US3729309A - Method for adding alloying elements to molten metals - Google Patents

Method for adding alloying elements to molten metals Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3729309A
US3729309A US00015339A US3729309DA US3729309A US 3729309 A US3729309 A US 3729309A US 00015339 A US00015339 A US 00015339A US 3729309D A US3729309D A US 3729309DA US 3729309 A US3729309 A US 3729309A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
steel
molten
alloying elements
molten metals
metals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00015339A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
T Kawawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Engineering Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Kokan Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Kokan Ltd filed Critical Nippon Kokan Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3729309A publication Critical patent/US3729309A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12222—Shaped configuration for melting [e.g., package, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for adding alloying elements to molten metals during a refining procedure. More particularly, it relates to the addition of such elements which are liable to be converted into either a nitride or oxide by reaction with the atmosphere ambient to the molten metals in a container such as a ladle.
  • the said alloying elements i.e., Si, Al, Ti, V, La, Nb, or alloys containing one or more of the above have been added in the form of a lump, a bar or the like to molten steel by conventional methods, wherein they are either added directly to the molten metals tapped into a ladle or placed in a ladle prior to the teeming.
  • the yield of Al and Ti is low and unstable because of the ready reaction thereof with the atmosphere, although various shapes of Al and Ti have been proposed in order to promote a high yield in steelmaking.
  • the low and unstable yield of Al and Ti results from an oxidation loss caused by their reaction with either oxygen or oxidizing slag in the molten steel or the atmosphere surrounding the molten steel during tapping.
  • the dimensions of the atmosphere involved during tapping is 20 to 30 times larger than that of the molten steel, thus leading to a large oxidation loss.
  • the oxidation loss is increased by a reaction with nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  • This invention relates to a method of adding alloying elements, liable to react with the atmosphere, to the initially refined molten metals.
  • Al Ti and alloys containing the same are added to the molten steel in the form of a wire rod at a speed ranging from 2.5 to 50 m./sec. While the steel is stirred.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are cross-sectional views of different stirring devices
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the deviation of Sol. Al in a steel alloy using a conventional method
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing deviation of S01. Al in a steel alloy using a method embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing deviation of Ti in a steel alloy obtained by a conventional method.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing deviation of Ti in a steel alloy obtained by a method embodying the present invention.
  • the primary refining procedure is completed in a furnace 1, wherein the necessary alloying elements are added prior to theaddition of the elements, liable to be transformed into nitride or oxide, in such a way as to improve the yield of the latter elements.
  • Said primarily refined molten metals are transferred from the furnace to a ladle 2, having a porous refractory material 3 forming part of its surface.
  • gases which are harmless to the steels, such as Ar and N are blown.
  • the alloying agents in the shape of wire are fed through a reel 4 and guides 4, 5 and 7 by means of a wire feed device 6 and inserted into the molten steel or iron at high speed.
  • the diameter of said wire rod ranges from 3 to 20 mm. and the adding speed ranges from 2.5 to 50 m./sec.
  • a wire rod of less than 3 mm. in diameter is apt to be entangled in the guide 7 and cannot be fed with ease, whereas one of more than 20 mm. in diameter cannot be bent along the guide 7 with ease.
  • Alloying agents with a lower specific gravity than iron, especially Al and Ti, will float on to the molten steel surface and will not disperse throughout the steel if added at a speed of less than 2.5 m./ sec.
  • the adding speed has to be controlled so as to promote uniform distribution of the alloy compositions.
  • FIG. 4 shows an electric stirring system by means of a coil 10 supplying induction power to steel positioned in the ladle.
  • any stirring method for uniformly stirring the Whole molten steel in the ladle is applicable for the uniform dispersion of said alloying agents and oxidizing agents added at a high speed in the molten bath.
  • a stirring system of this kind not only helps in the uniform dispersion of the alloy agents in the bath but also makes such inclusions as A1 0 Ti0 and TiN formed by A1 and Ti and their alloy additions float up to the surface, thus providing advantages in manufacturing refined and purified steel alloy.
  • the alloying agents in the form of wire rod are directly dispersed throughout the molten steel without a reaction with slag or the atmosphere, thus improving the yield in steel making.
  • EXAMPLE 2 When AISI 321 steel produced in a 40 ton electric furnace is tapped into a ladle, bar-shaped Al and Fe-Ti alloy have been added simultaneously in the known method.
  • the other alloying elements except Al and Ti are first added to a ladle in the conven tional way and then Al wire rod of 8 mm. in diameter is inserted at a speed of 5 m./sec. and Ti wire rod of mm. in diameter is inserted at the speed of 6 m./ sec. successively.
  • This steel requires 5 times as much Ti addition as compared with carbon steel.
