US3744196A - Hinged slab system of building - Google Patents

Hinged slab system of building Download PDF

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Publication number
US3744196A
US3744196A US00181693A US3744196DA US3744196A US 3744196 A US3744196 A US 3744196A US 00181693 A US00181693 A US 00181693A US 3744196D A US3744196D A US 3744196DA US 3744196 A US3744196 A US 3744196A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slabs
tabs
reinforcing wires
modular unit
hinge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00181693A
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English (en)
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H Weese
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B1/3533—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by the raising of hingedly-connected building elements, e.g. arches, portal frames
    • E04B1/3538—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by the raising of hingedly-connected building elements, e.g. arches, portal frames the elements being a floor slab with hingedly-connected wall panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an efficient and economical building system for constructing modular buildings and involves on-site extrusion or casting of structural components. These structural components are assembled together in either single or multi-story to form buildings suitable as row houses or apartment buildings.
  • the process and structures of this invention relate to casting and erection of a plurality of sleeve-like parallelogram modules that are connected together in various arrangements to provide a modular building construction.
  • on-site continuous or semi-continuous longitudinally reinforced slabs are cast by using an extra wide paving machine with embedded transverse hinges disposed at selected intervals upon a casting bed which can be the ground floor slab.
  • the slabs can be reinforced and cast conventionally.
  • hinges are folded annealed metal strips having cut-out slots to interfit with the reinforcing wires and punched-out tabs embedded in the concrete slab.
  • the hinges provide the means to fold the slabs into sleevelike parallelogram modules and include a notch bearing surface to take the vertical loads of the horizontal slabs into the vertical slabs. These notches provide a gap for cutting the continuous reinforcing wires.
  • the modules are then erected and grouted together by pumping through a hole in the shim block.
  • Interior modules such as bathrooms, kitchens, and stairs, are inserted into the structure before facade structures close the end of the parallelogram modules.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic front view of a series of three-sided modular units
  • FIGS. 2 3 are diagrammatic front views of additional modular units assembled together with the modular units of FIG. 1 to form a building structure;
  • FIGS. 4 8 are diagrammatic perspective views, respectively, of a three-sided parallelogram module, a four-sided parallelogram module, a two-sided slab, a one-sided slab, and a three-sided parallelogram module;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic side view of the assembly used to provide on-site reinforced slabs constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of the portion-of FIG. 9 shown between the arrows III-10;
  • FIG. 1 l is a four-slab unit constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention prior to being assembled into a sleeve-like parallelogram module;
  • FIG. '12 is a four-slabunit depicted in FIG. 11 shown in the assembled position above and between two other already set slab units;
  • FIG. 13 is a front perspective view of a three-story building constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 14 depictsv a parallelogram module embodying the principles of this invention in the unassembled position
  • FIG. 15 depicts the parallelogram module identical to FIG. 14 in its assembled position
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a shim used during the grouting of a plurality of parallelogram modules
  • FIG. 17 is a side elevational view of one embodiment of a novel hinge element
  • FIG. 18 is another embodiment of a four slab unit constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention prior to being assembled into a parallelogram module;
  • FIG. 19 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a partial broken-away cross-sectional view of the four slab unit of FIG. 18 showing the parallelogram module mounted on two other already set modules;
  • FIG. 21 shows a second embodiment of a novel hinge element used in the FIGS. 18-20 embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a face view of the hinge of FIG. 21 shaped in the form shown in FIG. 21 and with transverse reinforcing wires interleaved between its tabs.
  • FIGS. 1 through 8 there are shown diagrammatic representations of module units that are as Sild together to form one-story (FIG. 1), two-story (FIG. 2) and three-story (FIG. 3) buildings.
  • FIG. 4 depicts three slabs 20 hinged together to provide a three-side unit A, which when set up on a base slab 22 (FIGS. 1-3) forms a sleeve-like module.
  • adjacent units A are interconnected by a single slab D (FIG. 7) to produce a one-story structure.
  • Outer and inner doors 24 and windows 26 can be formed in the side walls of units A. To complete the one-story structure of FIG. 1, it would of course be necessary to seal off the open ends.
  • four-sided units B (FIG. 5) comprising four hingedly-connected together slabs 28 are seated between the upper corners of adjacent spaced three-sided units A, and an end module is formedby adding a two-sided slab unit C (FIG. 6) comprising two hingedly connected slabs 30.
  • Single slab D (FIG. 7) could be connected between the upper corners of the B units to complete the second level.
  • the four-sided units B likewise have inner and outer doors 32. At least one of the B units (FIG. 5) and one of the A units (FIG. 8) have formed openings 34 and 36 for a stairway entrance to the second level.
  • the invention is directed to a method and apparatus for making and assembling hingedly connected slabs to selectively build modular buildings as diagrammatically depicted in FIGS. 1. through 8.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 there is diagrammatically shown an on-site system for making the sleeve-like parallelogram modules in accordance with the principles of this invention.
