US3728269A - Volatile cleaning composition - Google Patents

Volatile cleaning composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3728269A
US3728269A US00021725A US3728269DA US3728269A US 3728269 A US3728269 A US 3728269A US 00021725 A US00021725 A US 00021725A US 3728269D A US3728269D A US 3728269DA US 3728269 A US3728269 A US 3728269A
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cleaning
formulation
cleaner
cleaning composition
cleaned
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US00021725A
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G Stephenson
J Frangos
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
    • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0043—For use with aerosol devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0078—Compositions for cleaning contact lenses, spectacles or lenses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/164—Organic compounds containing a carbon-carbon triple bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2068—Ethers

Definitions

  • a new surface cleaner that is substantially completely volatile, requires no surface rubbing, can be utilized in a pressurized container, a degreasing or ultrasonic cleaning tank, a pump dispenser or other liquid delivery and dispensing systems, and comprises two or more readily volatilizable alcohols in solution with a surface active agent and a grease solvent.
  • the cleaner When packaged in pressurized containers or pump dispensers, the cleaner is capable of being sprayed as a liquid onto the surface to be cleaned, cleaning that surface, and completely evaporating, thereby eliminating the need for rubbing or wiping the workpiece surface and making the cleaner particularly applicable to optical lens surfaces.
  • the force generated in expelling the formulation from the pressurized container spreads the formulation over the surface, loosening and dislodging particles of dirt and dust thereon while dissolving oils, waxes, salts-organic and inorganic surface contaminants.
  • the volume and velocity of the delivered spray sluices and carries away all dislodged and dissolved materials to the lowest point on the surface being cleaned, leaving only a thin uniform film of the cleaning formulation evenly spread over the surface, which then evaporates substantially completely, leaving no visible residual film or spots.
  • the cleaning composition is contained in a degreasing or ultrasonic cleaning tank, the surface to be cleaned is dipped into the solution and, upon withdrawal of the surface from the tank, the cleaner Will evaporatively run off carrying away the dissolved organic and inorganic substances with it, leaving a clean, residue-free surface.
  • the present invention relates to new, surface cleaning compositions and more particularly to volatile, non-rubbing, optical lens cleaners, packaged in suitable containers.
  • cleaning formulations have been used in the past for cleaning surfaces such as glass, walls, woodwork, plastics, etc. These compositions generally contain a detergent. After being applied to clean a surface such as glass, generally by scouring, rubbing or abrasive action, they leave a film behind which acts as a trap for dirt and dust particles, and interferes with the optical preciseness of finely ground lenses.
  • most volatile cleaning compositions contain a combination of alcohol and water. Because of the high surface tension of water, these cleaning compositions, after spreading over the surface to be cleaned, coalesce in small droplets or globules. As the solvent evaporates from the surface to be cleaned, the water-soluble 3,728,269 Patented Apr. 17, 1973 dirt concentrates in these droplets and causes surface rings, or spotting.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition having effective cleaning capability, while leaving no residual film on the surface after cleanmg.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition which Will evaporate substantially completely after its cleaning function has been performed.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that completely eliminates the need for rubbing.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that can be easily applied to any surface by means of various liquid delivery and dispensing systems, such as pump dispensers.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that spreads over the entire surface to be cleaned in a continuous tfilm and thereby eliminates globular or fish eye formations and resulting spots.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that can be easily applied to any surface by spraying the composition from a pressurized container.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that contains minimal water.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that is capable of delivery in a high volume stream directed toward the surface to be cleaned, thereby dislodging and carrying away particles of dirt and dust which otherwise could not be removed during the cleaning operation without risk of scratching or marring the lens surface.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a cleaning composition that is capable of being applied to many smooth impervious surfaces, such as metals and plastics.
  • This invention relates to the formulation of a new, completely volatile, low water content cleaning composition
  • a new, completely volatile, low water content cleaning composition comprising varying amounts of two or more readily volatilizable alcohols as the major proportion of its ingredients and at least one volatile surface active agent, and which is utilized in a pressure dispensing or pump dispensing system, in an ambient pressure degreasing or ultrasonic type tank, or in other liquid delivery and dispensing systems.
