US3744327A - Motion transformer - Google Patents

Motion transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3744327A
US3744327A US00246580A US3744327DA US3744327A US 3744327 A US3744327 A US 3744327A US 00246580 A US00246580 A US 00246580A US 3744327D A US3744327D A US 3744327DA US 3744327 A US3744327 A US 3744327A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
enclosure
motion
ratchet wheel
side members
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00246580A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Hetzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omega Louis Brandt and Frere SA
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Omega Louis Brandt and Frere SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Omega Louis Brandt and Frere SA filed Critical Omega Louis Brandt and Frere SA
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Publication of US3744327A publication Critical patent/US3744327A/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G04B11/02—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction
    • G04B11/04—Pawl constructions therefor, e.g. pawl secured to an oscillating member actuating a ratchet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/101—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/15—Intermittent grip type mechanical movement
    • Y10T74/1526—Oscillation or reciprocation to intermittent unidirectional motion
    • Y10T74/1529—Slide actuator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/15—Intermittent grip type mechanical movement
    • Y10T74/1526—Oscillation or reciprocation to intermittent unidirectional motion
    • Y10T74/1553—Lever actuator
    • Y10T74/1555—Rotary driven element
    • Y10T74/1556—Multiple acting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/1856—Reciprocating or oscillating to intermittent unidirectional motion