  • a plurality of closely spaced longitudinally extending prestressed reinforcing wires 40 (FIG. 10) are connected between an end anchor 42 and a tensioning reel 44.
  • An extra wide paving machine 46 guided on rails 48 moves away from anchor 42 to pour a first layer and then returns to its starting position to lay a second layer.
  • a parting agent is used to separate the two layers and openings 43 are box outs for stairwells, windows, doors, etc.
  • Novel hinge elements 50 (FIG. 14) are embedded at selected intervals transverse to the reinforcing wires 40 to permit the casted slabs to be folded into open-ended sleeve-like parllelogram modules 52.
  • FIG. 17 One embodiment of the novel hinge element 50 of this invention is depicted in FIG. 17, and comprises an elongated metal strip 52 folded lengthwise into two equal portions to define hinge plates 51 and 53 (FIG. 14).
  • Notches 54 are provided along its longitudinal centerline to induce bending, and along its longitudinal edge are cut-outs 56 spaced apart an amount equal to the distance between reinforcing wires 40 for straddling about these wires, which leave access for cutting the reinforcing wires between the slabs.
  • Tabs 58 are punched out along both sides of the folded portions of the strip 52 and are bent into a hook shape for anchoring in adjacent slabs to provide a hinging effect between slabs.
  • FIG. 14 depicts a parallelogram module 52 before it is set up.
  • the two lower slabs 60 and 62 are extruded on the first pass of the paving machine and the two upper slabs 64 and 66 are extruded on the second pass. It is of course necessary to bend half of the two exterior hinge elements upwardly before the second pass. Spacers (not shown) hold the opposite ends of the slabs in place during curing.
  • the upper slabs 64 and 66 are swung in the direction of the arrows from the solid line position of FIG. 11 (dotted lines in FIG. 11 show intermediate position) to the position of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 12 shows the stacking and assembly of a para]- lelogram module 12 above and between two already set modular units.
  • a jig or brace 70 is used to keep the module square while the square-shaped space 71 formed by the adjoining corners is filled with grout through a hole 73 in the shims 72 (FIG. 16).
  • the hinge elements shown in FIG. 14 are adapted to swing counterclockwise.
  • the hinge element 68 in the upper layer is identical to hinge element 50 in the lower layer except pentagon-shaped cut-outs 69 are provided to accommodate the rods 40 instead of slots 56 used in hinge 50. These cut-outs are sufficiently large to permit access for cutting reinforcing wires 40.
  • FIG. shows a parallelogram module 52 in its setupposition with its lower right corner grouted to the upper left corner of another parallelogram module.
  • the shim 72 (FIG. 16) is disposed in the square-shaped gap 74 before filling it with grout.
  • the parallelogram modules bear on shims and the pumped grout without any overlap of the precast segments, i.e., hearing forces are carried from upper walls to lower walls on the grout infill, which also fill the notches in supporting the floors.
  • FIG. 13 shows a front perspective view of a threestory building 80 constructed by assembling a pluraity of parallelogram modules made and grouted together in accordance with the foregoing description.
  • An end filler 82 fills the recess formed between theoutside corner edges of adjacent slabs.
  • the open ends are closed with a facade structure 84 which is manufactured offsite.
  • These structures are self-supporting and contain mechanical equipment such as furnaces, boilers, air conditioning units, electric and gas meters, fuse boxes, fireplaces, closets, balconies, etc.
  • Site finishing is limited to an optional skim coating of concrete surfaces, dry walling the stud assemblies, under-layment, flooring, exposed wiring, plumbing connections to modules, painting, carpeting, and the hanging of pre-fit doors.
  • FIGS. 18-22 Another version of a parallelogram module which embodies the principles of this invention and which is formed in the same manner as described hereinbefore.
  • the hinge element is made of an elongated metal strip which is folded along its centerline into two equal portions to define a pair of binge plates 92 and 94.
  • Tabs 96 having hook ends 98 are cut transversely to its centerline, and are bent so that transverse reinforcing wires 100 interleave between alternate tabs that are separated by an acute angle to provide an alternate staggered arrangement.
  • Triangular shaped recesses 102 are formed at the ends of the longest pair of slabs 104 and 106. The purpose of these recesses is to provide a means for gaining access to the longitudinally extending reinforcing wires 100, which pass through the recess 102. As shown in FIG. 20, the ends of the reinforcing wires at the exterior hinges are of such a length to intertwine and thereby provide continuity to one-half the joints.
  • a modular unit for use in a modular building comprising four casted slabs hingedly-connected together in an open-ended sleeve-like parallelogram configuration, a plurality of reinforcing w-ires extending in a generally parallel plane through the entire length of each of said slabs, and four integral hinge elements connecting said slabs together, each of said hinge elements comprising an elongated sheet of bendable high strength material folded lengthwise to present two hinge plates, a plurality of tabs projecting outwardly in each of said hinge plates at a transverse angle to said parallel plane with at least a portion of said tabs embed-' ded in the ends of said slabs, and a plurality of slots formed through said hinge plates to provide passageways for said reinforcing wires, the portion of said hinge plate about each of said slots projecting inwardly of its associated slab a sufficient distance to provide access for severing said reinforcing wires when said modular unit is in its flattened pre-assembled position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
US00181693A 1971-09-20 1971-09-20 Hinged slab system of building Expired - Lifetime US3744196A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18169371A 1971-09-20 1971-09-20
US05/302,110 US3969872A (en) 1971-09-20 1972-10-30 Method of constructing modular buildings

