US3754495A - Sounding note board for music instruction - Google Patents

Sounding note board for music instruction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3754495A
US3754495A US00190160A US3754495DA US3754495A US 3754495 A US3754495 A US 3754495A US 00190160 A US00190160 A US 00190160A US 3754495D A US3754495D A US 3754495DA US 3754495 A US3754495 A US 3754495A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
board
note
set forth
layer
bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00190160A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Honegger
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1585270A external-priority patent/CH528793A/de
Priority claimed from CH883871A external-priority patent/CH539311A/de
Priority claimed from CH1179171A external-priority patent/CH541198A/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3754495A publication Critical patent/US3754495A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/32—Constructional details
    • G10H1/34—Switch arrangements, e.g. keyboards or mechanical switches specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B15/00—Teaching music
    • G09B15/02—Boards or like means for providing an indication of notes
    • G09B15/04—Boards or like means for providing an indication of notes with sound emitters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S84/00—Music
    • Y10S84/07—Electric key switch structure

Definitions

  • a sounding note board for music instruction comprising conductor bars being arranged below the board surface.
  • the bars are connected with on/off switching means, each of them being arranged to switch a separate sound generator which is assigned to one particular bar.
  • the output terminals of all sound generators are connected with the input of a common amplifier which feeds a speaker.
  • the switching means are designed to form proximity switches, controlled by the respective bars.
  • the proximity switches are operable by a person touching the board surface above the particular bar.
  • the board provided with an ordinary writing layer may comprise an iron or magnetic layer which is arranged at such a distance from the writing surfacev that attachable magnetic or iron platelets adhere to the writing surface.
  • the present invention concerns a sounding note board for music instruction, comprising conductor bars which are arranged below the board surface and which are each assigned to a particular pitch or tone and which are connected to switching means for the switching-on of the sound generators assigned to the particular pitches or tones.
  • the electric conductor bars are arranged below an insulating writing layer, so that the board can be easily written on.
  • the conductor bars are each connected to a sound generator by a switch, while the sound generators have on their output side a common amplifier connected to a loudspeaker. Connection of a sound generator is effected by touching the board with a cane connected to the board by a cord.
  • Conductor bar and cane carry an alternating voltage, and touching the board capacitively closes an ac circuit containing a relay.
  • a drawback of this system is that an electric shock is received when the tip of the otherwise insulated pointer is touched, and the fact'that the cane is connected to the board by a cable is also considered a nuisance.
  • the iron or magnetic layer cannot be arranged between electrodes and board surface, as the electrodes would be screened and would not respond.
  • the embedding. of conventional electrodes would require such a great layer thickness that the provision of an iron or magnetic layer under the electrodes would not with certainty produce the dc sires result, as the distance between iron layer and magnetic markers would be too great to ensure proper adherence of the markers.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a note board whose material and layer sequence are such that it can also be used as a magnetic board.
  • the switching means in conjunction with the conductor bars have the form of proximity switches which are operable by a person touching the board surface at the chosen point of the note pattern, for which result a particular signal level at the conductor bar which is fed to the input of the associated switching means is underpassed or exceeded, respectively, under the influence of the persons body capacity, so that,
  • the sound generator assigned to the particular switching means is switched on.
  • a conductor connected to an alternating voltage generator may be fitted into the board or arranged near it for the purpose of exciting a local electric field.
  • the board can be made to sound simply by touching,it, as with the finger, it is also possible to play chords on it by simultaneously touching it with several fingers. This is not possible with a board using a single pointer.
  • FIG. 1 shows the block circuit diagram of a tone with the associated half-tones
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the proximity switch 11, 12 according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a ring conductor designed to set up an electric alternating field
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an embodiment suitable for blind students instruction
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view through the note board, on a magnified scale, illustrating somewhat diagramatically a suitable laminated layer sequence in accordance with the present invention.
  • the note board comprises conductor bars which correspond to the tones and which are arranged in a board body and are mutually insulated and screened and are located below the board surface, in particular below a writing layer presenting the staff lines.