  • FIG. 7 sho deviation of Ti in the steel by the conventional method
  • FIG. 8 shows the result obtained by the present invention.
  • the method of this invention decreases formation of TiN in the molten metals because of the high speed addition of Ti wire rod to a ladle and produces 0.4 mm. cold rolled steel plates of greatly improved yield ranging from 90 to 95% as a result.
  • a large amount of TiN inclusion occurs in known method because of reaction with the atmosphere and therefore only 60 to 80% of the 0.4 mm. cold rolled steel plates were rated as first class.
  • Titanium killed steel namely AISI steel 321, is produced from a 14 ton steel ingot with less than 0.08%
  • EXAMPLE 5 The following table shows the comparative results in producing rimmed steels containing 0.05 to 0.06% of carbon, 0.30 to 0.50% of manganese and less than 0.020% of phosphorus and sulphur respectively.
  • Al content means free control of the oxygen content of rimmed steel or semi-killed steel. Rapid analysis of the oxygen content of the molten metals prior to tapping facilitates manufacture of cold rolled steel plates of high quality both on the surface and internally with a much improved yield under the optimum rimming treatment based on the controlled oxygen content.
  • the method of the invention is applicable not only to A1 and Ti but also to any other metallic alloying element, which is liable to react upon the atmospheric conditions, and which is capable of being formed into a wire rod.
  • a method of uniformly alloying molten steel in a molten bath thereof with an alloying element, said element being capable of reaction with the atmosphere above said bath which comprises continuously feeding a wire rod of said alloying element and having a diameter ranging from 3 to 20 mm. into said molten steel bath at a speed of 2.5 to 50 meters per second, while separately stirring the whole of said molten steel bath by a means non'reactive with said molten steel bath so that as said wire rod is consumed upon entering said molten steel bath said bath is being stirred, thereby uniformly distributing said alloying element therein, thus permitting formation of a steel alloy of uniform predetermined composition.
  • alloying element is selected from the group consisting of silicon, vanadium, lanthanum and niobium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US00015339A 1969-03-07 1970-03-02 Method for adding alloying elements to molten metals Expired - Lifetime US3729309A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP44017041A JPS4936086B1 (fr) 1969-03-07 1969-03-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3729309A true US3729309A (en) 1973-04-24

Family

ID=11932899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00015339A Expired - Lifetime US3729309A (en) 1969-03-07 1970-03-02 Method for adding alloying elements to molten metals

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3729309A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4936086B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA920373A (fr)
DE (1) DE2010751A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2034736B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1298981A (fr)
NL (1) NL151136B (fr)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841867A (en) * 1969-10-15 1974-10-15 British Steel Corp Alloying steels
US3915693A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-10-28 Robert T C Rasmussen Process, structure and composition relating to master alloys in wire or rod form
US3947265A (en) * 1973-10-23 1976-03-30 Swiss Aluminium Limited Process of adding alloy ingredients to molten metal
US3955967A (en) * 1973-05-02 1976-05-11 The Algoma Steel Corporation, Limited Treatment of steel
US4036641A (en) * 1976-01-20 1977-07-19 British Cast Iron Research Association Cast iron
US4043798A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-08-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Process for producing steel having improved low temperature impact characteristics
DE2607947A1 (de) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-01 Krupp Gmbh Beschickungseinrichtung
US4057420A (en) * 1976-02-06 1977-11-08 Airco, Inc. Methods for dissolving volatile addition agents in molten metal
US4085252A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-04-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Composite wire with a base of cerium and other rare earths
US4088477A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-09 Ford Motor Company Sheathless wire feeding of alloy and inoculant materials
US4088475A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-09 Olin Corporation Addition of reactive elements in powder wire form to copper base alloys
US4094666A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-06-13 Metal Research Corporation Method for refining molten iron and steels
US4128414A (en) * 1975-12-05 1978-12-05 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of introducing aluminum wire into steel melts and apparatus for practicing said method
US4143211A (en) * 1974-05-01 1979-03-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous casting addition material
US4154604A (en) * 1976-07-28 1979-05-15 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Feeding additives into the interior of molten metal
US4205981A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-06-03 International Harvester Company Method for ladle treatment of molten cast iron using sheathed magnesium wire