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US3744196A true US3744196A (en) 1973-07-10

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US00181693A Expired - Lifetime US3744196A (en) 1971-09-20 1971-09-20 Hinged slab system of building
US05/302,110 Expired - Lifetime US3969872A (en) 1971-09-20 1972-10-30 Method of constructing modular buildings

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US (2) US3744196A (fr)
DE (1) DE2231943A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2153293B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1382709A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964216A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-06-22 G. Tsutomu Arai And Roger A. Hummel, Architects, (A Partnership) Modular building constructon
US3998013A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-12-21 Admiral Homes, Inc. Collapsible mansard roof structure for transportable building
US4557099A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-12-10 Johnson Delp W Method of constructing foldable concrete slab buildings with access slots thru ceiling slabs for installing hingeable connectors
US4603522A (en) * 1983-08-12 1986-08-05 Johnson Delp W Hingeable connection device for thru the slab connections in foldable building construction
US4644709A (en) * 1985-05-02 1987-02-24 Sharon K. Baumann Trust Omniform building system
US20030154674A1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2003-08-21 Oliver Matthaei Reinforced or pre-stressed concrete part which is subjected to a transverse force
US20180291611A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2018-10-11 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Frame structure and method of constructing frame structure

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1081866B (it) * 1977-03-18 1985-05-21 Caserta Umberto Procedimento per la realizzazione di edifici ad uso abitazione sociale o industriale ed edificio ottenuto con detto procedimento
US4528793A (en) * 1982-12-17 1985-07-16 Johnson Delp W Method of constructing precast concrete building with ductile concrete frame
WO1988006213A1 (fr) * 1985-05-02 1988-08-25 Baumann Hanns U Systeme de construction omniforme
US4982856A (en) * 1989-06-23 1991-01-08 General Electric Company High temperature, high pressure continuous random glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic fluid vessel and method of making
US20110072734A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2011-03-31 Newby Roland L Compact interior safe room
WO2010151539A1 (fr) * 2009-06-22 2010-12-29 Barnet Liberman Système de construction modulaire pour construire des bâtiments à plusieurs étages
US8978319B2 (en) 2010-07-09 2015-03-17 Global Homes, Llc System and method for modular housing

