US3731286A - Analog signal delay arrangement - Google Patents

Analog signal delay arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3731286A
US3731286A US00049718A US3731286DA US3731286A US 3731286 A US3731286 A US 3731286A US 00049718 A US00049718 A US 00049718A US 3731286D A US3731286D A US 3731286DA US 3731286 A US3731286 A US 3731286A
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Prior art keywords
signal
operational amplifier
contacts
tobacco
storage elements
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00049718A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Graalmann
D Wellach
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Koerber AG
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Hauni Werke Koerber and Co KG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
    • G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D11/131—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
    • G05D11/133—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components with discontinuous action
    • G05D11/134—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components with discontinuous action by sensing the weight of the individual components

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a delay arrangement for delaying an analog signal between signal furnishing means and a receiver.
  • it relates to such a delay arrangement when used in a tobacco processing machine.
  • An analog signal can be furnished by signal furnishing means which may, for example, be measuring means for measuring a given quantity or alternatively may be means for furnishing a desired value of a specified quantity. In special cases, such a signal may also be entered manually.
  • the receiver means which receive the analog signal after the delay time, may be receiver means for receiving such a measurement signal or desired signal, and may be connected with a control arrangement which, under the control of the analog signal, controls a part of the tobacco processing.
  • a given quantity of tobacco is, for example, to be combined with additives such as moisture or casing or flavoring liquid, it is particularly important in determining the quality of the tobacco that a predetermined ratio is maintained between the quantity of tobacco and the quantity of additive.
  • the mixing process may take place at a mixing station.
  • the weight of tobacco furnished to the mixing station will not, in general, remain constant. This requires a corresponding variation in the weight of additive to be supplied.
  • the time that the tobacco travels from the place where it is, for example, weighed to the mixing station differs from the time required for a controlled amount of liquid additive to reach said mixing station. Generally, the time required for the tobacco to reach the station is considerably longer.
  • the signal indicating the varying weight of tobacco must be delayed when this signal is applied to the control of the amount of liquid additive to be used at the mixing station.
  • the individual streams of tobacco are measured and the analog signal corresponding to one of the measured values is used as a control signal for the other streams. That is, the analog signals representing the measured values of the other tobacco streams are compared to the corresponding analog signal representing the stream to be used as a standard.
  • the difference signals resulting from these comparisons are then used to control processing elements at processing stations for the various streams.
  • the processing stations are often at a distance from the measurement stations and it is therefore required that the various difference signals be delayed prior to application to the processing elements and that this delay take place without excessive distortion of said signals.
  • the heat supplied by a heating source is controlled in dependence on the varying amount of tobacco and/or the moisture content in said tobacco.
  • a time difference is present between the time the weight of the tobacco or its moisture content is determined, and the time at which the heat source is to be controlled.
  • an analog signal must be stored for a corresponding delay time.
  • RC elements are used as time delay elements. However, these elements are not used' for furnishing long delay times becuase the capacitors do not maintain their charge for arbitrary time periods. Furthermore these elements are not adapted to hold analog values, for example in the form of a time varying voltage without considerable distortion.
  • This invention is an analog signal delay arrangement comprising signal furnishing means which furnish an analog signal. It further comprises a plurality of storage elements each for storing the instantaneous value of an analog signal applied thereto. Further furnished are receiver means. Cyclic transmission means transmit the .analog signal from the signal furnishing means to each of said storage elements in a predetermined sequence, thereby creating a stored signal in each of said storage elements. The cyclic transmission means further transmit the stored signals to the receiver means, each of said stored signals being transmitted to the receiver means at a predetermined time delay following the storing of the signals.
  • the analog signals are actually divided into a plurality of instantaneous values, each of these instantaneous values being stored in a storage element.
  • the instantaneous values are then read out from the storage element within the same cycle of the cyclic transmission means, but after a delay time.
