US3750058A - Waveguide structure utilizing compliant helical support - Google Patents

Waveguide structure utilizing compliant helical support Download PDF

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Publication number
US3750058A
US3750058A US00205796A US3750058DA US3750058A US 3750058 A US3750058 A US 3750058A US 00205796 A US00205796 A US 00205796A US 3750058D A US3750058D A US 3750058DA US 3750058 A US3750058 A US 3750058A
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United States
Prior art keywords
waveguide
section
compliant
members
conduit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00205796A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Bankert
C Willis
M Lutchansky
N Osifchin
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/14—Hollow waveguides flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices

Definitions

  • Keefauver [56] References Cited [57] ABSTIFACT UNITED STATES PATENTS A wavegulde structure hav ng a compliant effectwely contmuous support is obtamed by wrappmg an elon- 3,605,046 9/1971 Miller 333/98 R gated compliant member h as a bb tube a RZL stranded compliant member or a coiled wire around a 366 174 7/1887 11116811111111 IIII 1 74 29 x waveguide in a helical braided pattern and 2,197Z616 4 1940 Lehne et al 174 29 swing waveguide a The Pitch the 2,556,244 6/1951 Weston 174 29 helix the elastic modulus 0f the material, and 327 433 9 1g35 spalding I I 174 93 thickness of the compliant member can be varied to 1,959,368 5/1934 Kennedye.
  • This invention relates to waveguide transmission systems and in particular to a waveguide structure having a compliant effectively continuous member for supporting the waveguide within a conduit and isolating it from disturbances in the surrounding environment and for reducing weight loading induced deflections.
  • a limited degree of isolation may be achieved by simply enclosing the waveguide in a relatively large diameter conduit. When disturbances in the surrounding environment distort the conduit, the waveguide can move away from the conduit walls and thereby maintain its alignment.
  • a waveguide structure having an improved waveguide support system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,007,122 issued to F. T. Geyling on Oct. 31, I961. This patent teaches mounting the waveguide on fluid filled flexible members or bellows which are interconnected by a feeder tube and supported within a protective conduit.
  • Another object is to improve waveguide structures to eliminate distortions from the weight loading of the waveguide.
  • a waveguide structure having a waveguide supported within'a conduit by an elongated compliant member such as a rubber tube, a stranded rope or a coiled wire which is wrapped in a helical or braided pattern around the waveguide.
  • the elongated member has an outer diameter approximately equal to one-half the difference between the inner diameter of the conduit and the outer diameter of the enclosed waveguide for the helical pattern, and approximately one-quarter the difference for the braided pattern.
  • the compliant member essentially serves as a continuous support which eliminates weight deflections in the waveguide.
  • the stiffness of the support provided by the member can be varied by varying the pitch of the helix, the elastic modulus of the material, and wall thickness of the compliant member.
  • the member can be designed to bottom and thereafter provide a very stiff support to protect the waveguide from deleterious contact with the conduit when subjected to large deflecting forces.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectional view of a waveguide structure formed in accordance with this invention utilizing a simple helical pattern for the compliant support;
  • FIG. 2 is a partially sectional view of a waveguide structure utilizing a plurality of helically wrapped compliant members to form a braided compliant support;
  • FIG. 3 is a partly sectional view of a compliant rubber tube which can be used to form the helical support of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a partly sectional view of a coiled wire or rod which can be used for the helical support of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a view of a stranded rope configuration for the compliant member utilized in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a partly sectional view of a waveguide structure similar to that shown in FIG. 1 being utilized in a waveguide bend.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a waveguide structure 101 comprising a conduit 2 and a waveguide 4 supported and protected therein.
  • Conduit 2 com prises a tube of material such as steel, polyvinylchloride (PVC) or the like.
  • Waveguide 4 can comprise any of the known types of waveguide such as helix waveguide, dielectric-lined waveguide, etc., each of which normally includes a metal tube as its outer jacket.
  • Waveguide structure 101 is joined with like structures to form a continuous waveguide transmission system by connecting the ends of conduit 2 and waveguide 4 to the respective ends of the conduit and waveguide in adjacent waveguide structures.