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1218846A (en) * 1915-05-14 1917-03-13 Herbert A Farnquist Collapsible box.
US1361831A (en) * 1920-03-22 1920-12-14 Walter E Crew Concrete-slab construction
US2035595A (en) * 1931-03-16 1936-03-31 Crowe Francis Malcolm Fabricated building construction
US2645114A (en) * 1945-10-18 1953-07-14 Amirikian Arsham Hollow structure
US2826157A (en) * 1953-07-17 1958-03-11 Karl O Vartia Roof structure
FR1441324A (fr) * 1965-07-29 1966-06-03 Construction mécanisée d'immeubles d'habitation
US3494092A (en) * 1967-07-05 1970-02-10 Delp W Johnson Integrated folding slab construction
US3593482A (en) * 1968-12-12 1971-07-20 Delp W Johnson Process for erecting folding slab construction
US3609935A (en) * 1969-05-01 1971-10-05 Delmar L Thomas Permanent form for precast tilt-up concrete modules and process

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB673015A (en) * 1948-10-01 1952-05-28 Schroeder Werner Improvements in the manufacture of reinforced concrete elements
DE801295C (de) * 1949-10-20 1951-01-04 Friedrich Dipl-Ing Rodenberg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Waenden und Dachplatten fuer Bauwerke aller Art
US2751635A (en) * 1950-03-09 1956-06-26 Thomas C Donnahue Portable prefabricated shelter
CH292714A (de) * 1951-08-30 1953-08-31 Robin Ros Mirko Verfahren zur Herstellung von vorgespannten Bauelementen sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
FR95547E (fr) * 1968-12-11 1971-01-22 Entpr S Leon Ballot Sa Des Réservoirs immergés de grandes capacités.
US3678638A (en) * 1970-12-24 1972-07-25 Sodeteg Inc Building construction of modular units with settable material therebetween

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1218846A (en) * 1915-05-14 1917-03-13 Herbert A Farnquist Collapsible box.
US1361831A (en) * 1920-03-22 1920-12-14 Walter E Crew Concrete-slab construction
US2035595A (en) * 1931-03-16 1936-03-31 Crowe Francis Malcolm Fabricated building construction
US2645114A (en) * 1945-10-18 1953-07-14 Amirikian Arsham Hollow structure
US2826157A (en) * 1953-07-17 1958-03-11 Karl O Vartia Roof structure
FR1441324A (fr) * 1965-07-29 1966-06-03 Construction mécanisée d'immeubles d'habitation
US3494092A (en) * 1967-07-05 1970-02-10 Delp W Johnson Integrated folding slab construction
US3593482A (en) * 1968-12-12 1971-07-20 Delp W Johnson Process for erecting folding slab construction
US3609935A (en) * 1969-05-01 1971-10-05 Delmar L Thomas Permanent form for precast tilt-up concrete modules and process

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964216A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-06-22 G. Tsutomu Arai And Roger A. Hummel, Architects, (A Partnership) Modular building constructon
US3998013A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-12-21 Admiral Homes, Inc. Collapsible mansard roof structure for transportable building
US4557099A (en) * 1983-08-01 1985-12-10 Johnson Delp W Method of constructing foldable concrete slab buildings with access slots thru ceiling slabs for installing hingeable connectors
US4603522A (en) * 1983-08-12 1986-08-05 Johnson Delp W Hingeable connection device for thru the slab connections in foldable building construction
US4644709A (en) * 1985-05-02 1987-02-24 Sharon K. Baumann Trust Omniform building system
US20030154674A1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2003-08-21 Oliver Matthaei Reinforced or pre-stressed concrete part which is subjected to a transverse force
US7874110B2 (en) * 2000-01-20 2011-01-25 Oliver Matthaei Reinforced or pre-stressed concrete part which is subjected to a transverse force
US20180291611A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2018-10-11 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Frame structure and method of constructing frame structure
US10465374B2 (en) * 2015-07-17 2019-11-05 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Frame structure and method of constructing frame structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2231943A1 (de) 1973-03-29
FR2153293A1 (fr) 1973-05-04
GB1382709A (en) 1975-02-05
US3969872A (en) 1976-07-20
FR2153293B1 (fr) 1977-12-23

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