  • the use of a substantially completely volatile, low water content cleaning composition packaged in a pressurized container provides an extremely effective optical lens cleaner capable of first dislodging and carrying away foreign particles accumulated on the surface and, secondly, capable of dissolving and removing films of the usually encountered types of grease, oil, wax and salt deposits Without leaving any residual film or spots. All of the compounds used in the cleaning formulation are substantially volatile and substantially anhydrous.
  • the surface to be cleaned can be dipped or maintained in the cleaning composition to dissolve the organic and inorganic surface contaminants; and, after removal from the tank and evaporation of the cleaning composition, the surface will be adequately clean, residue free and spotless.
  • this method of use it is desirable to employ two or three such tanks and to transfer the items to be cleaned in the same order from tank to tank so that the final dip will be with a soil-free cleaning composition.
  • compositions of this invention achieve these objectives by substantially reducing water and including a volatile surfactant and a volatile grease solvent in addition to different alcohols having different volatility rates to form the major proportion of the cleaning composition, all packaged in a pressurized container having a valve controlled outlet.
  • a cleaning composition is thus created that is capable of being applied at different cations to any surface to be cleaned and which washes away dirt and dust particles upon contact with the surface, dissolves most common inorganic and organic substances, spreads evenly over the entire surface, evaporates in a controlled graduated manner, and thus leaves no visible residual films or spots.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship of the vapor pressures of the alcoholic constituents utilized in this invention as a function of temperature as compared to that of water.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the graduated volatility of the components of a preferred cleaning formulation according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is the test results of a Differential Scanning Calorimeter showing the additional heat supplied to the preferred composition of this invention to compensate for evaporative cooling.
  • the present invention utilizes a mixture of at least two volatile alcohols and at least one volatile surface active agent.
  • the surface active agent must be miscible or soluble in the alcoholic mixture and may be one or more of the group consisting of wetting agents, detergents or grease solvents. These agents may themselves be readily volatilizable or may be volatilizable as a result of their solution in the alcoholic component.
  • the alcoholic component employed herein must be readily volatilizable at ambient pressure and temperature, i.e., atmospheric pressure and a temperature of not more than 80 F. Essentially included are methanol or ethanol, or both, which readily vaporize at ambient conditions, methanol being preferred in all compositions as will be pointed out hereinafter.
  • the propanols preferably n-propyl alcohol
  • unsaturated alcohols of 3-5 carbon atoms may be employed because of the miscibility of such alcohols and the tendency of the mixtures to form highly volatile azeotropes which will evaporate rapidly and completely.
  • the alcoholic component will comprise 70-99 percent by weight of the composition and the surface active agents will comprise 1-30 percent by weight of the composition.
  • at least percent by weight thereof should comprise methanol and/ or ethanol; preferably they should comprise at least percent by weight thereof.
  • the preferred alcohols are anhydrous or substantially anhydrous since water is considered detrimental to optimum operation. However, absorption of water in methanol and ethanol is difficult to avoid; accordingly, up to 8 percent by weight thereof and preferably not more than 5 percent may in practice be comprised of water.
  • the surface active agents should comprise not more than 10 percent by weight of the composition and preferably less than 5 percent.
  • the surface active agent may comprise up to 30 percent by weight of the composition although it is preferably less than 15 percent.
  • the surface active agents include grease solvents such as glycol ethers and dialkyl ethers, both having less than 6 carbon atoms.
  • Detergents having a relatively high degree of volatility which also function as surface active agents to promote uniform wetting are highly advantageously employed; the alkyl-substituted alkyn-ols having up to 12 carbon atoms and preferably 6-9 carbon atoms being exemplary thereof.
  • Other relatively volatile compounds exhibiting surface active propetries may also be employed such as C -C esters of C -C organic acids.
