US3740182A - Apparatus for the production of bound bodies of bulking clay - Google Patents

Apparatus for the production of bound bodies of bulking clay Download PDF

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Publication number
US3740182A
US3740182A US00203378A US3740182DA US3740182A US 3740182 A US3740182 A US 3740182A US 00203378 A US00203378 A US 00203378A US 3740182D A US3740182D A US 3740182DA US 3740182 A US3740182 A US 3740182A
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Prior art keywords
gas
chamber
feeding device
burner
disposed
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US00203378A
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English (en)
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J Wunning
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Firma J Aichelin
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Firma J Aichelin
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B38/064—Natural expanding materials, e.g. clay
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An apparatus for the production of ceramically bound bodies of bulking clay which comprises a housing defining a passage-through chamber, adapted to'blow alternately highly heated gas in opposite directions through a heap of debris of a granulate capable of swelling in a form box received in the chamber up to swelling and ceramic binding of the surfaces of the granulate.
  • a gas feeding device and a heat storage are provided.
  • the passage-through chamber includes the heat storage in the direction of the flow of the gas driven alternately back and forth on both sides of the form box.
  • a burner feeding device for a gaseous mixture is arranged which operates controlled and regulated. Chamber sections are disposed between the heating storage and the form 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures Patented June 19, 1913 3,740,182
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for the production of ceramically bound bodies of bulking clay with a passage, in which a heap of debris of granulate capable of swelling is blown through in a form chest up to swelling and ceramic binding of the granulate surfaces alternately in opposite directions with highly heated gas.
  • Such device has been proposed already, in order to heat granulates, from which ceramically bound bodies are to be produced from bulking clay, by a gaseous operating medium up to the temperatures, at which the swelling and ceramic binding occurs. It is of essence, that at least in the critical range of the swelling temperatures and of the melting of the granulate surfaces capable of ceramically binding great quantities of heat can be released within a short time by the gaseous heat carrier to the granulate capable of swelling.
  • the gap spaces between the granulates in the formed heap of debris start to clog up, so that a further heating by means of passing through gas is no more possible.
  • the chemical charac' ter of the gas must be controlled in predetermined manner, because namely the temperature ranges, in
  • the granulates melt can be displaced, depending upon the fact, whether the gaseous heat carrier has chemically oxidizing or reducing character.
  • pressureand speed-control of the gaseous working medium thus also a non-objectionable influence of the chemical character must be possible.
  • the swelling range and the temperature range, in which clays or other corresponding working material become capable of ceramically binding, is in clays mostly in question or other materials capable of swelling are above 1000C, so that the gaseous working medium must have temperatures, which are in the range, in which normal steels start to soften.
  • the gas is heated to the required temperature and blown off after the passing through of the heap of debris, so that a relatively great energy expenditure is required.
  • the gas is driven in a relatively cool state from the gas feeding device at first through a heat storage, then through the burner chamber and thereafter through the heap of debris capable of swelling and disposed in the form box.
  • the heating of the gas to the required working temperature takes place in the heating storage.
  • the gas When the gas has cooled off after passing the heap of debris in the form box and emerges from the heap of debris, it enters a second burning chamber and is again heated up here by feeding a controlled and regulated burnable gaseous mixture to a predetermined temperature corresponding with the prevailing working conditions and driven through the heating storage following in the direction of the stream. In this storage the gas releases an essential part of its heat and emerges in a comparatively cool state from the heating storage.
  • cool gas is fed into'the freshly heated heating storage and after passing the burner chamber through the form box with the granw late capable of swelling and disposed therein.
  • the burning chamber following in the direction of the stream takes place again the heating of the chamber, in order to heat the following heating storage in the direction of the stream and cooled by the previous stream process.
  • a heating takes place in the burning chamber, which is arranged in the direction of the stream on the exit side of the form box, a burnable mixture can be fed also, in case the working conditions require it, into the burner chamber, which is disposed on the entrance side of the form box.
  • an essentially constant closed gas volume is moved back and forth in a pendulum manner alternately in opposite directions through the passage through chamber.
  • the flue gas branch within the range of the gas feeding device serves merely the purpose, to feed off the over flow gas quantities, which result such, that the gaseous mixture is fed into the burner chambers.
  • An essential advantage of the present apparatus resides in the fact, that the gas feeding device moves relatively cool gas. Accordingly, the gas feeding devices as well as the stream-, conductivity and guiding-elements can be produced of normal working material.
  • the gas temperature in the working burner chamber and the exit temperature of the gas after passing the heating storage in exit direction from the passage through chamber are at a ratio of about 3:1 relative to each other.
