US3751736A - Automatically flushing sanitary appliance - Google Patents

Automatically flushing sanitary appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
US3751736A
US3751736A US00195645A US3751736DA US3751736A US 3751736 A US3751736 A US 3751736A US 00195645 A US00195645 A US 00195645A US 3751736D A US3751736D A US 3751736DA US 3751736 A US3751736 A US 3751736A
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resistance
electrodes
bowl
sensing
appliance according
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US00195645A
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R Egli
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D13/00—Urinals ; Means for connecting the urinal to the flushing pipe and the wastepipe; Splashing shields for urinals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/05—Arrangements of devices on wash-basins, baths, sinks, or the like for remote control of taps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
    • E03D5/10—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl
    • E03D5/105—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl touchless, e.g. using sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S4/00—Baths, closets, sinks, and spittoons
    • Y10S4/03—Electric flushing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Electrodes are located in the appliance which has normally a water level, in a bowl. Water supply is controlled by an electromagnetically operating valve. Upon sensing of change of resistance between a pair of electrodes, for example upon bridging of the electrodes by urine, a time delay period is initiated and a relay pulls in, charging a capacitor. When the resistance between the electrodes reverts back to its normal value, discharge of the condenser is initiated through a multivibrator circuit which triggers opening of the electromagnetic valve for a predetermined period of time, to flush the bowl. In case the drain from the bowl should be obstructed, the electrodes will not revert back to their normal resistance, so that repeated flushing is inhibited.
  • the present invention relates to an automatically flushing sanitary appliance, and more particularly to a toilet, and specifically to a urinal, in which the flushing action is automatically initiated when use of the appliance has been sensed, by controlling the opening of an electromagnetically controlled valve.
  • a pair of electrodes are provided, and the resistance between the electrodes is sensed.
  • the electrodes are located in the bowl. If .the electrodes are contacted by contaminating liquid, so that the resistance between the electrode changes, a sensing circuit is activated providing a control signal which triggers a valve control circuit, when a second signal is obtained from the electrodes.
  • the second signal typically, is derived when the resistance value of the electrodes reverts back to normal, quiescent value, that is, upon cessation of flow of contaminating liquid across the electrodes.
  • the change in resistance between the electrodes must continue for a first predetermined period of time (to avoid spurious responses) before the first output signal is obtained from the sensing circuit.
  • This first output signal is used to activate, or set the multivibrator, for example to initiate charging of a condenser.
  • charging action is terminated and discharge of the condenser is permitted, the discharge of the condenser initiating flushing action.
  • discharge of the condenser triggers a monostable multivibrator, the unstable period of time of the multivibrator determinating the open period of the electromagnetic valve.
  • the resistances will not revert back to their normal value so that flushing action is inhibited, and overflow of the bowl is prevented.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a urinal, with electrodes applied thereto;
  • FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram illustrating the circuit portion of the flushing system
  • FIG. 3 is a partly schematic block circuit diagram of the circuit of the monostable multivibrator initiating flushing action.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic, perspective view of a urinal with modified electrode locations.
  • a urinal 11 has a siphon 12, in which water is normally located in a trap, having a water level 15.
  • An electrode 13 is inserted in a small recess formed, above water level, in the inner surface of the bowl.
  • a second electrode 14 is located below the normal level of the siphon water 15, within the siphon l2.
  • Electrodes 13, 14 are part of an electrode sensing circuit 24.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the circuit, schematically in block form.
  • a resistance measuring portion 21 is connected to a control portion 22, both being supplied by a power supply 23.
  • the output thereof is connected to an amplifier 25.
  • the output from amplifier 25 is connected to a relay response delay circuit, which provides an output if, and only if the signal from sensing circuit 24 persists for a predetermined period of time 1,. If this output persists, it is then applied to relay 27 (which may be a solid state circuit).
  • double-bridge circuits may be used, or different electrodes can be connected in different arms of the bridge, as well known in the art.
  • the electrodes themselves can be located, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 4, within the bowl, as will be discussed below.
  • the circuit portion 22 includes a monostable multivibrator 28, the output of which controls the coil of a control relay 29 which actuates a magnetic valve 30 which, in turn, admist water to flush the urinal.
  • Power supply 23 is connected to a power network 31. It includes a transformer 32, and a rectifier circuit 33, preferably a bridge rectifier.