Definitions

  • a motion transformer for converting oscillatory to PP N03 246,580 rotary motion comprising (a) an enclosure including a base plate, a cover plate, and side members, all of [30] Foreign Applicatio priority Data which are substantially rigid, (b) a ratchet wheel within Ma 5 1971 Switzerland 6688/71, the enclosure mounted for both oscillatory and rotary y motion, (0) a pair of stops limiting the amplitude of [52] U S C] 74,128 58/23 D 58/23 TF such oscillatory motion, (d) a ratchet pawl coacting 58 V 43 92/60 310/25 331/156 with the ratchet wheel and a restraining member preventing retrograde rotation thereof to convert oscillatory motion thereof to uni-directional rotary motion, and (e) a liquid filling the space in said enclosure, a variable volume sealing chamber is
  • the side members of the enclosure UNITED STATES PATENTS are preferably configured to fit in closely spaced rela- 2,856,239 l0/ 1958 Dacus 74/DlG. 4 tion about the ratchet wheel, to minimize the volume 3,216,198 BIOOlCSHU X of the chamber the enclosure 3,691,754 9/1972 Hetzel 74/88 X 10 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures 22 23 1 1s 12 ii- 7 KA/V/Al 1 'r /z x ⁇ R 1 5? T I L ⁇ l l ⁇ ) ⁇ ' I r' ⁇ / K ///V l// /V, X //,L// V/ I) I I l I 1:9 2s 20 u.
  • FIG.3 3 32 MOTION TRANSFORMER RELATED APPLICATION This application describes an improvement of the motion transformer mechanism disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 88,715 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,691,754.
  • This invention relates to motion transformers, especially for use in timepieces such as wrist watches, for converting oscillatory or reciprocating motion to rotary motion.
  • the invention pertains particularly to motion transformers comprising a ratchet wheel mounted in an enclosure so that it can oscillate back-and-forth through a limited path of travel and alsorotate substantially about its center axis, and further comprising stops to limit the amplitude of the back-and-forth oscillatory motion, and a pawl and coacting with the ratchet-wheel teeth and a restraining member to prevent retrograde rotation thereof to cause the ratchet wheel to rotate unidirectionally at a velocity determined by the frequency of the oscillations.
  • the rotating ratchet wheel is coupled magnetically to the drive gear in a watch or other timepiece gear train, and is attracted by such magnetic coupling toward the base plate of the enclosure.
  • the enclosure is filled with a liquid such as a low viscosity, e.g., one centistoke, lubricating oil.
  • a common type of electric (battery-energized) wrist watch utilizes a vibratory element which is electrically driven at a predetermined accurate (usually resonant) frequency.
  • the vibratory back-and-forth motion of this element must be converted by a motion transformer to rotary motion by which the gear train of the timepiece can be actuated.
  • a driving pawl attached to the vibrator and aligned in the vibration direction, which pawl engages the teeth of a ratchet wheel.
  • the pivot axis of the latter is stationary relative to the vibrator.
  • a restraining pawl likewise engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel to prevent reverse motion, the fixed end of this restraining pawl likewise being stationary relative to the vibrator.
  • the operating frequency of vibrators of the described type is usually in the range from 200 to 700 oscillations per second.
  • the diameter of the ratchet wheel generally is about 1 to 3 mm. (0.040 to 0.120 inch).
  • ratchet wheel rotation axis and restraining pawl are located in generally relatively far apart on the watch base plate and are subject to relative displacement by both thermal and mechanical effects.
  • This entire ratchet wheel assembly in a suitable enclosure is mounted directly on or otherwise is directly connected to the vibrator so that it vibrates therewith. Since pawls and stops are mounted in close proximity on the assembly enclosure, this motion transformer is relatively insensitive to loss of adjustment due to thermal effects or mechanical shock, and its design is such that the speed of rotation of the ratchet wheel is dependent only on the frequency of oscillation of the vibrator and is essentially independent of the amplitude of such oscillation.
  • the basic design and mode of operation of this improved motion transformer is described in greater detail in the aforesaid US. application Ser. No. 88,715.
  • the ratchet wheel be free to oscillate and rotate with minimum frictional losses and with minimum interferences from dust or other foreign body particles that may inadvertently be present in the ratchet wheel enclosure. For this reason it is desirable to fill the ratchet wheel enclosure with a suitable lowviscosity liquid, such as a light oil of, say, one centistoke viscosity.
  • a suitable lowviscosity liquid such as a light oil of, say, one centistoke viscosity.
  • the invention accordingly, relates to a motion transformer for converting oscillatory motion to rotary motion comprising an enclosure including a base plate, a cover plate, and side members, all of which are subthereof to convert oscillatory motion of the ratchet wheel to unidirectional rotary motion, and a liquid filling the space in said enclosure about said ratchet wheel, stops, pawl and restraining member.
  • the invention provides, in such a motion transformer, a variable volume sealing chamber bonded to the enclosure in communication with and hermetically sealing the liquid in the enclosure, while yielding to thermal expansion and contraction of such liquid.
  • variable volume sealing chamber is formed by a yieldable diaphragm bonded to the enclosure and defining an expansion chamber communicating with the interior of the enclosure.
  • variable volume sealing chamber comprises a bellows bonded to the enclosure and defining an expansion chamber communicating with the interior of the enclosure.
  • the diaphragm, or bellows preferably is bonded to the exterior of the cover plate and the variable volume expansion chamber defined thereby communicates with the interior of the ratchet wheel enclosure through one or more openings in the cover plate.
  • the volume of the ratchet wheel enclosure is made as small as possible by configuring the side members of the enclosure to fit in closely spaced relation about the ratchet wheel.
  • the side members may be configured to form a substantially cylindrical enclosure chamber only slightly larger in diameter than required to accommodate oscillatory motion of the ratchet wheel.
  • Such side members may further define a substantially tangential channel to receive the ratchet pawl; and when the restraining member is itself a second pawl, they may define a second tangential channel to receive it also.
  • the side members further may be formed with additional channels in which the stops are received and fixed in proper spaced relation relative to the ratchet wheel.
  • Such design makes it possible to use two substantially identically configured side members which can be bonded together and to the base and cover plates to form a hermetically sealed enclosure (except for openings communicating with the variable volume chamber) and at the same time to facilitate accurate alignment of stops, pawls and ratchet wheel.
  • the motion transformer 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 constitutes a unitary assembly mounted in an enclosure formed of base plate 14 and cover plate 16 joined by side members 2 (FIG. 2) and hermetically sealed after assembly and adjustment.
  • the assembly is mounted on a vibratory member which is caused to vibrate at a predetermined frequency by a batteryenergized electronic circuit, as is well understood in the electric timepiece art.
  • the mounting of the motion transformer of FIG. 1 on such vibratory member is such as to cause the assembly to oscillate back-and-forth in the direction indicated by the arrows 22 and 23.
  • the motion transformer mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel 3 provided with ratchet teeth (fragmentarily indicated at 17 in FIG. 2).
  • the ratchet wheel is not secured in place by a fixed pivot or shaft, but instead is free to oscillate within the enclosure through a limited path of back-and-forth travel in the directions indicated by the arrows 25, 26, and also to rotate substantially about its center. Oscillation of the entire motion transformer assembly by the vibratory member on which it is mounted causes the ratchet wheel, because of its inertia, to oscillate correspondingly within and relative to the enclosure.
  • a first pawl arm 5 terminates at one end in a pawl jewel 6 which engages the ratchet wheel teeth and is fastened at its other end to the enclosure base plate.
  • a restraining member in the form of a second pawl arm 8 is provided at one end with a pawl jewel 9 which engages the ratchet wheel teeth and is attached at its other end to the enclosure base plate.