US4239192A (en) * 1977-09-02 1980-12-16 Fernand Morival Method and apparatus for improving the efficiency of the deoxidation, desulfurization and purification of steel in the pouring ladle
US4289533A (en) * 1978-03-02 1981-09-15 National Research Institute For Metals Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel
US4290805A (en) * 1978-04-06 1981-09-22 Compagnie Universelle D'acetylene Et D'electro-Metallurgie Method for obtaining iron-based alloys allowing in particular their mechanical properties to be improved by the use of lanthanum, and iron-based alloys obtained by the said method
US4308056A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-12-29 Italsider S.P.A. Method and apparatus for introducing solid substances into liquid metals
US4481032A (en) * 1983-08-12 1984-11-06 Pfizer Inc. Process for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material
EP0137618A2 (fr) * 1983-08-12 1985-04-17 Pfizer Inc. Procédé et appareil pour introduire du calcium dans un bain de fer fondu
US4701215A (en) * 1982-11-23 1987-10-20 Injectall Limited Apparatus for introducing substances into liquids e.g. metal melts
US4784832A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-11-15 Eckert Charles E Introducing materials into molten media
US4792431A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-12-20 Aluminum Company Of America Production of intermetallic particles
US4793971A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-12-27 Aluminum Company Of America Grain refining
FR2619396A1 (fr) * 1987-08-12 1989-02-17 Air Liquide Procede de brassage en poche d'acier a l'aide d'anhydride carbonique
US4900357A (en) * 1986-02-20 1990-02-13 Injectall Limited Injection of substances into high temperature liquids
US5030577A (en) * 1986-02-07 1991-07-09 Aluminum Company Of America In-line sampling/alloying system and method
US5076548A (en) * 1990-05-21 1991-12-31 Aluminum Company Of America Commutation means for on-line alloying
US20040110025A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-10 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Method for adding solid zinc-aluminum to galvanizing baths
US20070292299A1 (en) * 2004-12-06 2007-12-20 Alberto Andreussi Method to Obtain a Manganese Steel Alloy, and Manganese Steel Alloy Thus Obtained
US20100005927A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2010-01-14 Affival Procede et installation pour l'introduction d'un fil fourre dans un bain de metal en fusion
CN114210935A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-03-22 山东裕隆金和精密机械有限公司 一种高致密度铝合金压铸件的智能压铸系统及其压铸方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2433581A1 (fr) * 1978-07-27 1980-03-14 Morival Fernand Procede et appareils permettant d'ameliorer le rendement de la desoxydation, de la desulfuration et de l'epuration de l'acier dans la poche de coulee
US4238227A (en) * 1979-06-27 1980-12-09 United States Steel Corporation Cleansing of steel by gas rinsing
US4515630A (en) * 1983-08-15 1985-05-07 Olin Corporation Process of continuously treating an alloy melt

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841867A (en) * 1969-10-15 1974-10-15 British Steel Corp Alloying steels
US3915693A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-10-28 Robert T C Rasmussen Process, structure and composition relating to master alloys in wire or rod form
US3955967A (en) * 1973-05-02 1976-05-11 The Algoma Steel Corporation, Limited Treatment of steel
US3947265A (en) * 1973-10-23 1976-03-30 Swiss Aluminium Limited Process of adding alloy ingredients to molten metal
US4143211A (en) * 1974-05-01 1979-03-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous casting addition material
US4043798A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-08-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Process for producing steel having improved low temperature impact characteristics
US4085252A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-04-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Composite wire with a base of cerium and other rare earths
US4128414A (en) * 1975-12-05 1978-12-05 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of introducing aluminum wire into steel melts and apparatus for practicing said method
US4036641A (en) * 1976-01-20 1977-07-19 British Cast Iron Research Association Cast iron
US4057420A (en) * 1976-02-06 1977-11-08 Airco, Inc. Methods for dissolving volatile addition agents in molten metal
US4066248A (en) * 1976-02-27 1978-01-03 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Charging device
DE2607947A1 (de) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-01 Krupp Gmbh Beschickungseinrichtung
US4154604A (en) * 1976-07-28 1979-05-15 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Feeding additives into the interior of molten metal
US4108637A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-08-22 Ford Motor Company Sheathed wire feeding of alloy and inoculant materials
US4088477A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-09 Ford Motor Company Sheathless wire feeding of alloy and inoculant materials
US4088475A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-09 Olin Corporation Addition of reactive elements in powder wire form to copper base alloys
US4094666A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-06-13 Metal Research Corporation Method for refining molten iron and steels