  • a waveguide transmission system it is necessary to eliminate or minimize distortions of the waveguide resulting from thermally induced stresses and disturbances in the surrounding environment. Additionally, it is desirable to eliminate deflections or deformations of the waveguide due to its own weight loading. Possible distortions due to thermal stresses or loadings are presently controlled through the use of expansion joints. Distortions caused by disturbances in the environment can be controlled by the use of presently known waveguide support systems. However, none of the presently known support systems adequately controls deformations due to weight loading.
  • Waveguide distortions from the previously mentioned factors are eliminated or controlled within acceptable limits by supporting waveguide 4 within conduit 2 by a compliant effectively continuous support.
  • a support is obtained by utilizing a single elongated member 5 of low modulus or compliant material which is wrapped about waveguide 4 in a helical pattern as shown in FIG. 1.
  • Another embodiment of such a support is obtained by utilizing a plurality of elongated members 7 each of which is wrapped in a helical path around waveguide 4 to form a braided or intertwined support 6 as shown in FIG. 2 in structure 102.
  • Elongated member 5 can comprise a rubber tube 9 as shown in FIG. 3, a coiled member 18 as shown in FIG. 4, or a stranded member 26 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • Member 5 has an outer diameter substantially equal to one-half the difference between the inner diameter of conduit 2 and the outer diameter of waveguide 4 whereas members 7 have outer diameters substantially equal to one-fourth the difference because of the double thickness at the crosspoints 8 in the braided pattern 6. Accordingly, the outer diameters 14, 24, and 30 of members 9, 18, and 26, respectively, will depend upon the specified embodiment of the support used.
  • Members 5 and 7 center waveguide 4 within conduit 2.
  • member 9 can comprise a tube having an inner diameter 10 approximately equal to one-half of its outer diameter 14 and a resulting wall thickness 12 of approximately one-fourth the outer diameter 14. These relative dimensions are given by way of example only.
  • the low modulus compliant material in member 9 readily flattens or deforms to accommodate distortions in conduit 2 without transmitting significant stresses to waveguide 4.
  • member 18 comprises a coiled member 20 such as a coiled cord or wire.
  • Member 18 has an outer diameter 24 and an inner diameter 22 substantially equal to the outer diameter 14 and inner diameter 10, respectively, of member 9.
  • the diameter of the wire or cord 20 forming member 18 is substantially equal to the wall thickness 12 of member 9.
  • members 5 and 7 of FIGS. 1 and 2 also can comprise a stranded member 26 including a plurality of smaller members 28 such as small tubes or cords which are stranded together by well-known techniques. If hollow tubes are used for members 28, member 26 will offer substantial compliance through the deformation and flattening of these tubes. If solid cords are utilized for members 28, member 26 will still possess some compliance through the relative shifting of members 28 when a force is applied thereto. Member 26 offers some advantage over member 9 in that the interstices 32 between members 28 more effectively permit any liquid contaminant such as water to drain from low spots in conduit 2.
  • Members 9, l8, and 26 can be formed from a variety of materials.
  • a compliant material advantageously can be used.
  • compliance is provided by the coiled configuration of member 18 and accordingly, either a compliant material or a noncompliant material can be utilized. Rubber advantageously can be utilized in all of the configurations to obtain such properties as long life with good creep behavior and resistance to environmental factors such as corrosion.
  • the configurations of members 9, l8, and 26 provide a very advantageous deflection limiting action when used in support structures in a waveguide bend as illus trated in FIG. 6 with respect to the helical support similar to FIG. 1.
  • the waveguide 4 When the waveguide 4 is utilized in a route bend, it is under stress and moves toward the inside of the conduit, i.e., toward the center of curvature of the bend, thereby compressing support member 5.
  • waveguide 4 not be in substantial contact with conduit 2 itself.
  • member 5 permit as much relative motion as possible between waveguide 4 and conduit 2 and provide a low modulus support during such motion.
  • member 5 the dimensions of member 5 are chosen so that member 5 is completely flattened just before or at the time when any part of waveguide 4 first contacts conduit 2. Thereafter member 5 provides a very stiff support which prevents further movement of waveguide 4 toward conduit 2.
  • coupling flange 36 has the largest diameter of any part of waveguide 4 and will thus be the first part of waveguide 4 to contact conduit 2.
  • the dimensions of member 5 are chosen so that member 5 is completely flattened along the inner wall of conduit 2 when flange 36 first contacts conduit 2. Specifically, when tubular member 9 of FIG. 3 is utilized, it provides a low modulus support until the inner diameter 10 thereof is completely compressed and will thereafter provide a much stiffer support.
  • tubular member 9 the inner diameter 10 and wall thickness 12 of tubular member 9 are selected so that inner diameter 10 is completely compressed when flange 36 first contacts conduit 2.