  • the monostable multivibrator 28 is shown in detail in FIG. 3. If relay 27 (FIG. 2) is activated, the changeover contact 2711 (FIG. 3) changes position to that shown in FIG. 3. This causes operating potential to be applied to the capacitor 41. Capacitor 41 is charged over resistances 42, 43, diode 44, and the base-emitter path of transistor 45.
  • the coil of relay 29 will be, likewise, subject to operating potential and current will flow from the power source through the relay 29, causing it to pull in, and flushing valve 30 to be activated.
  • Condenser 41 cannot, however, charge to an opposite polarity because, as soon as condenser 41 has completely discharged, diode 44 would again become conductive, and switch-over the transistor 45.
  • the discharge time of condenser 41 is governed by the R-C circuit formed by condenser 41 and resistance 48, resistance 48 preferably being variable, so that it can be matched to water requirements and various electromagnetic valves.
  • Transistor 47 will again block, after discharge, due to absence of current through resistance 49, and stable operating conditions will again obtain.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the urinal, and particularly the siphon l2. Electrodes l6, 17, for example as semi-circular rings, are located above the water level at the inner surface of the bowl ll.
  • the relay is only energized when at least during the delay period 1,, the liquid bridges the electrodes l3, 14.
  • relay 27 Upon termination of flow of liquid between the resistances, that is, as soon as the resistances revert to normal resistance value, relay 27 will drop out, causing changeover of its contact to the open position (FIG. 3), triggering monostable multivibrator 28 in its unstable state.
  • control relay 29 is pulled in and operates the magnetic valve 30 to flush the bowl 11. Additional time delays may be incorporated in the circuit, for example between multivibrator 28 and the control relay 29, or between control relay 29 and the electromagnetic valve, to provide a brief time delay between termination of contaminating liquid and flushing action.
  • Control relay 29 has a dual function; and the one hand, it connects power from the power supply 23 to the magnetic valve 30, so that, while the control relay 29 is energized, flushing water can be admitted to bowl 11 (as well known in the art). Additionally, relay 29 interrupts current supply from power supply 23 to the sensing electrode circuit 24. This may be desirable under certain conditions, particularly when the flushing water has sufficient mineral content to lower the resistance value between the electrodes, so that the flushing water will not affect operation of the sensing circuit, and erroneously cause further flushing action to be initiated.
  • the interconnection between the sensing electrode circuit 24 and the power supply 23, controlled by the control relay 29 is not strictly necessary, since the multivibrator 28 is so constructed that separate interruption of power supply to the sensing electrode circuit, by the relay 29, is not necessary.
  • the monostable multivibrator 28 will revert into its stable state, and control relay 29 will open. This disconnects the valve 30 and no more flushing water will flow into bowl 11.
  • the resistance measuring circuit 21 is again activated, the apparatus being ready for sensing further flushing action.
  • the delay time t, of relay 27 is so set that the flushing water, which is in bowl 11 after the magnetic valve has closed, will flow out in a shorter time than the delay time t,.. This water, while it may be sensed by the sensing electrodes will not, however, cause further flushing action since the time of flow is insufficient to cause relay 27 to pull in.
  • Relay 27 can be a mechanical relay, a reed relay, or a solid-state relay, and include the time delay circuit 26.
  • the electrodes may be located at various places in the bowl. As seen in FIG. 4, electrodes l6, 17 are located, one above the other, and above the water level 15 of hte siphon water at the inner wall of bowl 11. The liquid which flows simultaneously over electrodes 16, 17, changes their electrical resistance. If this liquid flow continues for the time duration 1,, relay 27 is pulled in. As soon as no liquid simultaneously flows over electrodes I6 and 17, relay 27 drops out, thus initiating flushing action.
  • the resistance measuring elements may be electrodes exposed to the liquid, or they may be temperature sensitive devices, responsive to change in temperature upon sensing presence of a liquid.
  • the electrodes are heated to a temperature of roughly 50 C, and are located above the water level 15 of the siphon water. When liquid flows over the electrode, its temperature will change, and thus the electrical resistance thereof.
  • the change in resistance is utilized in the sensing electrode circuit to initiate flushing action.
  • at least one such electrode must be used so that reliable cooling by contaminating liquid is obtained.
  • the circuit portion 21, as well as the power supply 23, and the switching unit 22 are all contained on a single printed circuit.
  • the circuit, including power supply can be contained in a space of about 6 X 9 X 2 cm, that is, approximately the size of a pack of cigarettes, which can be plugged in directly into a connector, located beneath the bowl Ill.
  • the automatically flushing bowl 11 can thus be mounted directly on the wall, without requiring any additional installation, or location work.
