US3736094A - Apparatus for generating high energy gaseous blast - Google Patents

Apparatus for generating high energy gaseous blast Download PDF

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Publication number
US3736094A
US3736094A US00148841A US3736094DA US3736094A US 3736094 A US3736094 A US 3736094A US 00148841 A US00148841 A US 00148841A US 3736094D A US3736094D A US 3736094DA US 3736094 A US3736094 A US 3736094A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
fuel
air mixture
burner
burner apparatus
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00148841A
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English (en)
Inventor
D E Shisler
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Johns Manville Corp
Johns Manville
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Johns Manville
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/06—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres
    • C03B37/065—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • Appl' permeable walls form the combustion chamber 7 wherein the premix of fuel and air is burned producing [52] U.S.Cl ..43l/158 a g temperative fluent whi h is directed by a 51 Int. Cl ..F23r 1/02 metallic converging Slot nozzle to an Outlet which [58] Field of Search ..431 /l58, 170, 326, Shapes the effluent while its velocity is increased y 431 7 the nozzle to form a high temperature, wide, flat 4 stream of uniform velocity and temperature which is 5 References Cited an effective filament attenuator for materials such as glass.
  • the required equipment to do so has been elaborate such as multiple ported manifolds with substantial length between combustion chamber outlet and fuel inlet of the manifold which often was exposed to ambient for required cooling to prevent flash back and long refractory throats to prevent blow off.
  • the long refractory throats also served to prevent flame emission from the outlet of the burner and provided for completion of combustion where necessary together with the shaping of the fluid flow leaving the burner.
  • the shape or configuration of the fluid flow leaving the burner is particularly important where the burner is used for flame attenuating glass filaments wherein a uniform blast of generally laminar flow is desirable. Further, combustion should be completed within the burner to assure a uniform glass product of high quality.
  • the wide slot type outlet required to produce the desired flat blast of heating gases was found to be a difficult shape to maintain with refractory materials. Expansion of the refractory materials at the outlet of the burner, upon being heated by the heating gases emitting therefrom, caused bowing of the refractory which tended to close off the outlet. After a number of cycles of heating the outlet and subsequent cooling to ambient the refractories would deteriorate. Normal life span for the refractory outlet was found to be 30 to 45 days. Other attempts at producing an all metal burner to overcome the deficiencies found in burners using refractories have proved entirely unsatisfactory when placed on a facility for attenuating glass filaments.
  • This invention relates to burners for generating high energy gaseous blasts and more particularly to burners which generate a high energy stream or blast by buming a premix consisting of a mixture of fuel and air and which shape the eflluent or heating gases resulting from burning premix as it is emitted from the burner.
  • the products formed as above and the stream they constitute are uniform in temperature and velocity over the face of the outlet to produce a uniform stream for doing work.
  • the burner is used to attenuate glass filaments into fibers which is a process requiring a high degree of uniformity in temperature and force of the stream attenuating the fibers to produce a uniform product.
  • a satisfactory stream has been produced using a metallic housing or combustor to form a combustion chamber for the buming of a premix of fuel and air.
  • Encompassing all but an opening in the combustor is a mild steel casing forming a plenum with means for supplying a fuel and air mixture and for establishing a uniform pressure of premix around the combustor.
  • the combustor outlet port at a side of the plenum allows the products of combustion to discharge to a metallic nozzle adjacent the outlet port.
  • a refractory chamber encased in mild steel is inserted in between the combustor and nozzle to provide a secondary combustion chamber for the completion of combustion started within the combustor when the range of fuel inputs desired exceeds the capabilities of the combustor.
  • nozzle shapes the products emitting from the burner outlet to conform to the shape of the outlet.
  • the combustor in the preferred embodiment has opposing permeable planar surfaces forming opposite major walls of the combustion chamber, a back plate and two end plates.
  • An example of material for the permeable planar surfaces is perforated plate. Indentation of the back plate provides for distribution and preheating of the premix upon discharge from the inlet in the plenum.