  • this cleaning formulation uses three alcohols, methanol, ethanol and n-propyl alcohol, to form 94-98% by weight of the cleaning composition. It is apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that this cleaning composition could be effective by using only two alcohols; preferably, eliminating the ethanol.
  • methanol acts as a solvent for many of the usual inorganic substances on the surface to be cleaned and carries them away by draining.
  • the ethanol is used in the preferred embodiment since it is capable of dissolving both inorganic and organic substances, end serves to provide an evaporative bridge between the higher volatility of methanol and the comparatively lower volatility of the n-propyl alcohol. The ethanol will also dissolve inorganic substances and some of the lighter organic substances.
  • n-propyl alcohol has vapor pressure near that of water and is the last alcohol to evaporate. ,Since the heavier organic soils are frequently more difiicult to dissolve, the use of n-propyl alcohol provides assurance that the stubborn heavier organic substances will be dissolved and carried away by drainage.
  • the remaining 26% of this preferred cleaning formulation comprises 13% by weight of a volatile surfactant, capable of performing as both a wetting agent and a detergent, preferably 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, and l-3% by Weight of a grease solvent in the glycol ether family, preferably 2-methoxy-ethanol.
  • a grease solvent in the glycol ether family, preferably 2-methoxy-ethanol.
  • the surfactant serves a two-fold purpose since it acts as a detergent which gives the formulation an added cleaning ability, and also performs as a wetting agent to assure that the cleaning composition will completely and uniformly spread over the entire surface to which it is applied.
  • FIG. 1 TABLE I Percent by weight Range Preferred in FIG. 1, the vapor pressures of the major constituents in the preferred formulation are plotted as a function of temperature.
  • the vapor pressure of water as a function of temperature is represented by the dotted line.
  • 96% of the preferred formulation has a vapor pressure which is greater than or very similar to that of Water. Since the volatility of a particular substance is directly related to the substances vapor pressure, it is reasonable to expect barring the existence of azeotropes, that each portion evaporating from the film of mixed solvents will be richer in the more volatile solvent, thus the last portion evaporating will be richest in the least volatile solvent.
  • the curve shown in FIG. 3 was generated by Warming the preferred formulation in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Perkin-Elmer Model DSC-IB.
  • the Differential Scanning Calorimeter contains two pans, a sample pan and a control or empty pan. The device records the heat that must be supplied to the sample pan to maintain both pans at the same temperature.
  • the curve shown in FIG. 3 was generated by placing the preferred formulation in the sample pan and leaving the second pan dry. Both pans were raised to increasing temperatures at the rate of 1.25 C. per minute from about 29 C. to about 39 C.
  • the curve of FIG. 3 records the additional heat reqlired to raise the sample pan temperature through each temperature increment, as compared to the heat needed to raise the dry control pan by the same increment of temperature.
  • the test results shown in FIG. 3 are thus believed to reflect significant fluctuatrons in the rate of evaporation of the composition with mcreasing temperature, and strongly suggest, as do visual tests, that the evaporative process occurs in three successive, recognizable steps or stages.
  • Line segment 21 is a smooth curve until the point of inflection 30 is reached.
  • the slope change there, between line segment 21 and the next lme segment 22 apparently represents a change in the heat of vaporization taking place in the pan containmg the preferred formulation.
  • Line segment 22 is a steeper, smooth curve until the next point of inflection 31 is reached at which time line segment 23 follows with a significantly different slope than line segments 21 or 22.
  • the duration of the test was approximately 8 minutes, but when the solution is spread onto a surface, the liquid depth is much less than it 'Was in the test pan, and the formulation normally completely evaporates in 23 minutes.
  • the last stage is charcterized by a visible haze, that appears and then slowly disappears; it is believed that this is the evaporation of the remaining 2-methoxy-ethanol and 3,5-diamethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol.
  • the surface is clean, has no dirt spots, and shows no visible residual film.