  • the apparatus designed in accordance with the present invention operates with a high thermic efficiency, since the heating storages disposed on both sides of the heap of debris to be passed prevent that large heat quantities can be lost. Instead a certain quantity of heat moves in pendulum fashion with the gas stream between the two heat storages back and forth. Thereby continuously heat is released to the heap of debris from the granulate capable of swelling, however by controlled mixture feeding in the burning chamber is fed thereto again. Due to the fact that the superfluous gas quantity to be fed off for maintaining constant the working gas volume, which superfluous gas quantity is produced in the burner chambers by the heating process is fed off within the range of the gas feeding device only in the cooled state within the range of the gas feeding device, an essential part of the heat of these flue gases are retained.
  • the apparatus designed in accordance with-the present invention is also characterized by the fact, that no movable elements, control devices or the like have to be exposed to the highly heated gas being at working temperature. Since also the gas feeding device has to move only cool gas, the apparatus can be formed robust and reliable in spite of the use of simple and price-favorable working material.
  • the gas feeding device is equipped with a controllingly driven double piston, which moves back and forth the substantially closed gas volume between its both pistons through the form box, the burning chamber and the heat storage.
  • the double piston can thereby be disposed in a conduit, which follows on the down-stream side the heating storage.
  • the gas feeding device can also consist of two mechanically separated, yet drivingly connected individual pistons, each of which is disposed in the down-stream sided stream path behind each heat storage in the passing-through chamber itself.
  • the constant gas volume can be kept relatively small, and a very fast direction change of the gas stream can be produced
  • the capacities of the heat storages have to be considered thereby, since when the latter have released their heat in one working play, it is suitable, to reverse the direction of the gas stream, in
  • the thermic efficiency of the apparatus designed in accordance with the present invention can still further be improved, when the gases of the heat storages emerge from the passage-through chamber are fed still through a gas cooler.
  • gas cooler can remove further energy from the gas, which can be applied usefully for many purposes. With such gas cooler an additional volume reduction takes place. The gas quantity released at the flue gas branch is thereby smaller and the heat quantity removed by this gas quantity is likewise essentially reduced.
  • An increase of the energy exploitation permit further formations of the apparatus, in which an air conduit branches off from the burner feeding device and is connected with the suction side of the blower or with the pressure chambers disposed directly in front of the pistons for the gas feed.
  • an air conduit branches off from the burner feeding device and is connected with the suction side of the blower or with the pressure chambers disposed directly in front of the pistons for the gas feed.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the apparatus designed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a second embodiment of the apparatus, shown partly in elevation and partly in section;
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation of a third embodiment of the apparatus, shown partly in section.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus serves the production of ceramically bound bodies of bulking clay.
  • the apparatus comprises a body 1 which defines a passage-through chamber 2, in which granulate3 capable of swelling, of which the ceramically bound bodies of bulking clay are to be produced, are received in form of a heap of debris in a form box 4.
  • the form box 4 is suitably rollable in and out by means of appropriate devices from the passage-through chamber 2.
  • the granulate 3 is heating in the form box 4 in the passage-through chamber 2 by passing through highly heated gas, until the swelling process sets in, and the surfaces of the granulate become capable of ceramically binding.
  • the form box 4 In order to permit, that the heap debris of the granulate 3 in the form box 4 can be passed by the gas, the form box 4 must have a permeable sievelike bottom 5, and if a cover is used, also a gaspermeable cover.
  • the passage-through chamber 2 has on both sides of the form box 4 a burner chamber each.
  • chamber sections of the passage-through chamber 2 in which chamber sections terminate feeding conduits 7, which are connected with a feeding device 8, by means of which a gaseous, combustible mixture can be controllably and regulatably supplied into the burner chambers 6.
  • the combustible mixture is fed not only controlled and proportioned alternately or fed also simultaneously into both burner chambers 6, rather a temperature control takes place by means of a control device 9, and in addition a mixture control is performed by means of a control device 10, which varies the ratio of the quantities, in which gaseous fuel and air are divided, depending upon predetermined presumptions.
  • heat storages 11 On both sides of the form box 4 are provided heat storages 11 outside of the burner chambers 6. These heat storages 11 are formed permeable.
  • a gas cooler 12 follows the heat storage in the direction of the passage-through. chamber 2 in accordance with the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 1. The exit sides of the gas cooler are connected together by means of a conduit 13.
  • a gas feeding device 14 is connected with the conduit 13, which device 14 is equipped for reversing the direction of feeding, by providing, as shown in FIG. 1, a blower 15 with a stream reversal device 16.
  • the blower 15 can be operated in the same rotary direction, while the flow direction of the gas in the conduit 13 can be varied dependent upon the position of the reversal device 16.
  • a flue gas branch 17 can be connected with the suction branch of the blower 15.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and described above has a substantially constant gas volume.
  • the gas flows in the direction of the arrows 18 (FIG. 1).
  • the gas has within the range of the conduit 13 a comparatively low temperature, which can be below 400 C.
  • the gas enters from the conduit 13 into the passage-through chamber 2 through the gas cooler 12 shown in FIG. 1 at the upper end.
  • the gas cooler 12 can be taken out of operation at the moment of the entrance of the gas.
  • the gas passes after its entrance in the passage-through chamber 2 the upper heat storage 11 and enters the upper burner chamber 6.
  • the gas flows through the lower heat storage 11 and heats the latter, after passage of the lower heat storage 11, the gas has a comparatively low temperature and can be cooled once more in the lower gas cooler 12, so that it can enter with a low temperature the conduit 13 and can be fed to the gas feeding device 14.