  • the-storage in the individual elements and the read out from said storage elements may be controlled by an activating means which operates cyclicly and allows simultaneous storing in one element and read out from another storage element. This cyclic activating element thereby controls the frequency with which signals are read into storage, signals are read from storage, and the time delay between storage and read out.
  • the cyclic activating means should operate synchronously with the operation of the tobacco processing arrangement.
  • the cyclic transmission means may comprise a plurality of first contacts, each of said first contacts connecting said signal furnishing means to one of said storage elements when activated. It may further comprise a plurality of second contacts, each of said second contacts connecting said receiver means to oneof said storage elements.
  • cyclic activating means activate each of said first and second connecting means. If each of the first and second connecting means is a pair of contacts in a Reed relay, then the cyclic activating element may be a rotating element carrying a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet causes closing of the contacts when in the operative vicinity thereof. In this arrangement, contacts are protected against dust, and no contact wear results from the interaction of the rotating elements and the contacts constituting the transmission means.
  • an electronic circuit may be used as cyclic activating means.
  • a shift register may be used.
  • an operational amplifier is furnished between the signal furnishing means and the storage means and also between the storage elements and the receiver means. Since the transmission into the storage elements should be effected rapidly, while read out from the storage elements should take place without excessive power loss, the operational amplifiers have high input impedances and low output impedances.
  • averaging means may be connected to the operational amplifier means in order to smooth the instantaneous values of the signals.
  • Mechanical, pneumatic or electrical components may be used as storage elements.
  • Electrical elements as, for example, magnetic cores are particularly suitable because of their simple construction and relatively short response time.
  • Capacitors may also be used.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for delaying an analog signal using electromechanical circuit activating means
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for delaying an analog signal using an electronic circuit.
  • the signal furnishing means are denoted by reference number 38, while the receiver means comprise a power amplifier 22 in conjunction with a motor 17 driving a pump 16.
  • the pump pumps an additive such as a casing liquid to be mixed with the tobacco in a mixing station 2.
  • Tobacco 43 is supplied by a tobacco supply arrangement 3 which comprises a conveyor belt 4, an inclined conveyor 6 with smoothing 7 from which the tobacco moves to a conveyor-weighing roller mechanism 8 and a further conveyor belt 9.
  • the drum 11 wherein the mixing is carried out, conveyor belt 9 and the conveyor belt of the weighing arrangement 8 I are all driven by means of a common drive 12.
  • a conveyor belt 13 serves to remove the tobacco after treatment, that is after mixing with the additive.
  • the container 18 contains the liquid casing or flavoring and is connected to a pump 16 by means of a line 19.
  • the liquid is pumped to a spray arrangement 14 via a pipe 21.
  • Pump 16 is driven by a variable speed motor 17.
  • the mixing arrangement for the tobacco and the liquid is denoted by 44.
  • the plurality of storage elements in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is a plurality of capacitors denoted by reference numerals 23a through 23f.
  • Cyclic transmission means, 1, comprise a plurality of first connecting means, namely contact pairs labelled 24a through 24f which, when activated, (closed) each connect the signal furnishing means 38 to one of the storage elements 23a through 23f.
  • the second connecting means, namely contact pairs 26a through 26f serve to connect each storage element with the receiver means when activated.
  • a switching element which rotates in the direction of the arrow 28 is denoted by reference numeral 27. This element rotates about an axis 29 and comprises an arm 31 on which is mounted a permanent magnet 32. Line 31 indicates that the rotating switching element 27 is driven by drive 12 via gearing 34.
  • Rotation of arm 27 causes sequential closure of contact pairs 24:: through 24f and 26a through 26f. It is seen that in the present arrangement one of the pairs of contacts 24 is always activated substantially simultaneously with one of the pairs of contacts 26. Thus a signal is stored and the value of a previously stored signal is read out substantially simultaneously.
  • the rotational speed of arm 31 determines the frequency with which signals are stored, the frequency with which signals are read out, as well as the delay time between storing and read out.
  • the tobacco is fed into the arrangement via conveyor belt 4 and transported via the inclined conveyor belt 6 in the direction of the arrow. Rollers 7 serve to equalize roughly the quantity of tobacco being transported.
  • the tobacco 43 then reaches the conveyorweighing arrangement 8 where it is weighed and at which time an analog electrical signal corresponding to the weight of the tobacco is furnished by signal furnishing means 38.
  • the tobacco arrives at a conveyor belt 9 which conveys it to the drum 11.