  • Relay 27, and the mechanical contact 271 need not be mechanical, but may be replaced by solid-state circuitry, such as a controlled semiconductor switch, with a turn-off circuit.
  • the delay time t,, determined by the circuit 26, in the illustrative example forms part of the sensing circuit 21; it can be incorporated in the relay circuitry, in the amplifier, to effect setting, or priming of the circuit initiating flushing ac tion only after the electrodes have sensed contaminating liquid for a predetermined period of time.
  • sensing means including at least one electrode (13,14, 16, 17) located in the bowl (11), said electrode changing its resistance upon contact with contaminating liquid;
  • sensing circuit means deriving a first control signal upon such change in resistance from a predetermined value in a first direction, and a second control signal upon changes of resistance in the opposite direction and towards said predetermined value upon subsequent absence of the contaminating liquid;
  • valve control circuit (28) connected to and controlled by the first and second control signals, said valve control circuit being enabled upon having said first control signal applied thereto and providing an output control pulse upon sensing said second control signal, said output control pulse being connected to said electromagnetic valve to provide flushing action to the bowl upon occurrence of said second control pulse.
  • Appliance according to claim 1 wherein two electrodes are provided, one (13) being located above the water level (15) of the bowl (11) and another (14) below the water level.
  • Appliance according to claim 2 wherein the one of the electrodes (13) located above the water level (15) is placed along the surface of the inner wall of the bowl (11), the other electrode being located within the siphon section (12) of the appliance.
  • Appliance according to claim ,1 wherein two electrodes are provided, and one of the electrodes (13, 16) is located above the water level (15) in the bowl (11) and comprises a temperature sensitive resistance.
  • valve control circuit (28) includes a monostable multivibrator (45,47) and a charge condenser (41), the charge condenser being charged upon application of the first control signal to enable the monostable multivibrator, the monostable multivibrator being triggered into unstable state upon sensing of the second control signal.
  • change of resistance in the opposite direction comprises reversion of the electrodes to essentially said predetermined resistance value to cause generation of said second control signal, said monostable multivibrator being triggered into unstable state upon essential reversion of resistance to said predetermined value after having changed to a resistance value different from said predetermined value.
  • the sensing circuit means includes a controlled switch (27 providing charging potential to the condenser (41) after sensing of change of resistance for at least a predetermined period of time.
  • the sensing circuit means comprises a time delay circuit (26) to supply the first control signal only upon change of resistance of said sensing means for a predetermined period of time (1,).
  • valve control circuit comprises a monostable multivibrator (28), said monostable multivibrator having an R-C circuit (48,41) determining the unstable time of the monostable multivibrator, the unstable time being matched to the capacity of the bowl and the water passage of said electromagnetic valve, to effect opening of the electromagnetic valve for a predetermined flushing period, and hence flush the bowl during said flushing period.
  • Appliance according to claim 1 including power supply means (23) for said electromagnetic valve and for said sensing circuit means;
  • said sensing circuit means comprises a first timing circuit (26) and providing the first output signal after a predetermined period of time after change of resistance of said electrodes is first detected;
  • sensing circuit means providing said second output signal upon sensing said change of resistance of said electrodes in the opposite direction, the second output signal controlling said valve control circuit; and a second timing circuit (28) to provide said output control pulse for a flushing time period to cause the electromagnetic valve to provide flushing action.
  • Appliance according to claim 12, wherein the second change of resistance comprises reversion of the resistance to essentially its predetermined value to provide the second output signal after termination of sensing of contaminating liquid contacting the electrodes, to change their resistances.