  • the pawl jewels 6 and 9 engage the ratchet wheel at substantially diametrically opposite positions, approximately perpendicularly to the direction of oscillation of the ratchet wheel.
  • a pair of stop members 11 and 12 secured in channels 13 in the side members 2 limit the maximum path of travel of the ratchet wheel in its back-and-forth oscillation.
  • the pawls compel rotation of the ratchet wheel (in a clockwise direction in the apparatus of FIG. 2), as is described in detail in the above-mentioned US. application Ser. No. 88,715 now US. Pat. No. 3,691,754.
  • the side members 2 are configured so as to provide a generally cylindrical chamber 19 the walls of which are closely spaced relative to the ratchet wheel 3 and allow only slightly more than enough space for the latter to execute its oscillatory motion between the stops l1 and 12.
  • the volume of the chamber 19 is minimized.
  • the pawl arms 5 and 8 are received in narrow channels or boxes formed in the side members 2 and extending tangentially from the main cylindrical portion of the chamber 19.
  • the two side members 2 are of identical configuration and abut along projections of the center lines of the tangential channels in which the pawl arms 5 and 8 are received.
  • these side members are bonded together (by an adhesive, for example) where they abut, and are bonded to the base plate 14 and cover plate 16 they form a hermetically sealed chamber 19 except for the provision of openings 32 which provide for communication with a variable volume sealing chamber.
  • the chamber 19 is of minimum dimensions to adapt it to the dimensions of the ratchet wheel 3 and the pawls 5 and 8.
  • the chamber 19 is entirely filled with a liquid such as a low viscosity lubricating oil.
  • This minimum volume of the chamber 19 is important in order to reduce to a minimum the effect of volume changes of the liquid which are caused by temperature changes and which may exceed by a power of ten those of the solid parts forming the chamber 19 (i.e., the side members 2 and the base and cover plates 14 and 16).
  • the apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a discshaped diaphragm 30 which is sealed exteriorly to the periphery of the cover plate 16.
  • a variable volume expansion chamber 31 thereby is formed between this diaphragm 30 and the cover plate 16; and this expansion chamber communicates with the ratchet wheel enclosure chamber 19 by way of openings 32.
  • the solid-line profile of the diaphragm 30 shows its central position when both the enclosure chamber 19 and expansion chamber 31 are completely filled with the liquid at a normal temperature (say atmospheric temperature), while the dash-and-dot line shows the diaphragm at a raised temperature, e.g., up to 50 or 60 C.
  • a normal temperature say atmospheric temperature
  • the dash-and-dot line shows the diaphragm at a raised temperature, e.g., up to 50 or 60 C.
  • a bellows 34 with a relatively rigid end closure 36 may define the expansion chamber.
  • the bellows move up and down, as indicated in FIG. 3 by the solid line and the dash-and-dot line.
  • the interior of the expansion chamber within the bellows and the enclosure chamber 19 are filled with liquid, and communicate through openings 32 in the cover plate, to the upper surface of which the bellows is adhesively bonded.
  • variable volume chambers to accommodate expansion and contraction of the liquid filling the chamber 19 may be provided.
  • a flexible rubber-elastic closure may be applied over the openings 32, or a rigid-walled chamber containing a compressible and expansible member may be provided to accommodate expansion and contraction of the liquid.
  • a flexible solid member such as the diaphragm 30 or the bellows 34, it may be closed with an immiscible liquid or other flowable material of high viscosity which follows the liquid level in the expansion chamber and is retained in place by adhesion or surface tension.
  • the ratchet wheel 3 is made of magnetic material of high coercivity, such as platinum-cobalt alloy, and is permanently magnetized. Thereby it is magnetically attracted to and coupled with a fixedly pivoted magnetic wheel (not shown) which may be the drive gear of a timepiece gear train and which is mounted externally of the enclosure in parallel relation with and directly below the base plate 14. Not only does the magnetic coupling of the ratchet wheel to the external fixed pivot wheel provide for driving the latter by rotation of the former, but it also causes the ratchet wheel to be attracted toward the base plate 14 and away from the cover plate 16.
  • a fixedly pivoted magnetic wheel not shown
  • the magnetic coupling of the ratchet wheel to the external fixed pivot wheel provide for driving the latter by rotation of the former, but it also causes the ratchet wheel to be attracted toward the base plate 14 and away from the cover plate 16.
  • the cover plate 16 normally is not touched by the freely moving ratchet wheel 3, the cover plate is provided with means to limit axial deflection of the ratchet wheel away from the base plate.
  • Such means is in the form of a disc 18 which preferably, like the base plate 14 and the cover plate 16, is made of a hard non-magnetic material such as jewel stone, e.g., ruby, and which, since it is ground to a lamina, is transparent.
  • the ratchet wheel 3 is provided with three or more supports 20, mounted at equi-angular positions, which may be glued or cemented to the wheel 3.
  • Three supports 20 of this type advantageously are provided, thus ensuring a reliable and neat mounting of the ratchet wheel 3 on the base 14.
  • FIG. 1 also shows by way of the arrows 22 and 23 the directions in which the vibrator imparts back-and-forth oscillation to the entire motion transformer l.
  • Arrows 25 and 26 show the direction of the oscillatory movement of the ratchet wheel 3 relative to its enclosure, a movement which depends on the inertia of the ratchet wheel 3 and which is controlled by the pawls 5 and 8 with pawl stones 6 and 9, and by the stop members 11 and 12, in such a way that the ratchet wheel is made to rotate in one direction (clockwise, as viewed in FIG. 2).
  • the entire motion transformer 1 is, for example, connected to a tuning fork, which imparts to it a translatory motion alternately in the direction of the arrows 22 and 23.
  • the ratchet wheel 3 due to its inertia, will lag behind when the enclosure moves in the direction of the arrow 22, with the result that it will move relative to the enclosure in the direction of the arrow 26 until its corresponding tooth or teeth run up against the stop 12.
  • a motion transformer for converting oscillatory motion to rotary motion comprising an enclosure including a base plate, a cover plate, and side members, all of which are substantially rigid, a ratchet wheel within said enclosure mounted both for oscillatory back-and-forth motion substantially on a diameter thereof and for rotary motion substantially about its center, a pair of stops fixedly mounted for limiting the amplitude of the oscillatory motion of the ratchet wheel within the enclosure, a ratchet pawl coacting with said ratchet wheel and a restraining member preventing retrograde rotation thereof to convert oscillatory motion of said ratchet wheel to unidirectional rotary motion, and a liquid filling the interior of said chamber about said ratchet wheel, stops, pawl and restraining member, the improvement comprising a variable volume sealing chamber bonded to said enclosure in communication with and hermetically sealing said liquid in the enclosure while yielding to thermal expansion and contraction of said liquid.
  • variable-volume sealing chamber is formed by a yieldable diaphragm bonded to said enclosure and defining an expansion chamber communicating with the interior of said enclosure.
  • variable volume sealing chamber comprises a bellows bonded to said enclosure and defining an expansion chamber communicating with the interior of said enclosure.
  • a motion transformer according to claim 2 wherein the diaphragm is bonded to the exterior of the cover plate and the expansion chamber defined thereby communicates with the interior of the enclosure through at least one opening in the cover plate.
  • a motion transformer according to claim 6 wherein the side members are configured to form a substantially cylindrical enclosure chamber only slightly larger in diameter than required to accommodate oscillatory motion of the ratchet wheel and to define at least one substantially tangential channel to receive the ratchet pawl.
  • a motion transformer according to claim 6 wherein two substantially identically configured side members are bonded together and to the base and cover plates to form the enclosures.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
US00246580A 1971-05-05 1972-04-24 Motion transformer Expired - Lifetime US3744327A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH668871A CH537037A (de) 1971-05-05 1971-05-05 Schwingungsmotor für Zeitmessgerät