  • Pump 16 pumps liquid from container 18 and pushes it through line 21 into the spraying arrangement 14. There the liquid is sprayed onto the tobacco at the mixing stage 44. After treatment, tobacco 43 moves onto conveyor belt 13 for the further processing. In order that a good quality of tobacco, for example in cigarettes, may be obtained, the percentage relationship between the liquid additive and the tobacco 43 is to be exactly maintained.
  • the operational amplifier 36 has, as stated above, a high input impedance.
  • the output of operational amplifier 36 which is a low impedance output, is connected via line 41 to contacts 24a through 24f.
  • Switching element 27 is driven in the direction of the arrow by means of drive 12 via gearing 34.
  • the time required for one operating cycle, that is one complete rotation of switching element 27, corresponds to the time required for tobacco 43 to move from weighing stage 8 to the mixing stage 44 decreased by the amount required to pump the liquid through pipe 21.
  • each of the contacts 24 and 26 is operated in sequence during each operating cycle for a short time period.
  • contacts 24a and 26a are being activated by permanent magnet 32 and are therefore closed.
  • the output it of operational amplifier 36 is connected via contact 24a with condenser 2311. Since the output of the operational amplifier 36 is a low impedance output, the capacitor is charged to the correct value almost without delay.
  • the permanent magnet 32 passes the contacts, the measurement value is stored in capacitor 23a.
  • contact 26a is closed, therefore capacitor 23fis connected to the high impedance input h of operational amplifier 37 via this pair of contacts 260.
  • a signal is read out from capacitor 23f.
  • This signal read out is the same signal which was stored at the beginning of the time delay period.
  • This signal is applied to the high impedance input h of amplifier 37. Almost no power is required because of the high impedance.
  • the output of operational amplifier 37 is furnished to power amplifier 22 without distortion and without time delay because of the low impedance output n.
  • Power amplifier 22 amplifies the signal and adjusts the speed of motor 17 as a function thereof.
  • the amount of liquid being pumped by pump 6 is varied in dependence upon the signal furnished by operational amplifier 37. It is thus adjusted to correspond to the amount of tobacco weighed at the beginning of the delay time interval and is thus in direct correspondence to the amount of tobacco being mixed at the time the signal is received at amplifier 22.
  • Further turning of arm 31 causes a short overlapping of the closing times of contacts 26a and 24f. This overlap serves to prevent interruption of the signal at the input of amplifier 22 and removes the necessity for averaging or filtering elements between contacts 26 and operational amplifier 37.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main difference between the arrangement of FIG. 2 and that of FIG. 1, is that in FIG. 2 the cyclic activating means comprise an electronic circuit.
  • the tobacco processing arrangement which may be identical to that of FIG. 1 is omitted in FIG. 2. Otherwise those components in FIG. 2 which correspond to components in FIG. 1, have the same reference numbers but increased by 100.
  • the cyclic activating means in FIG. 2 are a shift register 161 which has stages 1620 through 162i.
  • a magnet 163a through 163i is connected to each shift register stage.
  • Contacts 164a through 164i and 166a through 166i are each associated with one of the capacitors 167a through 167i which serve as storage elements. The contacts are activated by magnets 163a through 163i.
  • the mixing arrangement which is not shown is driven by a drive 112. This drive motor 112 also drives pulse furnishing means 156 as indicated by line 154.
  • the pulse furnishing means 156 comprise a cam disk 157 which rotates synchronously with motor 112.
  • Cams 168 induce pulses in a coil 158 which are shaped by a pulse former 159 which may, for example, be a monostable multivibrator.
  • a switch 152 which has contacts a and b connected to one side of a current source 151 serves to activate relay 153, thus in turn energizing motor 112. Closing of switch 152 also serves to energize shift register 161.
  • the input h of an operational amplifier 137 can be connected with capacitors 167a through 167i via contacts 164a through 164i.
  • a power amplifier 122 is connected to the output n of operational amplifier 137.
  • Amplifier 122 also serves to determine the speed of motor 117 which activates a pump for pumping liquid additive.
  • Operational amplifier 136 has connected to it averaging means, namely a capacitor 171 in parallel with a resistance 172. The parallel combination of capacitor 171 and resistance 172 is connected from the output of amplifier 136 to its input.
  • the output of signal furnishing means 138 is connected to the input h of operational amplifier 136.
  • the output it of operational amplifier 136 can be connected with capacitors 1670 through 167i via contacts 166a through 166i.
  • Switch 152 energizes relay 133 and thus driving motor 112 which operates the tobacco processing arrangement. Simultaneously, the shift register 161 is activated via contact a of switch 152. Cam disk 157 is driven synchronously with drive motor 112, causing cams 168 to induce pulses in coil 158 during rotation of said disk. These pulses are applied to pulse former 159 and there transformed, for example, into rectangular pulses. The pulse repetition rate at the output of pulse former 159 is the same as the repetition rate of the pulses applied to the pulse former.
  • vpulses are applied to the individual stages 162a through 162i of shift register 161 cuasing a pulse to be shifted through to this register at a rate determined by the repetition rate of the so-applied pulses.