  • An alternate form of a combustor is one made of permeable sintered metal of which all the walls are, therefore, permeable.
  • Both forms of combustors form combustion chambers wherein combustion occurs on or near the inner surface of the permeable portions thereof. As a result, combustion is dispersed uniformly over a large area and the entire chamber is available for completion of combustion. Further, the opening in the side of the combustor through which the products discharge is unrestricted for relief of expansion of the products created by combustion in the combustor to minimize turbulent flow.
  • the nozzle maintains the uniform flow of products delivered from the combustion chamber of the combustor and the secondary combustion chamber which chambers constitute a passage which is constant in cross-section over the axial length of the burner.
  • the products or heating gases are then uniformly converged by the nozzle thereby increasing their velocity and forming a generally laminar stream of heating gases which in the embodiment illustrated is wide and flat.
  • the burner overcomes the problems of erosion and slowing of the exiting heating gases by use of a metallic combustion chamber and a metallic nozzle.
  • the metallic combustion chamber has eliminated the need for elaborate manifolds through which premix fuel must be fed as ,well as associate diffusing equipment previously needed for distributing the fuel uniformly. Combustion is completed within the combustion chamber eliminating the problems of blow off, incomplete combustion and flame emitting from the burner outlet. Mounting the metallic nozzle on the burner in a manner in which the nozzle is free for expansion minimizes the warping problem. The greater resistance of the metallic nozzle to cyclic conditions greatly increases the life of the burner by minimizing early deterioration of the burner outlet.
  • the resulting basically metallic burner has a higher efficiency than the prior art burners and a greatly increased life over the burners using refractory for combustion chambers and outlets. It produces the required high energy stream or blast for attenuating glass fila ments of a high quality. Simplifying the design of the burner components results in a rugged burner having greater stability and requiring less maintenance thereby reducing production disruptions and shutdowns.
  • the metallic construction reduces the size and weight of the burner.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a burner in accordance with the present invention illustrated as utilized to attenuate glass filaments into fibers;
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the burner illustrated in FIG. 1 with a portion thereof cut-away to reveal greater detail;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the burner illustrated in FIG. 2 taken along line 33 thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of the burner illustrated in FIG. 2 taken along line 4-4 thereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a modified form of the nozzle section illustrated in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a full end view of the nozzle section illustrated in FIG. 5;
  • the gases discharged are used to heat glass filaments l6 aligned along a guide bar 18 and approaching the stream at essentially light angles.
  • the glass filaments 16 which are solidified glass, pass beyond the bottom of the guide bar 18 sufficient softening occurs so that the blast of heating gases alters the normal path of the filaments 16 to a substantially planar path with the direction of the heating gases.
  • the force of the stream of heating gases reduces the filaments 16 into fine fibers 20 which may be collected on an endless foraminous conveyor, not illustrated, to a felted mat.
  • combustion should be completed within the burner 10, that flames should not extend out beyond the outlet 14 and that the flow from the outlet 14 should be generally laminar and uniform.
  • FIGS. 2 through 4 illustrate the inlet 12, which typically is a pipe, capped with a plate 22 and having a slot 24 cut within the pipe through which the premix passes in entering a plenum 26 formed by a housing 28 and a combustion housing 30 which will be referred to herein as a combustor.
  • the arrows in FIG. 3 illustrate the general pattern of the flow of premix entering and leaving the plenum 26.
  • the premix passes from the plenum 26 through the permeable surfaces of the combustor 30 into a primary combustion chamber 32.
  • the combustor 30 has two opposing rectangular permeable surfaces of foraminate sheet material 34 extending between a pair of rectangular end plates 36 and between back plate 38 and flange 40.
  • An indentation in the back plate 38 extends into the primary combustion chamber 32 with a smooth curvature extending over the distance between the end plates 36 to provide for diffusion of the premix issuing from the slot 24 so that the premix is at a uniform pressure at the foraminate sheet surface 34.