  • the electrical equipment is arranged at the edge of the board, for instance, along a narrow side and embedded in a recess of the board body.
  • the electrical assembly for each tone comprises a conductor bar 11 which is connected as an electrode to a switching. means 12 and screened from neighbouring conductor bars by a screening 13, and further comprises a sound generator 14 for the key note and two sound generators l5, 16 for the lower and higher half-tones, respectively, a plug socket 17 in the line from the switching means 12 to the sound genera tors, a switch 18 for cutting off the sound generators, a change-over switch 19 for contacting the key note generator 14 or half-tone generator, and a change-over switch for contacting the sound generator 15 for the lower half-tone or the sound generator 16 for the higher half-tone. All sound generators are jointly connected to an amplifier 21 which is connected to a speaker 22.
  • the plug socket 17 is designed for connection of other sound generators, such as sound generators of another timbre, or for connection of an electric musical instrument, such as an organ, with provision for playing from the note board to the organ, or from the organs keyboard to the note board.
  • the plug socket 17 can also be used to connect a signal lamp for optical tone indication, possibly with different colours for the individual tones.
  • the switching means 12 which together with the electrode 11 forms a capacitive proximity switch, is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2. It comprises a resistor 23 connected in series with a capacitor 24; the resistor 23 is connected to the negative terminal, while the capacitor 24 is connected across a resistor 25 to positive terminal connected to an external voltage source.
  • the electrode 11, having the form of a conductor bar, is coupled across a capacitor 26 to that circuit.
  • Also connected to this input voltage divider is the base of a transistor 27, the collector of which is connected across a potentiometer 28 and a resistor 29 to positive potential and is connected across a resistor 30 to the base of a second transistor 31.
  • the collector of transistor 31 is connected to a relay 32 for actuating toner or sound generator 99 by closing switch 98 to energizing power supply 97.
  • the emitters of the two transistors are connected across a joint resistor 33 to negative potential.
  • the collector-emitter circuit of the first transistor 27 carries a low current determined by the values of the resistors 28 and 29.
  • the base of the transistor 31 is connected to negative emitter potential, so that the transistoris cut off.
  • This ambient signal is amplified by the transistor 27 and produces a greater voltage drop at the resistor 29.
  • the base potential of the transistor 31 changes by virtue of the voltage drop across the resistor 30, so that the transistor 31 becomes conductive and energizes the relay 32, switching on the associated sound generator 99.
  • a capacitor 34 and a diode 35 are connected in parallel to smooth the amplified ac voltage.
  • the second transistor 31 As soon as the finger is removed from the note board and the ambient signal picked up by the conductor bar is therefore weakened, the second transistor 31 remains cut off, the relay 32 de-energizes and switches off the sound generator.
  • the response voltage for the second transistor 31 can readily be adjusted by the potentiometer 28.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, a ring conductor with two loops 36, 37 connected to an a.c. voltage generator 38.
  • a ring conductor may preferably be arranged along the lower edge of the board 95 behind the writing layer or at any other point within the influence range of the board.
  • wind generator 40 which consists of a noise generator for a particular noise spectrum and which superimposes an adjustable percentage of desired distortion on the generally sinusoidal signal of the sound generators.
  • the wind generator may be either connected directly in parallel with the outputs of the sound generators, or it may be arranged to act on each sound generator separately, as illustrated in FIG. 1, by distorting the supply voltage. With such a wind generator it is possible to simulate the wind effect of flutes or other wind instruments, for instance. This provides a sound pattern more pleasing than that of the undistorted sinusoidal signal of the sound generators.
  • the board may be overlaid with a sheet of felt, for instance, which can be removably affixed by press or adhesive fastenings, for instance, and to which notes or symbols provided with a rough surface can be attached.
  • foils such as plastic sheet, preferably transparent and provided with notes and symbols
  • the note board described is operable through the affixed felt and the notes attached thereto as well as through such a foil.