US00195645A 1970-11-12 1971-11-04 Automatically flushing sanitary appliance Expired - Lifetime US3751736A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1676670A CH527979A (de) 1970-11-12 1970-11-12 Elektronisch gesteuerte Einrichtung zur automatischen Spülung von ortsfesten Flüssigkeitsbehältern

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US3751736A true US3751736A (en) 1973-08-14

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US00195645A Expired - Lifetime US3751736A (en) 1970-11-12 1971-11-04 Automatically flushing sanitary appliance

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US (1) US3751736A (xx)
CH (1) CH527979A (xx)
DE (1) DE2153344A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2114493A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1357599A (xx)
IT (1) IT940475B (xx)
NL (1) NL7115588A (xx)
SE (1) SE378124B (xx)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908204A (en) * 1974-09-06 1975-09-30 Charles L Hopkins Electronic water closet controller
US4195374A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-04-01 Acorn Engineering Co. Plumbing fixture overflow limiter
US4203173A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-05-20 Acorn Engineering Co. Overflow inhibitor for plumbing fixtures
US4366818A (en) * 1979-10-12 1983-01-04 Kimura Bed Mfg. Company Limited Vacuum type urinating aid
US4815150A (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-03-28 Bieri Pumpenbau Ag. Double-urinal flushing apparatus and method for automatic operation
US5806107A (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-09-15 Tilton & Madison, Ltd. Splatterless urinal
US6061843A (en) * 1994-03-30 2000-05-16 Keramag Keramische Werke Ag Method for automatically triggering a flushing event
US6535134B2 (en) * 1998-04-27 2003-03-18 Edo Lang Method for the generation of an electrical signal sensor device for executing the method and the use of the sensor device
US20040041110A1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-03-04 Yoshiyuki Kaneko Faucet controller
WO2004090245A1 (de) * 2003-04-09 2004-10-21 Urimat Holding Ag Erfassungsvorrichtung für ein urinal
US20080109956A1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2008-05-15 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Capacitive sensing for washroom fixture
US20100125937A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Zhongmin Chen Conductivity sensor and urinal with conductivity sensor
US20110252551A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-10-20 Xiaojing Zhang Urinal installed with a conductive sensor
US20140090720A1 (en) * 2012-10-03 2014-04-03 Ching-Yen Hsu Automatic water supply control device
US20170198468A1 (en) * 2016-01-09 2017-07-13 David R. Hall Toilet with Flush Jet Fill Tube Flow Meter
CN110185113A (zh) * 2019-05-17 2019-08-30 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种公共厕所男士立便器的控制方法
CN110206114A (zh) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-06 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 一种小便斗及堵塞判定方法、报警方法和冲洗控制方法
CN110498507A (zh) * 2019-08-16 2019-11-26 武汉理工大学 一种喀斯特山区农村污水无动力去除装置
US11346090B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2022-05-31 As America, Inc. Automated urinal

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4773863A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-09-27 Douglas Iii Louis R Amusement device for a toilet bowl or urinal
AT398792B (de) * 1991-12-20 1995-01-25 Friedmann Kg Alex Toiletteanlage
FR2712321B1 (fr) * 1993-11-09 1996-02-09 Sagelec Sarl Urinoir d'un nouveau type.
AT412353B (de) * 2003-04-18 2005-01-25 Herbert Wimberger Siphon und verfahren zur steuerung einer spülung
CN104763030A (zh) * 2015-04-15 2015-07-08 厦门理工学院 一种安全智能防异味蹲便器
DE102021126028A1 (de) 2021-10-07 2023-04-13 Wimtec Sanitärprodukte Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Ablaufüberwachung

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1335380A (en) * 1913-02-05 1920-03-30 Edgar E Littlefield Apparatus for automatic actuation of mechanisms
US3239847A (en) * 1962-12-13 1966-03-15 Idwal W Parri Automatic flushing device
US3373449A (en) * 1965-02-11 1968-03-19 Edward R. Rusnok Automatic valve actuated urinal
US3416162A (en) * 1966-07-11 1968-12-17 Contamination Control Corp Automatic flushing control mechanism
US3497876A (en) * 1966-02-23 1970-03-03 Charles Edward Williams Urinal flushing control system
US3505689A (en) * 1966-10-17 1970-04-14 Robert J Neff Electric valves
US3590397A (en) * 1969-06-20 1971-07-06 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Automatic flushing device for toilet facilities
DE2062929A1 (de) * 1969-12-23 1971-07-08 Sjoberg, Carl Axel, Göteborg (Schweden) Anordnung zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Spulwasser an sanitäre Einrichtungen
US3648298A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-03-14 Canadian Seating Co Ltd Flushing system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1335380A (en) * 1913-02-05 1920-03-30 Edgar E Littlefield Apparatus for automatic actuation of mechanisms