  • Premix is preheated within the indentation of the back plate 38 to enhance combustor efficiency.
  • a hole 42 in each end plate 36 allows flow of premix in the indentation past the end plates 36.
  • the premix permeable surfaces 34 of the combustor are parallel and are spaced according to the burner capacity and the combustion product stream to be developed whereby initial combustion of the premix is generally in parallel planar zones closely adjacent and within the combustor. Further combustion which may approach and even achieve completion occurs in the volume between the initial combustion zones.
  • the outlet from the combustor is of the same area as the cross section of the combustor normal to the surfaces 34 and generally parallel to the back plate 38.
  • a fastening screw 64 can be mated with the nut 60 and tightened therein to maintain the burner 10 and base 62 in fixed relation.
  • the base 62 is slidable on a pair of ways 66 one of which is illustrated. Adjustment of the base 62 to move the nozzle tip 14 toward and away from the attenuating zone is accomplished with conventional screw means (not illustrated) bearing against support flange 63.
  • Burner 10 is supported on a cylindrical mount 70 embraced by clamp 68 to which support flange 63 and ways 66 are secured. Alignment of the burner 10 normal to the filaments 16 is accomplished by loosening the clamp 68 from about the cylindrical mount 70 to allow the burner 10 to pivot about the mount 70.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 best illustrate a nozzle 72 of the converging type ending in outlet 14 which is a straight throat portion.
  • the outlet configuration of the nozzle 72 is rectangular as best illustrated in FIG. 4. While the nozzle can be a weldment in the particular nozzle illustrated, the walls arev generally of uniform thickness, being cast to three-sixths inch, with the exception of fillets and bosses.
  • the outlet 14 opening is 8% X A inches converging from an inlet opening of 8% X 2 inches.
  • other configurations could be used particularly where the use is for other then attenuating glass filaments 16.
  • Examples of materials used for the nozzle 72 include lnconel 600 for weldments and Hastaloy and. lnconel 611 for castings. Other materials which may be considered for other uses would be 310 and 309 stainless.
  • a series of bosses 74 around the periphery of the inlet of the nozzle 72 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 are provided to allow expansion particularly of the width of the nozzle 72 while at the same time holding the nozzle 72 against the secondary combustion chamber insulating refractory 46 by means of mating stays 76.
  • Leakage between the nozzle 72 and the insulating Shroud is arranged to define cooling ducts 94 to the outer surface of nozzle 72.
  • Its casing 82 is spaced from the nozzle 72 and the plenum flange 56 or downstream face 45 of secondary combustion chamber 44.
  • An inlet port 88 extends across the width of shroud 80 between casing 50 and the rearrnost lip 83 of casing 82 by virtue of the standoff of the shroud from its mounting provided by side extensions 85 as illustrated in FIG.
  • Cast to the inside periphery of the shroud 80 is an insulating refractory held to the casing 82 by suitable anchors 92, best illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the insulating refractory 90 above and below the nozzle 72 is formed with a profile terminating slightly beyond the nozzle 72 at the outlet 14 thereof.
  • the profile of the insulating refractory 90 is of a converging nature with respect to the outer surface of the nozzle in the direction of the outlet 14 resulting in cooling air being inspirated into the passages 94 by the heating gases leaving the outlet 14.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a modified form of the nozzle 72 illustrated in FIG. 3, having the addition of cooling fins 98 for increasing the surface area of the nozzle 72 thereby increasing the efficiency of cooling by the air 'drawn into the shroud 80.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an alternate combustor 30 having the same configuration as the preferred embodiment, but constructed of sintered powder metal walls 100 of a much heavier thickness than the foraminate sheet material 34.
  • the permeable walls 100 all pass the difiused premix into the combustion chamber 32 from the plenum 26.
  • Other permeable materials could be employed.
  • the thin layer may provide a buffer against resonant noise.
