Inc A Word processor with right-hand margin control
US3915278A (en) * 1974-03-21 1975-10-28 Cpt Corp Right hand margin adjustment feature for an automated typing system
US3981383A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-09-21 General Electric Company Right hand margin control system
US3998311A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-12-21 International Business Machines Corporation Indicating entry into a variable width right margin zone
US4035781A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-07-12 Xerox Corporation Signal priority logic for serial printer
US4152083A (en) * 1977-08-10 1979-05-01 Teletype Corporation Margin control for printing apparatus
US4225249A (en) * 1977-06-27 1980-09-30 International Business Machines Corporation Variable character spacing matrix for proportional spacing printing systems
US4330217A (en) * 1979-09-27 1982-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Line adjustment apparatus for a typewriter
US4464069A (en) * 1980-03-17 1984-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Printing apparatus display device for simultaneously displaying complete words
US4480931A (en) * 1981-03-16 1984-11-06 Silver Seiko, Ltd. Electronic typewriter
US4500216A (en) * 1978-07-18 1985-02-19 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Electronic typewriter
US4556332A (en) * 1983-03-03 1985-12-03 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Electronic typewriter including right margin adjusting means
DE3546140A1 (de) * 1984-12-29 1986-07-03 Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Blockverarbeitungseinrichtung
US4689764A (en) * 1981-10-26 1987-08-25 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for formatting a line of text containing a complex character prior to text justification
US4783760A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-11-08 Honeywell Bull Inc. Word processing text justification method
US4904099A (en) * 1977-01-14 1990-02-27 Shintaro Abe Electronic typewriter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51159938U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-06-14 1976-12-20
DE2751326C3 (de) * 1977-11-17 1985-05-09 Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell Gmbh, 2300 Kiel Verfahren zum Aufzeichnen von Schrift- oder Bildinformationen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3483527A (en) * 1967-02-02 1969-12-09 Ibm Efficient justification quality control
US3631957A (en) * 1969-07-03 1972-01-04 Ibm Variable right-hand margin-control system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3483527A (en) * 1967-02-02 1969-12-09 Ibm Efficient justification quality control
US3631957A (en) * 1969-07-03 1972-01-04 Ibm Variable right-hand margin-control system

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3895704A (en) * 1972-05-18 1975-07-22 Little Inc A Word processor with right-hand margin control
US3915278A (en) * 1974-03-21 1975-10-28 Cpt Corp Right hand margin adjustment feature for an automated typing system
US3981383A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-09-21 General Electric Company Right hand margin control system
US3998311A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-12-21 International Business Machines Corporation Indicating entry into a variable width right margin zone
US4035781A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-07-12 Xerox Corporation Signal priority logic for serial printer
US4904099A (en) * 1977-01-14 1990-02-27 Shintaro Abe Electronic typewriter
US4225249A (en) * 1977-06-27 1980-09-30 International Business Machines Corporation Variable character spacing matrix for proportional spacing printing systems
US4152083A (en) * 1977-08-10 1979-05-01 Teletype Corporation Margin control for printing apparatus
US4553866A (en) * 1978-07-18 1985-11-19 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Electronic typewriter
US4500216A (en) * 1978-07-18 1985-02-19 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Electronic typewriter
US4330217A (en) * 1979-09-27 1982-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Line adjustment apparatus for a typewriter
US4464069A (en) * 1980-03-17 1984-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Printing apparatus display device for simultaneously displaying complete words
US4480931A (en) * 1981-03-16 1984-11-06 Silver Seiko, Ltd. Electronic typewriter
US4689764A (en) * 1981-10-26 1987-08-25 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for formatting a line of text containing a complex character prior to text justification
US4556332A (en) * 1983-03-03 1985-12-03 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Electronic typewriter including right margin adjusting means
EP0117891A3 (en) * 1983-03-03 1986-08-20 Tokyo Electric Co. Ltd. Right justification function for an electronic typewriter
DE3546140A1 (de) * 1984-12-29 1986-07-03 Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Blockverarbeitungseinrichtung
US4980841A (en) * 1984-12-29 1990-12-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Block processing apparatus
US4783760A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-11-08 Honeywell Bull Inc. Word processing text justification method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES397889A1 (es) 1974-06-01
CA969668A (en) 1975-06-17
FR2119339A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-04
NL7116952A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-27
JPS5131128B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-09-04
DE2163211A1 (de) 1972-07-13
DE2163211C2 (de) 1984-07-05
CH530270A (de) 1972-11-15
GB1322850A (en) 1973-07-11

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