US3239847A (en) * 1962-12-13 1966-03-15 Idwal W Parri Automatic flushing device
US3373449A (en) * 1965-02-11 1968-03-19 Edward R. Rusnok Automatic valve actuated urinal
US3497876A (en) * 1966-02-23 1970-03-03 Charles Edward Williams Urinal flushing control system
US3416162A (en) * 1966-07-11 1968-12-17 Contamination Control Corp Automatic flushing control mechanism
US3505689A (en) * 1966-10-17 1970-04-14 Robert J Neff Electric valves
US3590397A (en) * 1969-06-20 1971-07-06 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Automatic flushing device for toilet facilities
US3648298A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-03-14 Canadian Seating Co Ltd Flushing system
DE2062929A1 (de) * 1969-12-23 1971-07-08 Sjoberg, Carl Axel, Göteborg (Schweden) Anordnung zur Steuerung der Abgabe von Spulwasser an sanitäre Einrichtungen

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908204A (en) * 1974-09-06 1975-09-30 Charles L Hopkins Electronic water closet controller
US4195374A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-04-01 Acorn Engineering Co. Plumbing fixture overflow limiter
US4203173A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-05-20 Acorn Engineering Co. Overflow inhibitor for plumbing fixtures
US4366818A (en) * 1979-10-12 1983-01-04 Kimura Bed Mfg. Company Limited Vacuum type urinating aid
US4443217A (en) * 1979-10-12 1984-04-17 Kimura Bed Mfg. Company Limited Suction type urinating aid
US4918762A (en) * 1987-03-17 1990-04-24 Bieri Pumpenbau Ag Double-urinal flushing apparatus and method for automatic operation
US4815150A (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-03-28 Bieri Pumpenbau Ag. Double-urinal flushing apparatus and method for automatic operation
US6061843A (en) * 1994-03-30 2000-05-16 Keramag Keramische Werke Ag Method for automatically triggering a flushing event
US5806107A (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-09-15 Tilton & Madison, Ltd. Splatterless urinal
US6535134B2 (en) * 1998-04-27 2003-03-18 Edo Lang Method for the generation of an electrical signal sensor device for executing the method and the use of the sensor device
US20040041110A1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-03-04 Yoshiyuki Kaneko Faucet controller
US7075768B2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2006-07-11 Toto Ltd. Faucet controller
WO2004090245A1 (de) * 2003-04-09 2004-10-21 Urimat Holding Ag Erfassungsvorrichtung für ein urinal
US8381329B2 (en) 2006-10-24 2013-02-26 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Capacitive sensing for washroom fixture
US20080109956A1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2008-05-15 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Capacitive sensing for washroom fixture
US9328490B2 (en) 2006-10-24 2016-05-03 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Capacitive sensing for washroom fixture
US20100125937A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Zhongmin Chen Conductivity sensor and urinal with conductivity sensor
US8479324B2 (en) * 2008-11-24 2013-07-09 Shanghai Kohler Electronics, Ltd. Conductivity sensor and urinal with conductivity sensor
US20110252551A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-10-20 Xiaojing Zhang Urinal installed with a conductive sensor
US8713721B2 (en) * 2009-10-30 2014-05-06 Shanghai Kohler Electronics, Ltd. Urinal installed with a conductive sensor
US20140090720A1 (en) * 2012-10-03 2014-04-03 Ching-Yen Hsu Automatic water supply control device
US8800960B2 (en) * 2012-10-03 2014-08-12 Ching-Yen Hsu Automatic water supply control device
US20170198468A1 (en) * 2016-01-09 2017-07-13 David R. Hall Toilet with Flush Jet Fill Tube Flow Meter
US10107665B2 (en) * 2016-01-09 2018-10-23 David R. Hall Toilet with flush jet fill tube flow meter
US11346090B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2022-05-31 As America, Inc. Automated urinal
US20220251814A1 (en) * 2018-01-19 2022-08-11 As America, Inc. Automated Urinal
US11739514B2 (en) * 2018-01-19 2023-08-29 As America, Inc. Automated urinal
CN110185113A (zh) * 2019-05-17 2019-08-30 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种公共厕所男士立便器的控制方法
CN110206114A (zh) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-06 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 一种小便斗及堵塞判定方法、报警方法和冲洗控制方法
CN110206114B (zh) * 2019-07-04 2020-11-17 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 一种小便斗及堵塞判定方法、报警方法和冲洗控制方法
CN110498507A (zh) * 2019-08-16 2019-11-26 武汉理工大学 一种喀斯特山区农村污水无动力去除装置
CN110498507B (zh) * 2019-08-16 2022-05-03 武汉理工大学 一种喀斯特山区农村污水无动力去除装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT940475B (it) 1973-02-10
CH527979A (de) 1972-09-15
DE2153344A1 (de) 1972-05-18
SE378124B (xx) 1975-08-18
NL7115588A (xx) 1972-05-16
FR2114493A5 (xx) 1972-06-30
GB1357599A (en) 1974-06-26

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