US3744548A - Process for forming a casting with a sliding surface by high pressure casting - Google Patents
Process for forming a casting with a sliding surface by high pressure casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3744548A US3744548A US00186352A US3744548DA US3744548A US 3744548 A US3744548 A US 3744548A US 00186352 A US00186352 A US 00186352A US 3744548D A US3744548D A US 3744548DA US 3744548 A US3744548 A US 3744548A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- particles
- mold
- binding agent
- sliding surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 47
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo]=O QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 stealite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/04—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling
- F02F1/06—Shape or arrangement of cooling fins; Finned cylinders
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A process for forming a sliding surface of a casting by a high pressure casting operation in which particles of any material suitable for improving the lubricating property, wear resisting property or the like of the sliding surface are adhered, in .the form of a layer, by a binding agent of synthetic resin to a surface of a casting mold that is to form the sliding surface of the'cast product.
- the casting material is supplied under high pressure into the casting mold to effect casting and to transfer the particles from the mold to the cast product
- the resin binding agent is burned by the casting material and serves as a release agent.
- the casting be a high-pressure casting such as die casting. If the casting is an ordinary shell mold or metallic mold casting, when molten metal has entered the casting mold, the binding agent is decomposed by the heatto generate gas and there takes place a so-called blowing" and a firm attachment of the particles with the casting product cannot be obtained.
- the casting is a high pressure casting such as die casting
- the molten metal fills the casting mold instantly and penetrates, owing to its high pressure, among the particles combined together by the binding agent so that the particles are transferred to the metal, and the molten metal is then solidified rapidly, and accordingly there is not caused blowing by the thermal decomposed gas.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of a die casting apparatus for casting the product of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a enlarged sectional side view of a portion of the core metallic mold of the apparatus.
- FIG. 1 a lubricating and/or wear-resisting layer 2 formed on the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder I.
- a metallic core mold 6 is arranged in a casting mold 3 comprising a stationary metallic mold 4 and a movable metallic mold 5 of a die casting apparatus, and particles 8 of graphite, iron, molybdenum or the like are adhered tothe outer surface of core mold 6 by a layer of binding agent 7 chiefly composed of synthetic resin so that a layer of the particles is formed thereon.
- the binding agent may be, for example, a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin, an epoxy resin or the like dissolved in a solvent such as alcohol or the like, and the binding agent is applied to the outer surface of the core mold 6 by means of soaking, painting, spraying or the like, whereafter the particles 8 are adhered thereto.
- the particles 8 are 0.3 to 1.5 mms in size, and the binding agent layer 7 having the particles 8 adhered thereto is then heated to, for example, about 200 C for curing thereof.
- sprayed metal particles are fused and combined together to form a metal layer, so that the metal layer is cast in the casting metal.
- This process has the disadvan tage that the core mold is limited to use of a breakable material such as a sand mold so as to be removable after the casting operation, so that the same is not suitable fora casting operation requiring accuracy in size such as die casting.
- the core mold and the particles are combined together through the binding agent and this binding agent is burned, so that the binding agent serves as a mold releasing agent and the core can be easily removed. Additionally, since the particles are combined with the core through the binding agent, the particles may be metallic or non-metallic.
- metallic particles such as molybdenum, cobalt,
- particles of any desired material excellent in lubricating property or wear resisting property or the'like are adhered in the form of a layer through a binding agent of synthetic resin to such a portion of a casting mold that is to form a sliding surface of a cast product, and the particle layer is then firmly combined with'the metal surface of the casting by high pressure casting, whereby the casting product can be easily provided with a sliding surface having excellent lubricating property, and/or wear resisting property or the like.
- synthetic resin is used as the binding agent, any desired particles, regardless of whether metallic or non-metallic, can be used for forming the particle layer, and the binding agent is burned to serve as a mold releasing agent for facilitating the mold releasing operation.
- an excellent casting process for forming a sliding surface having lubricating property and/or wear resisting property or the like can be provided.
- a process for forming a cast surface which is to be slidable with respect to another surface comprising providing a casting mold having a surface against which the casting material is to come into contact to form said cast surface, adhering particles onto the surface of the casting mold by a binding agent of synthetic resin and effecting die casting by injecting the casting material under pressure into the mold (a) to transfer said particles from the surface of the casting mold onto the cast surface and (b) to burn said binding agent and cause the latter to remain as a release agent enabling separation of the cast product from the mold.
- a process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said particles are graphite, stealite, mica, molybdenum dioxide, lead, bismuth, lead sulfide, lead oxide, tin oxide or fluorite.