  • a cooling medium is fed to this gas cooler 12 in the direction of the arrows 19 (FIG. 1).
  • a reversal of the direction of the flow it is merely necessary to reverse the reversaldevice 16.
  • the described process runs then in corresponding manner with a reversed direction of flow of the gas.
  • the described apparatus is characterized such, that high gas temperatures rule only in the range of the burner chamber 6, which are disposed adjacent both heat storages.
  • the ratio of the temperatures of the gas, within this range to the temperatures, which rule, by example, in the conduit 13, can be of the order of about 3:1.
  • a similarly large volume ratio results.
  • the gas feeding device 14 has to move also only comparatively low gas quantities, in order to assure a predetermined gas passage in the form box 4.
  • the flue gas branch 17 provided on the gas feeding device 14 serves the purpose, 'to maintain constant the gas volume in the apparatus 1, by feeding off the gas quantities produced additionally by the operation of the burner chambers 6. This feeding off takes place, however, in a place, at which the gas has a very low temperature, so that heat losses are excessively avoided.
  • the described apparatus shown in FIG. 1 operates also with a high efficiency, since the high gas temperature required for the swellingand ceramic bindingprocess prevails only within the chamber range between the heat storages 11, whereby the heat quantity and heat content of the gas volume, respectively, be tween the two heat storages moves steadily back and forth like a pendulum movement and is completed if necessary corresponding with the operation of the burner chambers and the burner-chamber-feeding device 8, respectively.
  • FIG. .2 a further embodiment of the apparatus disclosed in connection with FIG. 1, is shown.
  • the passage-through chamber 2 is shown here in full view with the body 1, because the range between the heat stor ages 11 is identical with the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the gas coolers 12 are omitted and also the conduit 13 is not provided.
  • a chamber section 19 follows in the passage-through chamber 2 directly to the heat storage 11, in which chamber section 19 a piston 20 is guided slidingly as a gas feeding device 20.
  • the pistons 20 are connected together for driving such, that they are moved in opposite directions by means of coupled driving devices 21. It is to be recognized, that in case of a downwardly directed movement of the upper piston of FIG.
  • the design of the passage through chamber 2 is again identical with that of FIG. 1.
  • the design of the gas feeding device 14 which is built in the conduit 13 is changed.
  • the gas feeding device 14 has a double piston 22, which is guided tightly sliding in a middle section of the conduit 13".
  • the section 24 of the conduit 13 disposed between the pistons 22 connected mechanically by means of a piston rod 23 is divided by a separation wall 25 into two pressure chambers 26 and 27, which can be controlled by a pressure medium by means of a valve control device 28 from a source (not shown).
  • the pressure chamber 26 is subjected to pressure, then the double piston 22 is driven in the direction of the arrow 29 in upward connection (FIG. 3) and the same gas flowing conditions prevail, corresponding to the arrows 18 in FIG. 1.
  • the burner feeding device 8 can have, in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3 in addition to the conduits 7 leading to the burner chambers 6 for the mixture or combustion gas additional feeding conduits 8a and 8b, which terminate either in the chamber sections 19 (FIG. 2) or in the pressure chambers 26 and 27 (FIG. 3) and feed thereto combustion air.
  • these conduits 8a and 8b the combustion air required for the mixture formation can be fed selectively totally or proportionally to the chamber sections 19 or the pressure chambers 26 and 27, respectively.
  • the feeding takes place into that chamber section or pressure chamber, in which the over pressure prevails. This proceeding leads to the fact, that the oxygen is fed to the combustion air of the burning chamber in strong dilution. This leads to a retardation of the combustion process in the burner chambers. If the mixture disposed in the burning chambers passes however, the heap of debris in the form box, then the granulate operates as a catalyst, which causes an immediate combustion of the mixture, so that the heat is produced directly at the place of the requirement.
  • conduits 8a and 8b for the combustion air can of course, be provided also in the embodiment of FIG. 1, in which this conduit is not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • FIG. 4 This embodiment is a particularly interesting further development of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with a special arrangement of the conduits for the combustion air.
  • the conduit 13 leads directly into the passage through chamber 2.
  • one gas cooler 12 is provided, which is disposed between the diversing device 16 and the suction branch of the blower 15".
  • the flue gas branch 17 is connected between the gas cooler 12 and the blower 15'.
  • the burner feeding device 8 has in addition to the feeding conduit 7 to the burner chambers a feeding conduit for the combustion air, which terminates between the connection place of the flue gas branch 17 and the blower 15 into the suction tube.
  • the advantages of the mixture feed set forth above in connection with the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3 are achieved.
  • An apparatus for the production of ceramically bound bodies of bulking clay comprising a housing defining a passage-through chamber,
  • said passage-through chamber including said heat storage in the direction of the flow of said gas driven alternately back and forth on both sides of said form box,
  • chamber sections disposed between said heating storage and said form box, said chamber sections constituting burner chambers, and a flue gas branch disposed within the range of said gas feeding device.
  • said conduit follows on the down stream side of said heat storage.
  • one of said pistons being disposed on the downstream said gas feeding device includes: at least one pressure flow path behind each of said heat storages in said producing piston, and passage-through chamber. said conduits feeding combustion air selectively at 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US00203378A 1970-11-30 1971-11-30 Apparatus for the production of bound bodies of bulking clay Expired - Lifetime US3740182A (en)

