US3750407A - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Tunnel construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3750407A
US3750407A US00148790A US3750407DA US3750407A US 3750407 A US3750407 A US 3750407A US 00148790 A US00148790 A US 00148790A US 3750407D A US3750407D A US 3750407DA US 3750407 A US3750407 A US 3750407A
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Prior art keywords
tunnel
sleeves
internal elements
expandable
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00148790A
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English (en)
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W Heierli
R Amberg
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/157—Laggings making use of fluid cushions, e.g. the fluid containing a hardenable material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor

Definitions

  • This invention broadly relates to the construction field, and, more specifically, is directed to a new and improved method of constructing tunnels, wherein the tunnel is excavated and driven ahead in conventional manner, and the tunnel is continuously braced and lined.
  • a primary object of the instant invention is to provide a novel method of building tunnels which satisfies the existing need in the art and is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • Another and more specific object of the instant invention relates to a novel method of building tunnels in a much simpler and faster manner, also reducing the cost of the construction work.
  • Still a further significant object of the present invention relates to a novel tunnel work construction technique wherein load-carrying internal elements are installed in the tunnel as it isexcavated, and for the purpose of providing a pressure transmitting support inflatable or expandable body members are disposed between and in contact with the tunnel wall and the confronting surfaces of the internal elements.
  • Yet a further significant object of the present invention relates to a novel method of shoring-up a tunnel wall during excavation in a much simpler and more rapid and economical fashion than was heretofore possible when employing conventional tunnel construction techniques, while still allowing for tunnel drainage in a very simple and efficient manner.
  • FIG. I is a schematic cross-sectional view through a tunnel structure formed in accordance with the inventive method
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view through a tunnel wall which has been lined, and taken substantially along the line II-Il of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a modified showing in horizontal crosssectional view of a tunnel wall, similar to the sectional view of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. s is a fragmentary transverse sectional view of a tunnel, depicting filling of the hardenable filler material into the expandable sleeve members which have been inflated by air.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a cross-sectional view of a tunnel structure wherein the tunnel 11 which has just been excavated from rock or stone for instance, has been lined with load-bearing internal elements 2 and by intermediately disposing between the wall of the tunnel I and these internal elements 2 inflatable or expandable body members 3 the tunnel wall has been positively braced.
  • the tunnel structure is built in such a way that initially the actual tunnel 1 is excavated or broken out, and then as excavation proceeds the load-supporting or load-bearing internal elements 2 are installed, and between the wall of the tunnel 1 and the outside surface of these load-supporting elements 2 there are placed the expandable sleeve members 3 formed of any suitable flexible material.
  • the invention contemplates fixedly attaching the expandable sleeve members 3 to the pre-fabricated internal elements 2 at the outside surface thereof, namely the surface intended to confront the tunnel wall, prior to the time that these internal elements 2 are actually mounted into the tunnel.
  • the sleeve members 3 are then inflated with compressed air, for instance at a pressure of4 atmospheres, in order to attain in this manner a provisional shoringup or bracing of the tunnel upon the load-bearing elements 2. Owing to the flexibility of the sleeves 3 such are capable of readily accommodating themselves to any existing irregularities of the tunnel wall, in other words when the expandable sleeves are inflated they can snugly bear against the wall of the tunnel.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 there have been shown respective horizontal sectional views through a tunnel wall 1 which has been lined and supported in the abovedescribed manner.
  • At each internal element 2 there can be arranged one or more of the aforedescribed sleeve members 3.
  • sleeve members 3 At each internal element 2 there can be arranged one or more of the aforedescribed sleeve members 3.
  • PK 3 two or more such sleeve members 3 can be provided for each internal element 2.
  • a suitable protective layer or protective foil can be additionally covered with a suitable protective layer or protective foil.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the manner in which the sleeve members 3 which have initially been filled with air can be subsequently filled with a hardenable material mass, for instance fine concrete or cement mortar, through the agency of a suitable connection 4. It is advantageous if the hardenable filling is introduced into the sleeve members 3 from below towards the top thereof in order to achieve a complete filling'of the interior of these sleeve members.
  • the hardenable filler is pumped from a supply container 5 into the sleeves 3, the connection or filling studs 4 extending, for instance, through a bore or opening of the corresponding internal element into the interior of the tunnel tubbing.
  • valve 6 which is advantageously adjustable, and by means of which the intially introduced air can escape as the filling of such sleeve member with hardenable material proceeds, for instance while maintaining an adjustable pressure.
  • the valve 6 can also simultaneously function as a control for filling of the sleeve member 3, in other words as an overflow control.
  • expandable sleeve members extend in the direction of the height of the tunnel, they could also run in the direction of the length of the tunnel. It is not critical to the concepts of the invention in which direction the sleeve members extend. Basically, it is also conceivable to use, instead of expandable sleeve members or hoses, different types of fillable body elements which can be, for instance, expanded and strengthened by a chemical technique.
  • An advantage of the above-described method resides in the fact that after installation of the internal support or internal lining which is required in each instance, it is possible to very rapidly achieve a provisional support and sealing of the tunnel by expanding the fillable body members, and which when using these expandable or inflatable sleeves can be attained in a very simple manner, and by filling such with the hardenable material these sleeves can provide a final support and scaling for the tunnel.
  • the channels or troughs schematically indicated by reference numeral 8 in FIGS. 2 and 3, required for the pressureless withdrawal of the water, so that in this regard it is not necessary to resort to any further special measures.
  • the shape of the sleeves as well as their spacing from one another can be conveniently chosen in accordance with the encountered requirements.
  • a method of building a tunnel which comprises the steps of:
  • expandable body members comprised of expandable sleeves formed of flexible material between the wall of the tunnel and the surface of the internal elements facing such tunnel wall;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US00148790A 1970-06-12 1971-06-01 Tunnel construction method Expired - Lifetime US3750407A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH894070A CH514036A (de) 1970-06-12 1970-06-12 Tunnelbauverfahren