  • the indentation of the back plate 38 has resulted in a substantial heating of the apex of the indentation as has been observed by a glowing of the apex when the burner 30 is in operation. Since the premix is delivered to this isolated hot portion upon entering the plenum 26, the premix is preheated by contact with the back plate 38 before entering the primary combustion chamber 32 further enhancing the rate of combustion.
  • Characteristics such as preheated fuel, uniform distribution of premix, and a large uniform surface for combustion to uniformly distribute the products of combustion are particularly important in producing a high energy stream of heating gases for attenuating glass filaments 16 into fibers 20.
  • the opposed fuel-air premix permeable planar surfaces of the combustor are believed to provide a broad area for the ignition of the premix and a region in which burning can be completed while avoiding excessive turbulence in the products of combustion.
  • the opposed planar surfaces 34 are parallel. For a high quality fiber product having uniform physical characteristics, combustion should be complete within the burner 10.
  • a secondary chamber 44 is added, as pointed out above, to allow the ignited premix time to complete combustion.
  • the gases produced by complete combustion obtain temperatures hotter than those otherwise produced and the increased temperature increases production efficiency in terms of pounds of glass fiber attenuated per unit volume of fuel. It will be noted that com- I plete combustion also eliminates the possibility of flame emitting from the burner 10. Flames exiting a burner will remelt the fibers formed upon contacting the fibers.
  • the nozzle 72 has proven to be stable in its outlet configuration at operating temperature with a minimum of distortion to produce the desired stream of heating gases.
  • the preferred embodiment illustrated was found to maintain its configuration under repeated cycling from ambient to operating temperatures and back to ambient. It appears that cycling has little effect on the life of the nozzle and a life of up to 2 years is expected.
  • the increase in life for the nozzle 72 above is also expected of the combustor 30 because of the low operating temperature of the combustor 30.
  • the burner 10 of the preferred embodiment produces a greater amount of glass fiber than the prior art burners for a given amount of fuel consumed as indicated by a 5 percent savings in fuel consumption for a similar production of fibers 20. It is therefore concluded that there is a higher operating efficiency for the present burner 10.
  • the present burner 10 is one constructed basically of metal which operates satisfactorily to produce the high energy stream of heating gases with the required force to attenuate glass filaments of high quality and accomplishes this result with greater efficiency.
  • a longer life can be expected of the burner 10 due to the greater stability of the metallic components over the prior art refractory components with the metallic components reducing burner size and weight.
  • Operation of the burner 10 is cooler with respect to personnel due to the lower operating temperature of the combustor 30 and the shroud around the nozzle 72.
  • There is a simplification of design in the present burner 10 resulting in a greater ruggedness and this along with the greater stability in the combustor 30. and nozzle 72 results in longer life for higher line production and less down time.
  • Burner apparatus for burning a fuel-air mixture comprising:
  • a metallic housing having at least two opposing fuel-air mixture permeable surfaces defining walls of a combustion chamber, said permeable surfaces having openings located therein to disperse combustion of the fuel-air mixture over said surfaces, said chamber having an outlet port;
  • a plenum chamber encompassing at least said permeable surfaces and exposing said outlet port to the exterior of said combustion chamber;
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said surfaces are parallel and planar.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a pair of end plates extending between the ends of said surfaces and a back plate extending between the sides of said surfaces opposite said outlet port, said plates and surfaces forming said metallic housing.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said means for dispersing said fuel-air mixture is said back plate which is indented toward the inside of said metallic housing to provide a flow guide for dispersing the fuel-air mixture in said plenum.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said indented back plate is extended sufficiently into said housing to heat the apex thereof whereby the fuelair mixture contacting the apex is preheated prior to entering said metallic housing.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein said means for supplying fuel-air mixture includes a conduit having an aperture facing and adjacent said indented back plate.