  • the judicious selection of solvents and surfactants which have the capability of dislodging, deterging or dissolving the soils, are substantially volatile and free of non-volatile impurities and therefore do not leave deposits, are substantially water-free and have low surface tensions and different vapor pressures, does create a cleaning composition that is capable of being applied to substantally any surface, either by utilizing a pressurized container or by immersion in an ultrasonic or conventional cleaning or degreasing tank, completely cleaning that surface by removing not only dust and dirt particles but also commonly encountered inorganic and 6 organic contaminants and leaving a residue-free, spotless surface.
  • the proper selection of one or more volatile solvents whose vapor pressure is less than that of water avoids severe evaporative cooling effects.
  • the surface of the workpiece is cooled to a temperature below the dew point and causes moisture condensation.
  • solvents that have vapor pressures less than water and, also, are solvents for water during the final stages of drying the condensed water will be dissolved in the solvent that are capable of uniformly wetting the surface. This prevents the condensation water from coating the surfaces, during drying, in the form of discrete droplets, or fish-eyes, with minute traces of particulate matter suspended and dissolved within, and leaving said particulate matter behind after drying in characteristic, spot-lke, visible patterns.
  • this cleaning composition is enhanced by delivery under pressure to provide a soil displacement force by packaging the formulation in a pressurized container or pump dispenser having a valve actuated discharge outlet.
  • the formulation is packaged under pressure in an aerosol-type pressurized container with a propellant, preferably dichlorodifluoromethane.
  • a propellant preferably dichlorodifluoromethane.
  • the second cleaning stage is achieved by the cleaning composition itself as it uniformly spreads over the entire surface to which it is applied and dissolves and carries away by gravity flow inorganic and organic substances on the surface, without leaving any visible residual film or spots.
  • This arrangement provides a self-flushing, self-cleaning, completely evaporative, non-wiping lens cleaner, leaving a residue-free, spotless surface.
  • the cleaning operation is accomplished by remote application and without ever having to touch the surface to be cleaned with anything except the cleaning composition.
  • the tests that have been performed on the surface cleaner formulated according to this invention have proven that normally soiled surfaces can be cleaned by a single application of this surface cleaner without manual contact with the surface. Furthermore, heavily soiled surfaces have also been cleaned by this surface cleaner by only several applications of the surface cleaner, and Without manual contact.
  • cleaning compositions have been found to be compatible with many materials. While the cleaning of optical lens surfaces was the principal objective in the formulation of these cleaning compositions, their efiicacy is not limited to lens surfaces; the compositions of this invention are highly effective in cleaning many different materials.
  • the preferred embodiment for the surface cleaner comprises packaging the formulation previously described with dichlorodifluoromethane as the propellant in such a manner that the pressurized container will contain about by weight of the formulation and about 15% by weight of the propellant. This has been prove to be an effective ratio to provide sufficient force for stage one dislodging cleaning.
  • the kind and amount of propellant used can be greatly varied since it is dependent upon other surrounding conditions.
  • the propellant content and type of propellant can be varied in accordance with the delivery force desired or the type of spraying effect that is sought. Furthermore, for every different discharge outlet used the propellant may be altered in order to achieve the propelling and spraying conditions desired.
  • This surface cleaner not only dislodges and sluices away surface dirt and dust particles upon application, but then uniformly spreads over the surface to which it is applied, and dissolves inorganic and organic substances. It is believed that as the formulation evaporates, it retreats as a single body of liquid to the lowest point of the surface to which it was applied with the retreating rear edge of this liquid body pushing ahead of itself and carrying with it the dissolved contaminants, leaving a clean, residue-free, spotless surface without any requirement for rubbing, polishing or additional or supplemental contact with the surface.
  • the formulation of this invention does not form globules upon application to a surface or during drying, but instead spreads evenly over the entire surface to be cleaned and remains as a substantially uniform film throughout the drying period.
  • the preferred embodiment of this invention includes a wetting agent to further enhance the complete spreadability of this formulation.
  • the second advantage achieved by this invention is the elimination of the need for any rubbing of the surface at all. Rubbing with tissues, swabs, lens cleaning cloths or any other medium is dangerous since there is always the possibility of having an abrasive particle entrained and, thereby, scratching the surface. This is especially hazardous when dealing with optically precise lenses. By using only compounds that are volatilizable at ambient or ordinary room temperatures, the need for surface rubbing is eliminated.