  • the time required for a pulse to travel through all the stages of shift register 161 corresponds to the time required for the tobacco to travel from the measuring station 138 to the mixing station 44 (FIG. 1 decreased by the time required to pump the liquid from pump 117 to the mixing stage 44 of FIG. 1.
  • Relays 16311 through 163i are activated synchronously and cause closing of contacts 164 and 166 in a corresponding sequence.
  • the averaging means 169 comprising a capacitor 171 in parallel with a resistance 172, are connected from the output to the input of operational amplifier 136. This causes short time variations in the measurement signal which may lead to a distortion of the stored measuring value to be smoothed.
  • shift register 161 in this case controls both the time delay and the frequency of signal storage and signal read out.
  • the particular advantage of the present invention consists of the simple construction of the transmission and storage arrangement, By dividing the analog signal into a predetermined plurality of individual values, it is possible to store analog signals for relatively long time periods and thus to delay said analog signals.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that an arbitrary number of storage elements may be used. Thus, the individual values of the analog signal may follow so closely one upon the other that upon read out, a true representation without distortion of the initial analog signal results. 7.
  • Analog signal delay arrangement comprising, in combination, signal furnishing means for furnishing an analog signal; first operational amplifier means connected to said signal furnishing means, said first operational amplifier means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance; averaging means connected to said first operational amplifier means; a plurality of storage elements each for storing the instantaneous value of an analog signal applied thereto; additional operational amplifier means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance; receiver means connected to said additional operational amplifier means; a plurality of first normally open pairs of contacts each connecting one of said storage elements to said first operational amplifier means when closed; a plurality of second normally open pairs of contacts each connecting one of said storage elements to the input of said additional amplifier means when closed; and cyclic activating means having an operating cycle, for closing each of said first and second pairs of contacts in a predetermined sequence within each of said operating cycles in such a manner that each of said first pairs of contacts is activated substantially simultaneously with a corresponding one of said second pairs of contacts and in such a manner that each
  • said operational amplifier means comprise an operational amplifier having an input and an output; and wherein said averaging means comprise a feedback resistor, a feedback capacitor connected in parallel with said feedback resistor and connected from said output to said input of said operational amplifier.
  • An arrangement for processing tobacco at a processing station in dependence with the weight of tobacco at said processing station comprising, in combination, transport means transporting said tobacco along a predetermined path to said processing station; control means at said processing station for adding quantities of additives to said tobacco, said quantities of additives varying as a function of the amplitude of a control signal; measuring means located at a measuring station along said predetermined path preceding said processing station in the direction of transport of said tobacco, for continually measuring the quantity of tobacco transported per unit time and furnishing measurement signals having amplitudes corresponding to said so-measured quantity of tobacco; electric signal furnishing the means for converting said measurement signals into elecJric signals; a plurality of storage elements for storing the instantaneous value of an electrical signal applied thereto; and cyclic transmission means operating in synchronization with said transport means for transmitting said electrical signal from said signal furnishing means in a predetermined sequence to each of said storage elements, thereby creating a stored signal in each of said storage elements, and for transmitting each of said stored signals to said control
  • Signal delay arrangement as set forth in claim 4, further comprising operational amplifier means connected between said signal furnishing means and said storage elements.
  • Signal delay arrangement as set forth in claim 5, further comprising additional operational amplifier means connected between said storage elements and said control means; and wherein said operational amplifier means'and said additional operational amplifier means each have a high input impedance and a low output impedance.
  • Signal delay arrangement as set forth in claim 4, further comprising additional operational amplifier means connected between said storage elements and said control means.
  • said cyclic activating means comprise an electronic circuit.
  • each of said storage elements comprise a capacitor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
US00049718A 1969-06-28 1970-06-25 Analog signal delay arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3731286A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1932906A DE1932906C3 (de) 1969-06-28 1969-06-28 Anordnung zum Vereinigen von im schwankenden Mengenstrom gefördertem Tabak mit Zusätzen