  • Burner apparatus for burning a fuel-air mixture comprising:
  • a metallic housing having at least two opposing fuel-air mixture permeable surfaces defining wall portions of a combustion chamber, said penneable surfaces having openings located therein to disperse combustion of the fuel-air mixture over said surfaces, said chamber having an outlet port to the exterior of said chamber;
  • a plenum chamber encompassing at least said permeable surfaces and exposing said outlet port to the exterior of said chamber;
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein said nozzle includes at least two converging sides.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 12 including a refractory chamber intermediate said metallic housing and said nozzle.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 12 including a shroud for said nozzle to shield the surroundings of said nozzle from heat radiating therefrom.
  • Burner apparatus as defined in claim 18 including means maintaining said shroud spaced from said nozzle to define a duct for cooling fluid, and cooling fins extending from said nozzle into said duct.
  • Burner apparatus for burning a fuel-air mixture comprising:
  • a metallic housing having a fuel-air mixture permeable surface defining a wall portion of a combustion chamber, said chamber having an outlet port to the exterior of said chamber;
  • a plenum chamber encompassing at least said permeable surface and exposing said outlet port to the exterior of said chamber
  • a metallic nozzle communicating with said outlet port in said metallic housing, said nozzle including an outlet having a rectangular cross section;
  • a shroud for said nozzle to shield the surroundings of said nozzle from heat radiating therefrom said shroud including stays for mounting said nozzle with respect to the axial direction of said burner while allowing expansion of said nozzle in the direction parallel to the width of its rectangularoutsaidnozzle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
US00148841A 1971-06-01 1971-06-01 Apparatus for generating high energy gaseous blast Expired - Lifetime US3736094A (en)

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US14884171A 1971-06-01 1971-06-01

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US (1) US3736094A (fr)
JP (1) JPS549339B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU458367B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE784193A (fr)
BR (1) BR7203502D0 (fr)
CA (1) CA951237A (fr)
DE (1) DE2226939A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2141127A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1369565A (fr)
IT (1) IT958191B (fr)
NL (1) NL7207458A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2389072A1 (fr) * 1977-04-27 1978-11-24 Thormack Eng Ltd Chambre de combustion evasee
US4309165A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-01-05 Mcelroy James G High velocity combustion furnace and burner
FR2618139A1 (fr) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-20 Manville Corp Appareil et procede pour etirer des fibres de verre
FR2835906A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-15 Saint Gobain Isover Bruleur a combustion interne, notamment pour l'etirage de fibres minerales
US20040060300A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Andrew Schlote Combustion method and apparatus
US20040083734A1 (en) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-06 Kendall Robert M. Sintered metal fiber liner for gas burners
WO2005114050A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-12-01 Innovative Energy, Inc. Procede et appareil de combustion
US20070141522A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Borders Harley A Burner apparatus and methods for making inorganic fibers
EP1801082A2 (fr) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 Johns Manville Procédé et systèmes de fabrication de fibres inorganiques
US7402039B1 (en) 2003-03-17 2008-07-22 Mcelroy James G High velocity pressure combustion system
US20080280243A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2008-11-13 Malcolm Swanson Burner assembly
WO2008153982A1 (fr) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-18 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Appareil et procédé pour l'application d'un matériau réfractaire
US20110104622A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Trane International Inc. Gas-Fired Furnace With Cavity Burners

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841213A (en) * 1952-04-10 1958-07-01 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Gas burner apparatus for forming glass fibers
US3045278A (en) * 1959-04-03 1962-07-24 Engelhard Ind Inc Fiber forming torch
US3322180A (en) * 1965-06-14 1967-05-30 Johns Manville Burner apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841213A (en) * 1952-04-10 1958-07-01 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Gas burner apparatus for forming glass fibers