  • the board can be so designed as to be suitable for instructing blind'music students.
  • markers perceivable by the touch are placed on the board surface, so that the note board can be made to sound simply by touching the board surface at the points marked.
  • the staff lines and the writing layer can be dispensed with.
  • the board 1 which in essentials corresponds to the board described above, presents touch lines 2, which may rise beyond the board surface 3.
  • the degree of rise shown in the drawing is greatly exaggerated.
  • Let into the board below the touch lines 2 or below the spaces are the conductor bars, which are connected to switching means for switching on sound generators.
  • Each touch line 2 is assigned to a particular pitch.
  • the touch lines 2 in this embodiment are vertical, and not horizontal as in an embodiment presenting the ordinary staff lines.
  • the vertical position presents important didactic advantages in the instruction of blind people. As blind people cannot read the written notation anyway, an instruction system used for such people exclusively need not conform to the ordinary system.
  • the degree of rise of the touch lines 2 beyond the board surface 53 should be such that it is sufficient for easy touch detection while not hindering easy sliding over the touch lines.
  • the board is made in such a manner that it can be overlaid with thin sheets which can be provided with instruction programs in Braille, for instance.
  • the thickness of such a sheet must not exceed a certain limit if the capacitive proximity switches connected to the conductor bars located below the board surface are still to respond with certainty when the sheet surface is touched.
  • markers directly placed on to the board surface may be unnecessary, so that a board with a perfectly clear surface may be used.
  • the sheets or matrices can be affixed to the board in a simple manner, as by press fasteners 4. Instead, any other type of fastener, such as interlock fasteners, may be used. Such fasteners keep the sheet in the correct position with respect to the conductor bars and also keep it from being accidentally shifted.
  • a preferred version of a note board suitable for the placing of magnetic markers consists, viewed in corsssection, of a supporting layer containing impregnated kraft paper (phenolic paper), for instance. Over this is an adhesive surface bearing a layer of sheet iron or a permanently magnetized layer. Over this again is another adhesive layer forming the transition to an insulating layer of impregnated kraft paper. This insulating layer may have a thickness of 50 microns, for instance. Over this is a layer which contains the electrodes and which consists of a copper-coated plastic sheet or an insulating foil coated with conductive varnish, for instance. This sheet or foil may have a total thickness of about to 75 microns, for instance. Over this is another layer of impregnated kraft paper 50 microns thick, for instance, and, if necessary, a writing layer, which is preferably provided with raised staff lines and has a thickness of about 50 microns.
  • the aforesaid layers are pressed together in a single operation, resulting in a very strong and hard-wearing board.
  • the distance between the writing surface and the iron or magnetic layer is so small that magnetic or iron markers placed on the surface adhere very well.
  • the staff lines are slightly raised above the writing surface, so that they can also be easily identified by touch.
  • the magnetic or iron markers preferably have the shape of note heads and are also colour-coded for easier identification either of difierent tone lengths or of different pitches. Instead, it is possible to give the markers other shapes, such as folklore figures, which are especially suitable for children for pedagogic reasons.
  • the board may be made entirely of flexible material, so that it can be easily rolled up and carried.
  • the conductor bars are fixed to a flexible sheet and as the connections may be fixed to the same sheet, for instance, it is convenient to provide the board surface or underside with a plug socket for connection to the other switching means. At least part of these switching means can be accommodated in a case into which the board can be rolled up.
  • Sounding note board means for music instruction comprising a plurality of tone generator means for generating predetermined sound frequencies, a board, a plurality of conductor bars positioned below a surface of the board, switching means operatively connecting said conducting bars and said tone generator means for selective actuation of the latter in accordance with selection of particular ones of said bars by a player, said conductor bars constituting portions of proximity switch means operable by a player touching the board surface at desired locations of a note pattern, whereby touching of said surface by a body portion of a player in the operating vicinity of a conductor bar causes its associated proximity switch means to be actuated causing said switching means to actuate a predetermined portion of said plurality of tone generator means, said board being provided with a writing layer and an iron or magnetic layer arranged at such a distance from the writing surface that attachable magnetic or iron platelets adhere to the writing surface.