Publications (1)

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US3744327A true US3744327A (en) 1973-07-10

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US00246580A Expired - Lifetime US3744327A (en) 1971-05-05 1972-04-24 Motion transformer

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US (1) US3744327A (de)
CH (2) CH668871A4 (de)
DE (1) DE2210390A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2135202B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3860844A (en) * 1972-02-28 1975-01-14 Suisse Horlogerie Low friction miniature gear drive for transmitting small forces
US3937003A (en) * 1973-11-28 1976-02-10 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag Electric clock
US4080781A (en) * 1975-06-04 1978-03-28 Hans Ulrich Klingenberg Electronic wrist watch

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2856239A (en) * 1955-05-20 1958-10-14 Bill Jack Scient Instr Co Means for suspending rotatable objects in space
US3216198A (en) * 1963-07-03 1965-11-09 Gen Motors Corp Fluid reservoir for a master cylinder assembly
US3691754A (en) * 1969-11-13 1972-09-19 Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis Vibratory drive systems

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1256784B (de) * 1964-01-11 1967-12-21 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Luftdichter Abschluss der OElfuellung von elektrischen Geraeten, insbesondere Transformatoren

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2856239A (en) * 1955-05-20 1958-10-14 Bill Jack Scient Instr Co Means for suspending rotatable objects in space
US3216198A (en) * 1963-07-03 1965-11-09 Gen Motors Corp Fluid reservoir for a master cylinder assembly
US3691754A (en) * 1969-11-13 1972-09-19 Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis Vibratory drive systems

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3860844A (en) * 1972-02-28 1975-01-14 Suisse Horlogerie Low friction miniature gear drive for transmitting small forces
US3937003A (en) * 1973-11-28 1976-02-10 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag Electric clock
US4080781A (en) * 1975-06-04 1978-03-28 Hans Ulrich Klingenberg Electronic wrist watch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH668871A4 (de) 1972-08-31
FR2135202B1 (de) 1976-07-23
DE2210390A1 (de) 1972-11-16
FR2135202A1 (de) 1972-12-15
CH537037A (de) 1972-08-31

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