US3745889A - Pistons for internal combustion engines, or for compressors - Google Patents

Pistons for internal combustion engines, or for compressors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3745889A
US3745889A US00219057A US3745889DA US3745889A US 3745889 A US3745889 A US 3745889A US 00219057 A US00219057 A US 00219057A US 3745889D A US3745889D A US 3745889DA US 3745889 A US3745889 A US 3745889A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
gudgeon pin
axis
relieved
bore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00219057A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Hill
Jones D Fletcher
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Wellworthy Ltd
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Wellworthy Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
    • F16J1/16—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with gudgeon-pin; Gudgeon-pins

Definitions

  • an internal combustion engine or compressor piston is periodically subjected to a high compressive load in the direction of the piston axis.
  • This load acts upon the gudgeon pin, which in turn applies a load substantially perpendicular to both the piston axis and the axis of the gudgeon pin bore to the normally cylindrical walls of the gudgeon pin bore. These walls may thus become highly stressed, and may eventually crack. It is an object of the present invention to alleviate this problem.
  • a piston for an internal combustion engine or a compressor wherein a segment of the otherwise cylindrical wall of the gudgeon pin bore is relieved on one side only of a plane which contains the axis of the gudgeon pin bore and is parallel to the piston axis.
  • Said one side is preferably adjacent the non-thrust side of the piston.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view through the longitudinal axis of one embodiment of an internal combustion engine piston in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view, similar to that shown in FIG. 2, of another embodiment of an internal combustion engine piston in accordance with the present invention.
  • the piston shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is substantially cylindrical, and comprises a crown portion containing a combustion recess 12 in its upper surface.
  • the cylindrical surface of the crown portion 10 contains a plurality of circumferential ring grooves 14.
  • An openended skirt 16 extends downwardly from the crown portion 10 and is preferably integral therewith.
  • Two spaced-apart gudgeon pin bosses 18, also integral with the crown portion 10, depend from diametrically opposed regions thereof.
  • crown portion 10 The crown portion 10, the skirt 16 and the gudgeon pin bosses 18 are conveniently cast in one piece from aluminium or an aluminium alloy.
  • Each of the gudgeon pin bosses 18 is provided with a substantially cylindrical bore 20, as will hereinafter be described.
  • the bores 20 are coaxially aligned and together constitute a gudgeon pin bore: the axis of the gudgeon pin bore 20 is indicated at 21, and it may intersect the piston axis 22.
  • the piston is reciprocably mounted in the cylinder (not shown) of an internal combustion engine, and is joined to the crankshaft (not shown) of the engine via a cylindrical gudgeon pin 23 and a connecting rod (not shown).
  • the gudgeon pin 23 is journalled in the gudgeon pin bore 20, while the upper end of the connecting rod is journalled around the gudgeon pin 23 between the gudgeon pin bosses 18.
  • the lower end of the connecting rod is journalled upon an eccentric crank pin on the crankshaft.
  • the compressive load on the piston is transferred, via the gudgeon pin bosses 18, to the gudgeon pin 23, which in turn applies a transverse load (i.e., perpendicular to the axes 21 and 22) to the walls of the gudgeon pin bore 20.
  • This transverse load produces distortion of the gudgeon pin bosses l8 and the gudgeon pin 23.
  • the distortion is particularly pronounced with lightweight hollow gudgeon pins such as that illustrated, since they tend to ovalise under the compressive load.
  • the wall of the cylinder exerts a considerable force on the thrust face 24 of the skirt 1.6, which force is also transferred to the gudgeon pin 23.
  • the major axis of the ovalised shape adopted under load by the gudgeon pin 23 may therefore be slightly inclined to a line perpendicular to the piston axis 22 and the axis 21 of the gudgeon pin bore 20, the inclination being upwards from left to right as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • a segment 26 of the otherwise cylindrical wall is relieved on one side only of a plane which contains the axis 21 of the gudgeon pin bore 20 and is parallel to the piston axis 22.
  • This relieved portion provides space for the major axis of the ovalised shape of the gudgeon pin, and thereby reduces the tendency of the piston to crack upwards from the top of the gudgeon pin bore 20 towards the crown portion 10 of the piston.
  • the relieved segment 26 is nearer to the non-thrust face 25 of the skirt 16 than to the thrust face 24, and extends over an angle of about 80.