  • switching means includes a section associated with each of said conductor bars, each of said sections of said switching means including at least one electronic switch connected by a bias circuit to the associated conductor bar in such a manner that the electronic switch is cut off in its idle state and opens when the board surface in the operating vicinity of the associated conductor bar is touched by a body portion of a player.
  • each of the electronic switches includes means for adjusting the sensitivity thereof.
  • Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the board is provided with stafi lines formed by raised ridges on the surface of the board.
  • Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the attachable platelets are color-coded.
  • Note board means as set forth in claim 1, in which the conductor bars are vertical in the board as viewed by a player, and that there are markers associated with the conductor bars forming protrusions in front of the board surface so as to be detectable by touch by a player feeling over the board surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Drawing Aids And Blackboards (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US00190160A 1970-10-27 1971-10-18 Sounding note board for music instruction Expired - Lifetime US3754495A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1585270A CH528793A (de) 1970-10-27 1970-10-27 Klingende Notentafel für Musikunterricht
CH883871A CH539311A (de) 1970-10-27 1971-06-17 Klingende Notentafel
CH1179171A CH541198A (de) 1970-10-27 1971-08-11 Klingende Notentafel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3754495A true US3754495A (en) 1973-08-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00190160A Expired - Lifetime US3754495A (en) 1970-10-27 1971-10-18 Sounding note board for music instruction

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3754495A (sv)
BE (1) BE774478A (sv)
CA (1) CA947966A (sv)
DE (1) DE2150330A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2113186A5 (sv)
GB (1) GB1370004A (sv)
IL (1) IL37964A (sv)
NL (1) NL7114614A (sv)
NO (1) NO136272C (sv)
SE (2) SE391600B (sv)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3836909A (en) * 1972-04-06 1974-09-17 Electronic Music Studios Ltd Data input devices
US3897708A (en) * 1973-05-24 1975-08-05 Yoshiro Suzuki Electrically operated musical instrument
US3922944A (en) * 1972-02-12 1975-12-02 Nippon Columbia Stepping musical machine
US3943812A (en) * 1973-11-02 1976-03-16 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Touch responsive sensor in electronic keyboard musical instrument
US3956958A (en) * 1974-08-08 1976-05-18 Nash Daniel T Device for producing a signal in response to a movement thereon
US4170916A (en) * 1977-06-23 1979-10-16 D. H. Baldwin Company Touch operated capacitive switch for electronic musical instruments
US4777856A (en) * 1985-08-14 1988-10-18 Zhongdu Liu Dancing-musical instrument
EP0434086A2 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone control apparatus
US5479163A (en) * 1994-08-04 1995-12-26 Samulewicz; Thomas Circular tactile keypad
WO1998001842A1 (fr) * 1996-07-08 1998-01-15 Continental Photostructures Sprl Dispositif et procede d'interpretation d'une oeuvre musicale a partir de la partition
US6589116B1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2003-07-08 Bluevista Invest And Finance Ltd. Game with sounds and systems for its implementation
WO2020091857A1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-07 Glowka John Electrically amplified marimba
CN113071247A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-07-06 宫雨乔 一种字体自脱落式电磁书写板

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3142901A1 (fr) 2022-12-09 2024-06-14 L'oreal Compositions cosmétiques avec meilleure résistance à l’usure et au transfert
FR3147500A1 (fr) 2023-04-06 2024-10-11 L'oreal Compositions cosmétiques contenant de la résine de silicone glycérolée et une dispersion hydrogel dans l’huile
WO2024163629A1 (en) 2023-01-31 2024-08-08 L'oreal Cosmetic compositions containing glycerolated silicone resin and hydrogel-in-oil dispersion