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US (1) US3740182A (pm)
AT (1) AT305127B (pm)
CH (1) CH554526A (pm)
CS (1) CS161924B2 (pm)
DE (1) DE2058789B1 (pm)
DK (1) DK128956B (pm)
FR (1) FR2116514B1 (pm)
GB (1) GB1356682A (pm)
IT (1) IT941374B (pm)
NL (1) NL7115688A (pm)
PL (1) PL84492B1 (pm)
SE (1) SE376067B (pm)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057382A (en) * 1974-08-05 1977-11-08 Mitsubishi Monsanto Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for air-pressure forming thermoplastic resin sheets
CN104390459A (zh) * 2014-10-23 2015-03-04 武会丽 整体蜂窝蓄热式简式烧嘴对烧式燃气炉窑

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2917646A1 (de) * 1979-05-02 1980-11-13 Zytan Thermochem Verfahren Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen und entnehmen eines durch brennen und pyroplastische bindung des brenngutes gebildeten formkoerpers aus der form
DE3917282C1 (pm) * 1989-05-27 1990-05-23 Loro-Holding K. H. Vahlbrauk Kg, 3353 Bad Gandersheim, De
DE9106825U1 (de) * 1991-06-04 1992-10-01 Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve Wärmebehandlungsofen
CN102829484B (zh) * 2012-09-24 2015-08-12 中南大学 一种切换式蓄热式高效热交换器
CN105737628A (zh) * 2016-04-20 2016-07-06 兰溪市博远金属有限公司 一种新型熔铝炉的蓄热燃烧系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167801A (en) * 1936-06-11 1939-08-01 Crown Cork & Seal Co Apparatus for manufacture of cork block and insulation
US3156015A (en) * 1961-10-20 1964-11-10 Crown Machine & Tool Company Apparatus for molding a plastic article
US3257685A (en) * 1961-05-30 1966-06-28 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Method of and apparatus for the production of briquette-like shaped articles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167801A (en) * 1936-06-11 1939-08-01 Crown Cork & Seal Co Apparatus for manufacture of cork block and insulation
US3257685A (en) * 1961-05-30 1966-06-28 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Method of and apparatus for the production of briquette-like shaped articles
US3156015A (en) * 1961-10-20 1964-11-10 Crown Machine & Tool Company Apparatus for molding a plastic article

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057382A (en) * 1974-08-05 1977-11-08 Mitsubishi Monsanto Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for air-pressure forming thermoplastic resin sheets
CN104390459A (zh) * 2014-10-23 2015-03-04 武会丽 整体蜂窝蓄热式简式烧嘴对烧式燃气炉窑

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GB1356682A (en) 1974-06-12
IT941374B (it) 1973-03-01
SU375865A3 (pm) 1973-03-23
PL84492B1 (pm) 1976-04-30
FR2116514B1 (pm) 1973-06-29
CH554526A (de) 1974-09-30
CS161924B2 (pm) 1975-06-10
AT305127B (de) 1973-02-12
FR2116514A1 (pm) 1972-07-13
NL7115688A (pm) 1972-06-01
DE2058789B1 (de) 1971-11-11
SE376067B (pm) 1975-05-05
DK128956B (da) 1974-07-29

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