US3045278A (en) * 1959-04-03 1962-07-24 Engelhard Ind Inc Fiber forming torch
US3322180A (en) * 1965-06-14 1967-05-30 Johns Manville Burner apparatus

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4230447A (en) * 1977-04-27 1980-10-28 Thormack Engineering Ltd. Flared combustion chamber
FR2389072A1 (fr) * 1977-04-27 1978-11-24 Thormack Eng Ltd Chambre de combustion evasee
US4309165A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-01-05 Mcelroy James G High velocity combustion furnace and burner
FR2618139A1 (fr) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-20 Manville Corp Appareil et procede pour etirer des fibres de verre
FR2835906A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-15 Saint Gobain Isover Bruleur a combustion interne, notamment pour l'etirage de fibres minerales
WO2003069226A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Saint-Gobain Isover Bruleur a combustion interne, notamment pour l'etirage de fibres minerales
US20050191590A1 (en) * 2002-02-13 2005-09-01 Saint Gobain Isover Internal combustion burner, particularly for drawing mineral fibers
US7658609B2 (en) * 2002-02-13 2010-02-09 Saint-Gobain Isover Internal combustion burner, particularly for drawing mineral fibers
US20040060300A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Andrew Schlote Combustion method and apparatus
US7080517B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2006-07-25 Innovative Energy, Inc. Combustion method and apparatus
US20040083734A1 (en) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-06 Kendall Robert M. Sintered metal fiber liner for gas burners
US7402039B1 (en) 2003-03-17 2008-07-22 Mcelroy James G High velocity pressure combustion system
US20080280243A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2008-11-13 Malcolm Swanson Burner assembly
US7914280B2 (en) * 2004-05-19 2011-03-29 Innovative Energy, Inc. Combustion method and apparatus
US20080166672A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2008-07-10 Innovative Energy, Inc. Combustion Method and Apparatus
WO2005114050A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-12-01 Innovative Energy, Inc. Procede et appareil de combustion
EP1801082A2 (fr) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 Johns Manville Procédé et systèmes de fabrication de fibres inorganiques
US20070141522A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Borders Harley A Burner apparatus and methods for making inorganic fibers
EP1801082A3 (fr) * 2005-12-21 2007-08-15 Johns Manville Procédé et systèmes de fabrication de fibres inorganiques
US7581948B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2009-09-01 Johns Manville Burner apparatus and methods for making inorganic fibers
US20090297994A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2009-12-03 Johns Manville Burner apparatus and methods for making inorganic fibers
US8650915B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2014-02-18 Johns Manville Processes and systems for making inorganic fibers
US8192195B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2012-06-05 Johns Manville Burner apparatus and methods for making inorganic fibers
US7802452B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2010-09-28 Johns Manville Processes for making inorganic fibers
US20100319404A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2010-12-23 Harley Allen Borders Processes and systems for making inorganic fibers
WO2008153982A1 (fr) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-18 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Appareil et procédé pour l'application d'un matériau réfractaire
EP2167238A4 (fr) * 2007-06-07 2011-06-22 Specialty Minerals Michigan Appareil et procédé pour l'application d'un matériau réfractaire
US20100196598A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2010-08-05 Speciality Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Apparatus and method for the applying of refractory material
EP2167238A1 (fr) * 2007-06-07 2010-03-31 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Appareil et procédé pour l'application d'un matériau réfractaire
US8881673B2 (en) * 2007-06-07 2014-11-11 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Apparatus and method for the applying of refractory material
US20110104622A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Trane International Inc. Gas-Fired Furnace With Cavity Burners
US8591222B2 (en) * 2009-10-30 2013-11-26 Trane International, Inc. Gas-fired furnace with cavity burners

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA951237A (en) 1974-07-16
NL7207458A (fr) 1972-12-05
AU458367B2 (en) 1975-02-27
DE2226939A1 (de) 1973-01-04
IT958191B (it) 1973-10-20
FR2141127A5 (fr) 1973-01-19
JPS549339B1 (fr) 1979-04-24
BE784193A (fr) 1972-11-30
AU4283972A (en) 1973-12-06
BR7203502D0 (pt) 1973-06-26
GB1369565A (en) 1974-10-09

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