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DE (1) DE1932906C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2048009B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1314247A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940678A (en) * 1974-12-31 1976-02-24 Yamatake-Honeywell Company Ltd. Multi-input switching means
US4513759A (en) * 1981-07-07 1985-04-30 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Apparatus for expelling moisture from tobacco or the like
US6155269A (en) * 1997-11-20 2000-12-05 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method for regulating the output humidity of tobacco

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2484664A1 (fr) * 1980-06-12 1981-12-18 Bec Freres Sa Procede, installations et engins mobiles pour melanger en continu des adjuvants a des materiau de remblai dans des proportions constantes
CN103892432A (zh) * 2012-12-25 2014-07-02 山东中烟工业有限责任公司青岛卷烟厂 烟草加工工艺中加香料液的流量控制方法及系统
CN103330272A (zh) * 2013-07-04 2013-10-02 河南省烟草公司商丘市公司 一种无线式烟草自动烘烤控制仪

Citations (13)

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US2966641A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-12-27 Reeves Instrument Corp Variable time delay apparatus
US2999914A (en) * 1957-12-23 1961-09-12 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Magnetic switch
US3060291A (en) * 1960-02-01 1962-10-23 Clare & Co C P Switching assembly
US3074048A (en) * 1959-03-20 1963-01-15 Raytheon Co Signal delay systems
US3142822A (en) * 1961-06-29 1964-07-28 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Apparatus for sampling, storing and summing signals
US3162738A (en) * 1962-11-30 1964-12-22 Ibm Magnetically actuated switching device
US3172036A (en) * 1960-11-15 1965-03-02 Pgac Dev Company Method and apparatus including capacitor circuit storage means for the delayed recording of borehole measurements
US3191158A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-06-22 Weyerhaeuser Co Capacitor memory device
US3192402A (en) * 1961-03-09 1965-06-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Delay network
US3375812A (en) * 1964-12-10 1968-04-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ignition device for internal combustion engine
US3412856A (en) * 1964-02-11 1968-11-26 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Method and apparatus for testing cigarettes and the like
US3441913A (en) * 1966-04-12 1969-04-29 James J Pastoriza Multiple signal sampling and storage elements sequentially discharged through an operational amplifier
US3579703A (en) * 1965-03-12 1971-05-25 Alfred Schmermund Arrangements for creating delayed electric control effects in response to the reception of electric impulses

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172043A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-03-02 Daniel E Altman Signal delay utilizing plurality of samplers each comprising switch, amplifier, andstorage element connected serially

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2999914A (en) * 1957-12-23 1961-09-12 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Magnetic switch
US2966641A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-12-27 Reeves Instrument Corp Variable time delay apparatus
US3074048A (en) * 1959-03-20 1963-01-15 Raytheon Co Signal delay systems
US3060291A (en) * 1960-02-01 1962-10-23 Clare & Co C P Switching assembly
US3172036A (en) * 1960-11-15 1965-03-02 Pgac Dev Company Method and apparatus including capacitor circuit storage means for the delayed recording of borehole measurements
US3192402A (en) * 1961-03-09 1965-06-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Delay network
US3142822A (en) * 1961-06-29 1964-07-28 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Apparatus for sampling, storing and summing signals
US3162738A (en) * 1962-11-30 1964-12-22 Ibm Magnetically actuated switching device
US3191158A (en) * 1963-10-23 1965-06-22 Weyerhaeuser Co Capacitor memory device
US3412856A (en) * 1964-02-11 1968-11-26 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Method and apparatus for testing cigarettes and the like
US3375812A (en) * 1964-12-10 1968-04-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ignition device for internal combustion engine
US3579703A (en) * 1965-03-12 1971-05-25 Alfred Schmermund Arrangements for creating delayed electric control effects in response to the reception of electric impulses
US3441913A (en) * 1966-04-12 1969-04-29 James J Pastoriza Multiple signal sampling and storage elements sequentially discharged through an operational amplifier

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940678A (en) * 1974-12-31 1976-02-24 Yamatake-Honeywell Company Ltd. Multi-input switching means
US4513759A (en) * 1981-07-07 1985-04-30 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Apparatus for expelling moisture from tobacco or the like
US6155269A (en) * 1997-11-20 2000-12-05 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method for regulating the output humidity of tobacco
US6502581B2 (en) 1997-11-20 2003-01-07 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method and device for regulating the output humidity of tobacco

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1932906B2 (de) 1978-06-15
DE1932906C3 (de) 1979-02-08
FR2048009A1 (de) 1971-03-19
GB1314247A (en) 1973-04-18
FR2048009B1 (de) 1974-03-15
DE1932906A1 (de) 1971-01-07

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