Publications (1)

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US3750407A true US3750407A (en) 1973-08-07

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US00148790A Expired - Lifetime US3750407A (en) 1970-06-12 1971-06-01 Tunnel construction method

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US (1) US3750407A (enExample)
CH (1) CH514036A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2103760A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2096227A5 (enExample)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864921A (en) * 1972-03-07 1975-02-11 Karl Marx Method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations
US3882684A (en) * 1973-09-12 1975-05-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls
US4036024A (en) * 1974-06-12 1977-07-19 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Device for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions
US4102138A (en) * 1974-06-12 1978-07-25 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions
US4124985A (en) * 1977-09-28 1978-11-14 Lembit Maimets Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel
USRE30929E (en) * 1977-09-28 1982-05-11 Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel
US4465405A (en) * 1981-04-29 1984-08-14 Gtg Gesteins- Und Tiefbau Gmbh Method and device for the backfilling of roadway supports in mine and tunnel construction with the aid of support hoses having a hardening filler
US20030145530A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2003-08-07 Cintec International Limited Shelter
US6719492B1 (en) 2002-03-22 2004-04-13 Bebotech Corporation Top arch overfilled system
US6988337B1 (en) 2002-03-22 2006-01-24 Bebotech Corporation Means and method for constructing a fully precast top arch overfilled system
US7305798B1 (en) 2002-04-25 2007-12-11 Bebo Of America Composite overfilled arch system
US20080295445A1 (en) * 2005-01-20 2008-12-04 Cintec International Limited Blast Protection Structures
US20140050531A1 (en) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-20 Ric-Man Construction, Inc. Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof
US20140125801A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2014-05-08 Tongji University On-line tunnel deformation monitoring system based on image analysis and its application
ES2525885A1 (es) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-30 Concreta Desarrollo S.L. Válvula de alivio para el bombeo de hormigón en moldes encofrantes
CN104533451A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-04-22 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 在散体碎石土及破碎围岩中的隧道超前预支护技术
ES2660055A1 (es) * 2017-10-10 2018-03-20 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Sistema de encofrado-armado inflable para ejecución de elementos de hormigón y procedimiento de ejecución de un elemento de hormigón
CN108952759A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-12-07 昆明理工大学 一种使用钢管混凝土和叠合板的隧道衬砌结构及施工方法
CN109578012A (zh) * 2018-12-13 2019-04-05 天地科技股份有限公司 一种巷道支护结构及方法
CN112240214A (zh) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-19 重庆交通建设(集团)有限责任公司 一种软岩隧道初支侵限处理方法
US11174730B2 (en) * 2019-01-08 2021-11-16 Southwest Jiaotong University Frost-resistant assembled initial support structure of tunnel and construction method thereof
US20220120183A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-21 China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH554460A (de) * 1972-07-25 1974-09-30 Sarnen Kunststoff Ag Abdichtung von bauwerken, behaeltern oder terrain gegen wasser sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung.
DE2646334C2 (de) * 1976-10-14 1984-11-15 Eisenhütte Prinz Rudolph, Zweigniederlassung der Salzgitter Maschinen und Anlagen AG, 4408 Dülmen Drahtverzugmatte für Strecken des Berg- und Tunnelbaus zur Herstellung eines Anschlusses des Ausbaus an das ihn umgebende Gebirge aus aushärtendem Hinterfüllmaterial
AT362738B (de) * 1978-01-07 1981-06-10 Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh Kunststoffschlaeuche zum ausfuellen von hohlraeumen zwischen gebirge und ausbau beim bergund tunnelbau und verfahren zum einbringen von kunststoffschlaeuchen in stollen bzw. tunnels
FR2422816A1 (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-11-09 Merckle Guy Mine gallery temporary support system - uses pressurised compartmented envelope and supports, with pressure medium replaced later by solid material
DE2923016C2 (de) * 1979-06-07 1986-10-09 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Aus miteinander verbindbaren, mit abbindefähigem Material füllbaren, flexiblen Hüllen bestehender Ausbau zum Ausfüllen von, insbesondere bergmännischen, Hohlräumen
DE3202859C2 (de) * 1982-01-29 1986-01-23 Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel Streckenausbau, insbesondere für Gruben
EP0203242A1 (fr) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-03 M.I.G.E.C. Procédé et dispositif pour la réalisation d'un soutènement continu d'un souterrain
FR2555657B1 (fr) * 1983-11-24 1987-10-30 Genie Civil Coordination Et Systeme de soutenement utilisable en travaux souterrains en complement de cadres, cintres, etc... metalliques ou autres permettant de bloquer efficacement le terrain sur toute la peripherie avec utilisation de manches en tissu permeable a l'eau rempli de coulis pompable elabore a cet usage
DE3523869C1 (de) * 1985-07-04 1986-09-25 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Streckenausbau, bestehend aus mit abbindenden Baustoffen füllbaren flexiblen Schläuchen