  • the inner diameter 22 and the diameter of member 20 are selected so that coiled member 18 is completely compressed or flattened when flange 36 first contacts conduit 2.
  • the dimensions of stranded member 26 also can be tailored so that this member is completely compressed when flange 36 first contacts conduit 2 so that a very stiff support is provided thereafter.
  • the dimensions of the members 7 can be tailored in accordance with the foregoing description so that these members are completely compressed at crosspoints 8 when the flange first contacts conduit 2.
  • member 5 provides an essentially continuous support for waveguide 4 with respect to the length thereof but the support is periodic in the sense of angular orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis of waveguide 4.
  • deflections or distortions due to weight loading of the waveguide itself are also periodic.
  • These distortions become most troublesome when the wavelength thereof coincides with the beat wavelength of the desired mode of transmission, i.e., the T5 circular wave mode, and spurious modes such as the TM and TE modes.
  • Troublesome distortions can be substantially eliminated by selecting the pitch of the helix pattern to be smaller than the smallest beat wavelength of concern in the frequency band being utilized.
  • the pitch of the helix pattern of member can be easily varied to meet this requirement and to vary the modulus or stiffness of the support provided by member 5.
  • the support provided by the braided structure 6 of FIG. 2 is more continuous than that of FIG. 1 with respect to angular orientation, the pitch of the helix path of members 7 can still be selected to prevent any troublesome distortions.
  • Waveguide structures 1011 and 102 can be mass fabricated in a factory and shipped to the field for installs tion.
  • Members 5 or 7 can initially be wrapped about waveguide d in the desired patterns and secured in place by tape or adhesive. Waveguide 4 and members 5 or 7 are then inserted into conduit 2 and the entire unit is shipped. Members 5 and 7 allow axial slippage or movement of conduit 2 with respect to waveguide 4.
  • conduit 2 can be slipped axially along waveguide 4 to permit coupling of waveguide 4 with the adjacent waveguide section.
  • Conduit 2 is then slipped back into alignment and coupled to the corresponding adjacent conduit.
  • a waveguide structure comprises a dielectric-lined waveguide having an inner diameter of approximately 2 inches, and an outer diameter of approximately 2.3 inches.
  • a natural rubber tube having an outer diameter of one inch, a wall thickness of one-fourth inch, and a durometer reading of 50 is wound about the waveguide in a helix pattern with the pitch of the pattern being approximately l8 inches.
  • the combination of the waveguide and helically wound tube is then inserted into a steel tube conduit having an internal diameter of approximately 4.3 inches.
  • the helically wound tube provides a low modulus support for the waveguide having a foundation modulus of approximately pounds per square inch.
  • the foundation modulus is the equivalent spring constant per unit length of the continuous elastic support.
  • a waveguide structure comprising a section of waveguide which can transmit a plurality of electromagnetic wave modes, said wave modes including the TE circular wave mode and spurious wave modes having beat wavelengths with said TE wave mode at specified frequencies so that TE. mode interchanges energy with said spurious modes when said section of waveguide has mechanical deformations therein corresponding to said beat wavelengths;
  • an elongated compliant member wrapped in the form of a helix about said section of waveguide and supporting said section of waveguide within said jacket, said helix having a pitch smaller than the smallest one of said beat wavelengths so that said mechanical deformation of said waveguide resulting from weight and thermal loadings corresponding to said beat wavelengths are eliminated.
  • said elongated compliant member comprises a structure formed into a plurality of relatively closely spaced coils along the length thereof, said coils having outer diameters substantially equal to one-half the difference between the outer diameter of said waveguide and the inner diameter of said jacket so that said waveguide is supported by said coils.
  • said elongated compliant member comprises a stranded structure including a plurality of compliant tubular members.
  • Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including a plurality of said elongated compliant members each of which is wrapped in the form of a helix about said section of waveguide, a first portion of said members wrapped in a first direction about said section and a second portion of said members wrapped in a second direction about said section so as to form a structure of intertwined compliant members for supporting said waveguide.
  • said elongated compliant member includes an axial opening therethrough which is compressed when said section of waveguide deflects toward said jacket, said member providing a relatively low modulus support before said opening is completely compressed and a relatively high modulus support after said opening is completely compressed, said member having dimensions so that said opening is completely compressed when said waveguide contacts said jacket whereby further deflection of said section of waveguide toward said jacket is pre-