US4239192A (en) * 1977-09-02 1980-12-16 Fernand Morival Method and apparatus for improving the efficiency of the deoxidation, desulfurization and purification of steel in the pouring ladle
US4289533A (en) * 1978-03-02 1981-09-15 National Research Institute For Metals Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel
US4290805A (en) * 1978-04-06 1981-09-22 Compagnie Universelle D'acetylene Et D'electro-Metallurgie Method for obtaining iron-based alloys allowing in particular their mechanical properties to be improved by the use of lanthanum, and iron-based alloys obtained by the said method
US4205981A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-06-03 International Harvester Company Method for ladle treatment of molten cast iron using sheathed magnesium wire
US4308056A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-12-29 Italsider S.P.A. Method and apparatus for introducing solid substances into liquid metals
US4701215A (en) * 1982-11-23 1987-10-20 Injectall Limited Apparatus for introducing substances into liquids e.g. metal melts
US4481032A (en) * 1983-08-12 1984-11-06 Pfizer Inc. Process for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material
EP0137618A2 (fr) * 1983-08-12 1985-04-17 Pfizer Inc. Procédé et appareil pour introduire du calcium dans un bain de fer fondu
EP0137618A3 (en) * 1983-08-12 1986-04-02 Pfizer Inc. Process and apparatus for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material
US4784832A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-11-15 Eckert Charles E Introducing materials into molten media
US4792431A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-12-20 Aluminum Company Of America Production of intermetallic particles
US4793971A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-12-27 Aluminum Company Of America Grain refining
US5030577A (en) * 1986-02-07 1991-07-09 Aluminum Company Of America In-line sampling/alloying system and method
US4900357A (en) * 1986-02-20 1990-02-13 Injectall Limited Injection of substances into high temperature liquids
EP0307262A1 (fr) * 1987-08-12 1989-03-15 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé de brassage en poche d'acier à l'aide d'anhydride carbonique
US4891063A (en) * 1987-08-12 1990-01-02 L'air Liquide Process for stirring steel in a ladle with the aid of carbon dioxide
AU608882B2 (en) * 1987-08-12 1991-04-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for stirring steel in a ladle with the aid of carbon dioxide
FR2619396A1 (fr) * 1987-08-12 1989-02-17 Air Liquide Procede de brassage en poche d'acier a l'aide d'anhydride carbonique
US5076548A (en) * 1990-05-21 1991-12-31 Aluminum Company Of America Commutation means for on-line alloying
US20040110025A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-10 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Method for adding solid zinc-aluminum to galvanizing baths
US6811589B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-11-02 Specialty Minerals Michigan Inc. Method for adding solid zinc-aluminum to galvanizing baths
US20070292299A1 (en) * 2004-12-06 2007-12-20 Alberto Andreussi Method to Obtain a Manganese Steel Alloy, and Manganese Steel Alloy Thus Obtained
US8636857B2 (en) * 2004-12-06 2014-01-28 F.A.R.—Fonderie Acciaierie ROIALE SpA Method to obtain a manganese steel alloy
US20100005927A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2010-01-14 Affival Procede et installation pour l'introduction d'un fil fourre dans un bain de metal en fusion
US8282704B2 (en) * 2006-10-03 2012-10-09 Affival Method and installation for introducing a cored wire into a bath of molten metal
CN114210935A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-03-22 山东裕隆金和精密机械有限公司 一种高致密度铝合金压铸件的智能压铸系统及其压铸方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA920373A (en) 1973-02-06
FR2034736A1 (fr) 1970-12-11
NL7003209A (fr) 1970-09-09
GB1298981A (en) 1972-12-06
FR2034736B1 (fr) 1974-03-01
NL151136B (nl) 1976-10-15
JPS4936086B1 (fr) 1974-09-27
DE2010751A1 (de) 1971-02-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3729309A (en) Method for adding alloying elements to molten metals
CA1092830A (fr) Methode d'affinage des fers et aciers en fusion
US3960616A (en) Rare earth metal treated cold rolled, non-oriented silicon steel and method of making it
US4268305A (en) Process for treating liquid steel intended in particular for manufacturing machine wire
US3169058A (en) Decarburization, deoxidation, and alloy addition
US4286984A (en) Compositions and methods of production of alloy for treatment of liquid metals
US3615348A (en) Stainless steel melting practice
US4165234A (en) Process for producing ferrovanadium alloys
US1727180A (en) Vanadium-aluminum-silicon alloy
US2847301A (en) Process of producing stainless steel
US2262887A (en) Manufacture of ferrous metals
US2036576A (en) Process for making alloys
US2853768A (en) Overhead conductor
US3879192A (en) Electroslag-remelting method
JP3362399B2 (ja) 清浄性およびエッチング穿孔性に優れたＦｅ−Ｎｉ 系合金冷延板およびその製造方法
US3305354A (en) Method of producing low oxygen oriented silicon-iron
JPH0959744A (ja) 伸線加工性及び耐時効性に優れた高炭素鋼線材及びその製造方法
EA003345B1 (ru) Способ снижения содержания азота в расплаве стали в процессе выплавки
US3598570A (en) Steelmaking process
JPS61174355A (ja) アモルフアス用母合金の製造方法
KR950003805B1 (ko) 용강중의 니오븀 첨가방법
US3244510A (en) Method of making electrical steel having superior magnetic properties
SU487129A1 (ru) Способ получени высокопрочной марганцевистой стали
US3754900A (en) Production of low nitrogen high chromium ferrous alloys
SU835629A1 (ru) Способ введени модификаторов приРАзлиВКЕ СТАли