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2328779A (en) * 1940-10-23 1943-09-07 Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp Wall construction
US2568010A (en) * 1943-07-27 1951-09-18 Kieser Alois Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts
US3131541A (en) * 1960-08-22 1964-05-05 James E Guthrie System for relieving buried conduits of excessive pressure
US3334162A (en) * 1963-08-23 1967-08-01 Lauffer Harald Process and apparatus for lining pressure galleries
US3396545A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-08-13 Tech Inc Const Method of forming concrete bodies
US3492823A (en) * 1967-03-30 1970-02-03 Tech Inc Const Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting
US3509725A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-05-05 Harry Schnabel Jr Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels
US3524320A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-08-18 Lee A Turzillo Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2328779A (en) * 1940-10-23 1943-09-07 Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp Wall construction
US2568010A (en) * 1943-07-27 1951-09-18 Kieser Alois Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts
US3131541A (en) * 1960-08-22 1964-05-05 James E Guthrie System for relieving buried conduits of excessive pressure
US3334162A (en) * 1963-08-23 1967-08-01 Lauffer Harald Process and apparatus for lining pressure galleries
US3396545A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-08-13 Tech Inc Const Method of forming concrete bodies
US3524320A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-08-18 Lee A Turzillo Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour
US3492823A (en) * 1967-03-30 1970-02-03 Tech Inc Const Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting
US3509725A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-05-05 Harry Schnabel Jr Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864921A (en) * 1972-03-07 1975-02-11 Karl Marx Method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations
US3882684A (en) * 1973-09-12 1975-05-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls
US4036024A (en) * 1974-06-12 1977-07-19 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Device for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions
US4102138A (en) * 1974-06-12 1978-07-25 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions
US4124985A (en) * 1977-09-28 1978-11-14 Lembit Maimets Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel
USRE30929E (en) * 1977-09-28 1982-05-11 Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel
US4465405A (en) * 1981-04-29 1984-08-14 Gtg Gesteins- Und Tiefbau Gmbh Method and device for the backfilling of roadway supports in mine and tunnel construction with the aid of support hoses having a hardening filler
US20030145530A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2003-08-07 Cintec International Limited Shelter
US6719492B1 (en) 2002-03-22 2004-04-13 Bebotech Corporation Top arch overfilled system
US6922950B2 (en) 2002-03-22 2005-08-02 Bebotech Corporation Top arch overfilled system
US6988337B1 (en) 2002-03-22 2006-01-24 Bebotech Corporation Means and method for constructing a fully precast top arch overfilled system
US7305798B1 (en) 2002-04-25 2007-12-11 Bebo Of America Composite overfilled arch system
US20080295445A1 (en) * 2005-01-20 2008-12-04 Cintec International Limited Blast Protection Structures
US20140125801A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2014-05-08 Tongji University On-line tunnel deformation monitoring system based on image analysis and its application
US20140050531A1 (en) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-20 Ric-Man Construction, Inc. Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof
US9255476B2 (en) * 2012-08-17 2016-02-09 Ric-Man Construction, Inc. Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof
ES2525885A1 (es) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-30 Concreta Desarrollo S.L. Válvula de alivio para el bombeo de hormigón en moldes encofrantes
CN104533451A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-04-22 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 在散体碎石土及破碎围岩中的隧道超前预支护技术
ES2660055A1 (es) * 2017-10-10 2018-03-20 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Sistema de encofrado-armado inflable para ejecución de elementos de hormigón y procedimiento de ejecución de un elemento de hormigón
CN108952759A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-12-07 昆明理工大学 一种使用钢管混凝土和叠合板的隧道衬砌结构及施工方法
CN109578012A (zh) * 2018-12-13 2019-04-05 天地科技股份有限公司 一种巷道支护结构及方法
US11174730B2 (en) * 2019-01-08 2021-11-16 Southwest Jiaotong University Frost-resistant assembled initial support structure of tunnel and construction method thereof
CN112240214A (zh) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-19 重庆交通建设(集团)有限责任公司 一种软岩隧道初支侵限处理方法
US20220120183A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-21 China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof
US11499427B2 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-11-15 China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2103760A1 (de) 1971-12-16
FR2096227A5 (enExample) 1972-02-11
CH514036A (de) 1971-10-15

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