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US00205796A 1971-12-08 1971-12-08 Waveguide structure utilizing compliant helical support Expired - Lifetime US3750058A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5314149B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA952206A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2255851C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2162551B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1407702A (enExample)

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786379A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-01-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide structure utilizing roller spring supports
US4135466A (en) * 1976-07-15 1979-01-23 Hall Gunnar B Arrangement for dampening sound-vibrations in elongate hollow members such as masts of sailing vessels and methods for dampening sound-vibrations
US4181397A (en) * 1977-03-11 1980-01-01 Smiths Industries Limited Fibre-optic cable
US4259990A (en) * 1979-06-20 1981-04-07 Kabel-und Metallwerke, Gutehoffnungshutte A.G. Spacer in concentric tube systems
US4375313A (en) * 1980-09-22 1983-03-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Fiber optic cable and core
US4570678A (en) * 1983-04-25 1986-02-18 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh Conduit system for transporting low temperature fluids
US4659195A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-04-21 American Hospital Supply Corporation Engine inspection system
US4780267A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-10-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. In-core assembly configuration having a dual-wall pressure boundary for nuclear reactor
US4795232A (en) * 1984-07-20 1989-01-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Fibre optic cable responsive to microbending forces
US4832442A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-05-23 United Ropeworks (U.S.A.) Inc. Method and apparatus for aerial installation of fiber optic cables
US4915121A (en) * 1987-11-12 1990-04-10 Rains Robert L Coaxial piping system
US4979794A (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-12-25 Evans Mike R Friction reduction in drawing optical cable into protective tubes
US5018826A (en) * 1988-05-19 1991-05-28 U.S. Philips Corp. Roll manufactured with a light waveguide conductor
US5046674A (en) * 1988-12-24 1991-09-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of blowing a line into an empty sheath
US5127441A (en) * 1985-12-16 1992-07-07 Rains Robert L Coaxial piping system
US5742002A (en) * 1995-07-20 1998-04-21 Andrew Corporation Air-dielectric coaxial cable with hollow spacer element
US5765598A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-06-16 Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. Pipe construction
FR2764047A1 (fr) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-04 Joncoux Conduit de fumees flexible
US6323420B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2001-11-27 Philip Head Sub sea and sub surface tubing and conductors
US6702782B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-03-09 Concentric Medical, Inc. Large lumen balloon catheter
US20040079429A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-04-29 Concentric Medical, Inc. Balloon catherer
US20040178627A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-09-16 Hiromi Takasaki Double pipe and method of manufacturing the double pipe
US20050072484A1 (en) * 2003-09-12 2005-04-07 Hans-Georg Haertl Conduit for drawing off and/or supplying a fluid
US20070212003A1 (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-13 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Mid-span breakout with potted closure
US7532799B2 (en) 2007-04-12 2009-05-12 Adc Telecommunications Fiber optic telecommunications cable assembly
US7609925B2 (en) 2007-04-12 2009-10-27 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Fiber optic cable breakout configuration with tensile reinforcement
US20090308618A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated System and method for supporting power cable in downhole tubing
US20100008631A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2010-01-14 Afl Telecommunications, Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
US20100078179A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Electrocoil Tubing Cable Anchor Method
US7913718B1 (en) * 2008-01-10 2011-03-29 Cornwall Kenneth R Noise reduction system
US9355755B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2016-05-31 3M Innovative Properties Company High speed transmission cable
CN106129564A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2016-11-16 江阴凯博通信科技有限公司 一种低阻绝缘防伪电缆
CN106129565A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2016-11-16 江阴凯博通信科技有限公司 一种镀银铜导线绝缘防伪电缆
US10760392B2 (en) 2016-04-13 2020-09-01 Acceleware Ltd. Apparatus and methods for electromagnetic heating of hydrocarbon formations
US10839981B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2020-11-17 3M Innovative Properties Company High speed transmission cable
US11296434B2 (en) 2018-07-09 2022-04-05 Acceleware Ltd. Apparatus and methods for connecting sections of a coaxial line
US11410796B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2022-08-09 Acceleware Ltd. Apparatus and methods for enhancing a coaxial line
US11521765B2 (en) * 2020-03-31 2022-12-06 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Tube equipped electric wire