  • the angular midpoint of the relieved segment 26 is inclined towards the crown portion 10 of the piston from the normal to the axes 21 and 22 by about 30", so that the relieved segment 26 is nearer to the top of the gudgeon pin bore 20 than to the bottom thereof.
  • the amount of the relief 26 is substantially constant in the direction of the axis 22 of the gudgeon pin bore 20, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the relief 26 may conveniently be produced by means of a milling cutter, set to a diameter slightly smaller than that of the bore 20 and slightly offset from the axis 21.
  • Gudgeon pins also tend to curve slightly under the influence of the loads applied to their end regions by the gudgeon pin bosses and the oppositely directed load applied to their centre region by the connecting rod. This curvature further stresses the gudgeon pin bore, the effect being greatest in the portions of the bore closest to the piston axis.
  • FIG. 3 where parts similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are indicated by the same reference numerals with the suffix a, it can be seen that the amount of the relief 26a, in the respective portions of the gudgeon pin bore 20a, in each gudgeon pin boss 18a increases, axially of each portion of the bore 20a, towards the axis 22a of the piston.
  • the relief 260 may conveniently be produced, from the outside of the piston, by means of a milling cutter set to a diameter slightly smaller than that of the bore 20 and inclined at a small angle, typically 1, to the axis 21.
  • a relieved segment such as 26 or 26a in the wall of the gudgeon pin bore or 20a, on one side only of the plane which contains the axis of the bore and is parallel to the piston axis, substantially relieves the crack-forming stresses to which the bore is subjected by the gudgeon pin 23 or 23a.
  • the provision of the relieved segment on one side only of said plane is simpler and more economical than, for example, providing respective relieved segments on both sides of the plane, and in addition can give better location of the gudgeon pin under side load conditions.
  • the relieved segments 26 or 26a could be symmetrically positioned between the top and bottom of their respective gudgeon pin bores, or they could be on the other side of the plane which contains the axis of the gudgeon pin bore and is parallel to the piston axis (i.e., the side adjacent the thrust face 24 or 24a, of the skirt l6-or 1641).
  • the gudgeon pin bores of pistons other than the examples specifically described can be relieved in accordance with the present invention, for example pistons in which the axis of the gudgeon pin bore is slightly offset from the piston axis.
  • a crown portion having an upper surface, a cylindrical skirt depending from the crown portion and having diametrically opposing thrust and nonthrust sides and radially aligned gudgeon pin bosses, each of said bosses being formed with a substantially cylindrical bore in between said thrust and non-thrust sides with the bores being coaxially aligned and in which a cylindrical gudgeon pin is joumalled, a segment of the otherwise cylindrical walls of the gudgeon pin bores on the non-thrust side is relieved, the greater part of the relieved segments is on the crown side of a plane through the gudgeon pin axis and normal to the piston axis, the remainder of the bores in the bosses having a truly circular configuration.
  • the piston of claim 1 wherein the amount of the relief is substantially constant in the direction of the axis of the gudgeon pin bore.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
US00219057A 1971-02-09 1972-01-19 Pistons for internal combustion engines, or for compressors Expired - Lifetime US3745889A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB423671A GB1362262A (en) 1971-02-09 1971-02-09 Pistons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3745889A true US3745889A (en) 1973-07-17

Family

ID=9773306

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00219057A Expired - Lifetime US3745889A (en) 1971-02-09 1972-01-19 Pistons for internal combustion engines, or for compressors

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3745889A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5147809B1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2203847B2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2126711A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1362262A (enExample)
IT (1) IT950589B (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5542341A (en) * 1994-08-24 1996-08-06 Bristol Compressors, Inc. Wrist pin construction
US5653156A (en) * 1993-08-18 1997-08-05 Mahle Gmbh Light metal piston for highly stresses internal combustion engines
US20050150374A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2005-07-14 Dieter Weinkauf Piston-pin bearing for internal combustion engines
US20140352649A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2014-12-04 Mahle International Gmbh Piston