- binding agent is an epoxy or phenol resin.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A process for forming a sliding surface of a casting by a high pressure casting operation in which particles of any material suitable for improving the lubricating property, wear resisting property or the like of the sliding surface are adhered, in the form of a layer, by a binding agent of synthetic resin to a surface of a casting mold that is to form the sliding surface of the cast product. The casting material is supplied under high pressure into the casting mold to effect casting and to transfer the particles from the mold to the cast product. The resin binding agent is burned by the casting material and serves as a release agent.
Description
United States Patent 1 Ikeda et al.
[4 1 July 10, 1973 [54] PROCESS FOR FORMING A CASTING WITH A SLIDING SURFACE BY HIGH PRESSURE CASTING [75] Inventors: Kazunori Ikeda, Tsurugajima;
Takeo Arai, Tokyo;
Kiyohisa Iwata; Tsuneo Kishida, both of Suzuka; Takuo Yamamura, Saitama; Taichiro Kayama, Yamato, all of Japan [73] Assignee: Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan [22] Filed: Oct. 4, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 186,352
[30] Foreign Application. Priority Data Oct. 3, 1970 Japan .Z 45/8637970 [52] US. Cl. 164/97 [51] Int. Cl B22d 19/08 [58] Field Of Search 164/97 [56] 0 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,072,026 9/1913 Morris 164/97 2,260,593 10/1941 Wittlinger et al 164/97 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,949,777 l/1970 Germany 164/97 Primary Examiner-Robert D. Baldwin Att0rneyEric H. Waters et al.
[57] ABSTRACT A process for forming a sliding surface of a casting by a high pressure casting operation in which particles of any material suitable for improving the lubricating property, wear resisting property or the like of the sliding surface are adhered, in .the form of a layer, by a binding agent of synthetic resin to a surface of a casting mold that is to form the sliding surface of the'cast product. The casting material is supplied under high pressure into the casting mold to effect casting and to transfer the particles from the mold to the cast product The resin binding agent is burned by the casting material and serves as a release agent.
9 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENIEU JUL 1 men WV 1 M PROCESS FOR FORMING A CASTING WITH A SLIDING SURFACE BY HIGH PRESSURE CASTING SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION tion of a mold to form the sliding surfaceportion of a cast product, and the material to be cast is supplied under high pressure into the mold.
It has been attempted to use an aluminum alloy for producing the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, but cylinders of this kind are poor in lubricating property and have a strong tendency to cause such dis- LII 2 the surface thereof which comes in" contact with the core metallic mold 6. It is essential to this invention that the casting be a high-pressure casting such as die casting. If the casting is an ordinary shell mold or metallic mold casting, when molten metal has entered the casting mold, the binding agent is decomposed by the heatto generate gas and there takes place a so-called blowing" and a firm attachment of the particles with the casting product cannot be obtained. If, however, the casting is a high pressure casting such as die casting, the molten metal fills the casting mold instantly and penetrates, owing to its high pressure, among the particles combined together by the binding agent so that the particles are transferred to the metal, and the molten metal is then solidified rapidly, and accordingly there is not caused blowing by the thermal decomposed gas. Thus, the binding agent layer 7 is firmly embedded advantages as biting, seizing, etc. in thecourse of slid- BRIED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING F IG. 1 is a fragmental sectional side view of a cylin- 'der having a sliding surface according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of a die casting apparatus for casting the product of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a enlarged sectional side view of a portion of the core metallic mold of the apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the accompanying drawing therein is shown in FIG. 1 a lubricating and/or wear-resisting layer 2 formed on the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder I. In order to form layer 2, a metallic core mold 6 is arranged in a casting mold 3 comprisinga stationary metallic mold 4 and a movable metallic mold 5 of a die casting apparatus, and particles 8 of graphite, iron, molybdenum or the like are adhered tothe outer surface of core mold 6 by a layer of binding agent 7 chiefly composed of synthetic resin so that a layer of the particles is formed thereon. The binding agent may be, for example, a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin, an epoxy resin or the like dissolved in a solvent such as alcohol or the like, and the binding agent is applied to the outer surface of the core mold 6 by means of soaking, painting, spraying or the like, whereafter the particles 8 are adhered thereto. The particles 8 are 0.3 to 1.5 mms in size, and the binding agent layer 7 having the particles 8 adhered thereto is then heated to, for example, about 200 C for curing thereof.
After the core mold 6 thus prepared isplaced in the casting mold 3, molten aluminum alloy is injected under high pressure into the mold 3 through a runner 9, whereupon the casting product 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained in which the particles 8 are embedded in which casting is effected. But in this process, the
sprayed metal particles are fused and combined together to form a metal layer, so that the metal layer is cast in the casting metal. This process has the disadvan tage that the core mold is limited to use of a breakable material such as a sand mold so as to be removable after the casting operation, so that the same is not suitable fora casting operation requiring accuracy in size such as die casting.