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FR2395617A1 (fr) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-19 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore Guide d'ondes circulaire helicoidal presentant un affaiblissement reduit en courbes dans une large bande de frequences

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Cited By (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786379A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-01-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide structure utilizing roller spring supports
US4135466A (en) * 1976-07-15 1979-01-23 Hall Gunnar B Arrangement for dampening sound-vibrations in elongate hollow members such as masts of sailing vessels and methods for dampening sound-vibrations
US4181397A (en) * 1977-03-11 1980-01-01 Smiths Industries Limited Fibre-optic cable
US4259990A (en) * 1979-06-20 1981-04-07 Kabel-und Metallwerke, Gutehoffnungshutte A.G. Spacer in concentric tube systems
US4375313A (en) * 1980-09-22 1983-03-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Fiber optic cable and core
US4570678A (en) * 1983-04-25 1986-02-18 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh Conduit system for transporting low temperature fluids
US4795232A (en) * 1984-07-20 1989-01-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Fibre optic cable responsive to microbending forces
US5127441A (en) * 1985-12-16 1992-07-07 Rains Robert L Coaxial piping system
US4659195A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-04-21 American Hospital Supply Corporation Engine inspection system
US4780267A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-10-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. In-core assembly configuration having a dual-wall pressure boundary for nuclear reactor
US4832442A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-05-23 United Ropeworks (U.S.A.) Inc. Method and apparatus for aerial installation of fiber optic cables
US4915121A (en) * 1987-11-12 1990-04-10 Rains Robert L Coaxial piping system
US5018826A (en) * 1988-05-19 1991-05-28 U.S. Philips Corp. Roll manufactured with a light waveguide conductor
US5046674A (en) * 1988-12-24 1991-09-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of blowing a line into an empty sheath
US4979794A (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-12-25 Evans Mike R Friction reduction in drawing optical cable into protective tubes
US5742002A (en) * 1995-07-20 1998-04-21 Andrew Corporation Air-dielectric coaxial cable with hollow spacer element
US5765598A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-06-16 Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. Pipe construction
FR2764047A1 (fr) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-04 Joncoux Conduit de fumees flexible
US6323420B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2001-11-27 Philip Head Sub sea and sub surface tubing and conductors
US7766049B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2010-08-03 Concentric Medical, Inc. Balloon catheter
US20040079429A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-04-29 Concentric Medical, Inc. Balloon catherer
US6702782B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-03-09 Concentric Medical, Inc. Large lumen balloon catheter
US20110172699A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2011-07-14 Concentric Medical, Inc. Balloon Catheter
US20040178627A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-09-16 Hiromi Takasaki Double pipe and method of manufacturing the double pipe
US7077165B2 (en) * 2003-02-17 2006-07-18 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Double pipe
US20060174468A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2006-08-10 Hiromi Takasaki Method of manufacturing double pipe
US20050072484A1 (en) * 2003-09-12 2005-04-07 Hans-Georg Haertl Conduit for drawing off and/or supplying a fluid
US20070212003A1 (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-13 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Mid-span breakout with potted closure
US7424189B2 (en) * 2006-03-09 2008-09-09 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Mid-span breakout with potted closure
US10784023B2 (en) 2006-08-30 2020-09-22 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
US20100008631A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2010-01-14 Afl Telecommunications, Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
US9941031B2 (en) 2006-08-30 2018-04-10 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
US10297369B2 (en) 2006-08-30 2019-05-21 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
US9589706B2 (en) 2006-08-30 2017-03-07 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA952206A (en) 1974-07-30
JPS5314149B2 (enExample) 1978-05-15
FR2162551A1 (enExample) 1973-07-20
GB1407702A (en) 1975-09-24
FR2162551B1 (enExample) 1977-04-08
JPS4864482A (enExample) 1973-09-06
DE2255851B2 (de) 1974-11-21
DE2255851A1 (de) 1973-06-14
DE2255851C3 (de) 1975-07-03

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