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2873637A (en) * 1954-03-26 1959-02-17 Rca Corp Touch control for polyphonic musical instruments
US3429216A (en) * 1966-04-26 1969-02-25 Sidney J Lawrence Music-note indicating device
US3479440A (en) * 1966-08-15 1969-11-18 Baldwin Co D H Randomly-perturbed,locked-wave generator
US3492440A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Direct station selection telephone set employing proximity type selector switches
US3507970A (en) * 1966-12-30 1970-04-21 Baldwin Co D H Touch sensitive electronic musical instrument responsive to only terminal velocities of keys
US3598891A (en) * 1968-06-25 1971-08-10 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Musical tone-forming circuitry including filter and random noise modulation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2873637A (en) * 1954-03-26 1959-02-17 Rca Corp Touch control for polyphonic musical instruments
US3429216A (en) * 1966-04-26 1969-02-25 Sidney J Lawrence Music-note indicating device
US3479440A (en) * 1966-08-15 1969-11-18 Baldwin Co D H Randomly-perturbed,locked-wave generator
US3507970A (en) * 1966-12-30 1970-04-21 Baldwin Co D H Touch sensitive electronic musical instrument responsive to only terminal velocities of keys
US3492440A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Direct station selection telephone set employing proximity type selector switches
US3598891A (en) * 1968-06-25 1971-08-10 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Musical tone-forming circuitry including filter and random noise modulation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Jack Jaques, Make Electronic Bongos, Radio Electronics, page 42, July 1969. *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922944A (en) * 1972-02-12 1975-12-02 Nippon Columbia Stepping musical machine
US3836909A (en) * 1972-04-06 1974-09-17 Electronic Music Studios Ltd Data input devices
US3897708A (en) * 1973-05-24 1975-08-05 Yoshiro Suzuki Electrically operated musical instrument
US3943812A (en) * 1973-11-02 1976-03-16 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Touch responsive sensor in electronic keyboard musical instrument
US3956958A (en) * 1974-08-08 1976-05-18 Nash Daniel T Device for producing a signal in response to a movement thereon
US4170916A (en) * 1977-06-23 1979-10-16 D. H. Baldwin Company Touch operated capacitive switch for electronic musical instruments
US4777856A (en) * 1985-08-14 1988-10-18 Zhongdu Liu Dancing-musical instrument
EP0434086A3 (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-03-18 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone control apparatus
EP0434086A2 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone control apparatus
US5448008A (en) * 1989-12-22 1995-09-05 Yamaha Corporation Musical-tone control apparatus with means for inputting a bowing velocity signal
US5479163A (en) * 1994-08-04 1995-12-26 Samulewicz; Thomas Circular tactile keypad
US5701123A (en) * 1994-08-04 1997-12-23 Samulewicz; Thomas Circular tactile keypad
WO1998001842A1 (fr) * 1996-07-08 1998-01-15 Continental Photostructures Sprl Dispositif et procede d'interpretation d'une oeuvre musicale a partir de la partition
US6143972A (en) * 1996-07-08 2000-11-07 Ladyjonsky; Jacques Device and method for playing music from a score
US6589116B1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2003-07-08 Bluevista Invest And Finance Ltd. Game with sounds and systems for its implementation
WO2020091857A1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-07 Glowka John Electrically amplified marimba
CN113071247A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-07-06 宫雨乔 一种字体自脱落式电磁书写板
CN113071247B (zh) * 2021-04-14 2023-01-24 宫雨乔 一种字体自脱落式电磁书写板

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE391600B (sv) 1977-02-21
DE2150330A1 (de) 1972-05-04
GB1370004A (en) 1974-10-09
BE774478A (fr) 1972-02-14
SE376989B (sv) 1975-06-16
NO136272C (no) 1977-08-17
FR2113186A5 (sv) 1972-06-23
CA947966A (en) 1974-05-28
NL7114614A (sv) 1972-05-02
IL37964A (en) 1974-11-29
NO136272B (sv) 1977-05-02
IL37964A0 (en) 1971-12-29

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