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1153817B (it) * 1980-05-20 1987-01-21 Ass Eng Italia Metodo di sagomatura di pistoni per evitare fessurazioni nell'interno delle sedi per lo spinotto
DE3120842A1 (de) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-23 Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kolbenbolzenlagerung fuer einen leichtmetallkolben von verbrennungsmotoren
EP0095052B1 (de) * 1982-05-08 1987-12-02 Mahle Gmbh Kolben-Pleuel-Verbindung für Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren
DE3217595A1 (de) * 1982-05-11 1983-11-24 Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kolben-pleuel-verbindung fuer hubkolben-verbrennungsmotoren
DE3609019C1 (en) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-10 Mahle Gmbh Method for the production of the hub hole of a trunk piston, particularly for internal combustion engines
DE3625059A1 (de) * 1986-07-24 1988-01-28 Kolbenschmidt Ag Kolben fuer kolbenmaschinen
DE4141279C5 (de) * 1991-12-14 2006-07-27 Mahle Gmbh Leichtmetallkolben für Verbrennungsmotoren mit speziell geformten Nabenbohrungen
DE4441452B4 (de) * 1994-11-22 2005-10-06 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Leichtmetallkolben für Brennkraftmaschinen
US7246552B2 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-07-24 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Piston having asymmetrical pin bore slot placement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US26764A (en) * 1860-01-10 Improvement in cotton-presses
US2387634A (en) * 1944-01-24 1945-10-23 Aluminum Co Of America Piston connection
US2388363A (en) * 1944-02-23 1945-11-06 Wright Aeronautical Corp Piston
US2990226A (en) * 1958-03-05 1961-06-27 Caterpillar Tractor Co Piston
US3006698A (en) * 1959-11-25 1961-10-31 Gen Motors Corp Bearing assembly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1013129B (de) * 1954-10-07 1957-08-01 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Kolbenbolzenlager in Pleuelstangen
GB851322A (en) * 1958-03-05 1960-10-12 Caterpillar Tractor Co Piston
US3357318A (en) * 1965-09-13 1967-12-12 Int Harvester Co Piston
DE1650206A1 (de) * 1967-08-18 1970-08-20 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Kolbenbolzenlagerung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US26764A (en) * 1860-01-10 Improvement in cotton-presses
US2387634A (en) * 1944-01-24 1945-10-23 Aluminum Co Of America Piston connection
US2388363A (en) * 1944-02-23 1945-11-06 Wright Aeronautical Corp Piston
US2990226A (en) * 1958-03-05 1961-06-27 Caterpillar Tractor Co Piston
US3006698A (en) * 1959-11-25 1961-10-31 Gen Motors Corp Bearing assembly

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5653156A (en) * 1993-08-18 1997-08-05 Mahle Gmbh Light metal piston for highly stresses internal combustion engines
US5542341A (en) * 1994-08-24 1996-08-06 Bristol Compressors, Inc. Wrist pin construction
US20050150374A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2005-07-14 Dieter Weinkauf Piston-pin bearing for internal combustion engines
US7107893B2 (en) * 2002-05-22 2006-09-19 Mahle Gmbh Piston-pin bearing for internal combustion engines
US20140352649A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2014-12-04 Mahle International Gmbh Piston
JP2015510565A (ja) * 2012-01-19 2015-04-09 マーレ インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテルハフツングＭＡＨＬＥ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ＧｍｂＨ ピストン
US9494105B2 (en) * 2012-01-19 2016-11-15 Mahle International Gmbh Piston

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT950589B (it) 1973-06-20
DE2203847B2 (de) 1981-04-09
GB1362262A (en) 1974-08-07
JPS5147809B1 (enExample) 1976-12-17
DE2203847A1 (de) 1972-08-24
FR2126711A5 (enExample) 1972-10-06

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