In this-invention, the core mold and the particles are combined together through the binding agent and this binding agent is burned, so that the binding agent serves as a mold releasing agent and the core can be easily removed. Additionally, since the particles are combined with the core through the binding agent, the particles may be metallic or non-metallic.
Forimproving the wear resisting property, there are used metallic particles such as molybdenum, cobalt,
iron, manganese, silicon etc.; metallic oxide particles such as aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide etc.; nitride particles such as boron nitride etc.; and carbide particles such as silicon carbide etc. For improving the lubricating property, there can be used graphite, mica, steatite, molybdenum dioxide, lead, bismuth, lead sulfide, lead oxide, tin oxide, and fluorite.
Thus, according to this invention, particles of any desired material excellent in lubricating property or wear resisting property or the'like are adhered in the form of a layer through a binding agent of synthetic resin to such a portion of a casting mold that is to form a sliding surface of a cast product, and the particle layer is then firmly combined with'the metal surface of the casting by high pressure casting, whereby the casting product can be easily provided with a sliding surface having excellent lubricating property, and/or wear resisting property or the like. Additionally, since synthetic resin is used as the binding agent, any desired particles, regardless of whether metallic or non-metallic, can be used for forming the particle layer, and the binding agent is burned to serve as a mold releasing agent for facilitating the mold releasing operation. Thus, an excellent casting process for forming a sliding surface having lubricating property and/or wear resisting property or the like can be provided.
What is claimed is:
l. A process for forming a cast surface which is to be slidable with respect to another surface, said process comprising providing a casting mold having a surface against which the casting material is to come into contact to form said cast surface, adhering particles onto the surface of the casting mold by a binding agent of synthetic resin and effecting die casting by injecting the casting material under pressure into the mold (a) to transfer said particles from the surface of the casting mold onto the cast surface and (b) to burn said binding agent and cause the latter to remain as a release agent enabling separation of the cast product from the mold.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles have lubricating property.
3. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said particles are graphite, stealite, mica, molybdenum dioxide, lead, bismuth, lead sulfide, lead oxide, tin oxide or fluorite. 1
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles have wear resistant properties.
5. A process as claimed in claim 4 wherein said particles are a metal, a metal oxide, a metal nitride or a metal carbide.
6A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are metallic.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are non-metallic.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said binding agent is an epoxy or phenol resin.
9. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are formed of a size between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.
Claims (8)
- 2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles have lubricating property.
- 3. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said particles are graphite, stealite, mica, molybdenum dioxide, lead, bismuth, lead sulfide, lead oxide, tin oxide or fluorite.
- 4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles have wear resistant properties.
- 5. A process as claimed in claim 4 wherein said particles are a metal, a metal oxide, a metal nitride or a metal carbide.
- 6. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are metallic.
- 7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are non-metallic.
- 8. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said binding agent is an epoxy or phenol resin.
- 9. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are formed of a size between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP45086379A JPS5036419B1 (en) | 1970-10-03 | 1970-10-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3744548A true US3744548A (en) | 1973-07-10 |
Family
ID=13885229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00186352A Expired - Lifetime US3744548A (en) | 1970-10-03 | 1971-10-04 | Process for forming a casting with a sliding surface by high pressure casting |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3744548A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5036419B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA945734A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2148731A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3903951A (en) * | 1972-01-14 | 1975-09-09 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing aluminum alloy cylinders and cylinder liners for internal combustion engines |
| US4120613A (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1978-10-17 | Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein Gmbh | Pump for molten lead, particularly injection pump used in the manufacture of storage battery plates |
| US20080185079A1 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-07 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Lubricant for elevated temperature forming |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4040975A1 (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-06-25 | Audi Ag | Cylinder block prodn. of light metal alloy - comprising application of an abrasion resistant coating to the support collars |
| JP2013173183A (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2013-09-05 | Yushiro Chemical Industry Co Ltd | Die release agent composition |
-
1970
- 1970-10-03 JP JP45086379A patent/JPS5036419B1/ja active Pending
-
1971
- 1971-09-29 DE DE19712148731 patent/DE2148731A1/en active Pending
- 1971-10-01 CA CA124,209A patent/CA945734A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-10-04 US US00186352A patent/US3744548A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3903951A (en) * | 1972-01-14 | 1975-09-09 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing aluminum alloy cylinders and cylinder liners for internal combustion engines |
| US4120613A (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1978-10-17 | Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein Gmbh | Pump for molten lead, particularly injection pump used in the manufacture of storage battery plates |
| US20080185079A1 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-07 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Lubricant for elevated temperature forming |
| US7730753B2 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2010-06-08 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Lubricant for elevated temperature forming |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA945734A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
| DE2148731A1 (en) | 1972-04-13 |
| JPS5036419B1 (en) | 1975-11-25 |
| AU3402571A (en) | 1973-04-05 |
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