  • the alcohols used have graduated proportional volatility rates. After the cleaning composition has completely spread over the lens surface, it appears that evaporation occurs in a controlled, graduated manner. This apparent controlled rate of evaporation coupled with the use of some solvents whose vapor pressure is less than that of water avoids extensive atmospheric moisture condensation as discrete droplets, due to evaporative surface cooling. However, these volatile solvents dissolve the condensed water and maintain it as a uniform surface film preventing spot formationsdue to soil concentration in the condensed droplets of water. Removal of organic and inorganic substances is further assured by including in the formulation small amounts of a surface active agent and a grease solvent.
  • a surface cleaning composition consisting essentially of 15-50 percent by weight of methanol, 0-25 percent by weight of ethanol, 25-85 percent by weight of n-propyl alcohol, 1-3 percent by Weight of 2-methoxy-ethanol, and 1-3 percent by weight of 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol.
  • Patent No. 3 7Z8 269 Inventor(s George Stephenson It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
US00021725A 1970-03-23 1970-03-23 Volatile cleaning composition Expired - Lifetime US3728269A (en)

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US2172570A 1970-03-23 1970-03-23

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US (1) US3728269A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5018484B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA975648A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2113860A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2084977A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1351198A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7018769A (enExample)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972824A (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-08-03 Vicksburg Chemical Co. Method for cleaning nitrogen oxides from air
US3979317A (en) * 1975-04-28 1976-09-07 Xerox Corporation Volatile cleaning solution for photoreceptors
US4054534A (en) * 1976-05-28 1977-10-18 Xerox Corporation Volatile cleaning solution for mirrors and lenses
US4242298A (en) * 1979-07-09 1980-12-30 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Polysaccharide ester membrane clearing process
US4269630A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-05-26 George M. Stephenson Two-step process and composition for cleaning polished surfaces
US4343725A (en) * 1978-09-16 1982-08-10 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Cleansers for windows, mirrors and reflecting surfaces containing a high molecular weight polyoxyethylene glycol polymer
US4715900A (en) * 1987-01-08 1987-12-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, dichlorodifluoroethane and methanol/ethanol
DE4228461C1 (de) * 1992-08-27 1994-01-20 Chemie X 2000 Schrupstock Gmbh Reinigungsmediumzusammensetzung
US5389281A (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-02-14 Davies; Walter E. Composition for protecting vinyl records
US6076278A (en) * 1997-12-18 2000-06-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of drying pipelines
US7078358B2 (en) 1999-05-07 2006-07-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Low VOC cleanroom cleaning wipe
DE102006025994B3 (de) * 2006-06-02 2008-01-03 Sprügel, Friedrich A. Reinigungsflüssigkeit mit verringerter Entzündbarkeit
US7977293B1 (en) 2009-07-27 2011-07-12 Palm Beach Lighting LLC Volatile cleaning solution for fragile objects and method of use
US20150155572A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2015-06-04 Snu R&Db Foundation Flexible fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same
JP2017181977A (ja) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 小林製薬株式会社 メガネ洗浄剤組成物
FR3106595A1 (fr) * 2020-01-29 2021-07-30 Valeo Systèmes D’Essuyage Additif pour liquide lave-glace pour véhicule

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972824A (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-08-03 Vicksburg Chemical Co. Method for cleaning nitrogen oxides from air
US3979317A (en) * 1975-04-28 1976-09-07 Xerox Corporation Volatile cleaning solution for photoreceptors
US4054534A (en) * 1976-05-28 1977-10-18 Xerox Corporation Volatile cleaning solution for mirrors and lenses
US4343725A (en) * 1978-09-16 1982-08-10 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Cleansers for windows, mirrors and reflecting surfaces containing a high molecular weight polyoxyethylene glycol polymer
US4242298A (en) * 1979-07-09 1980-12-30 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Polysaccharide ester membrane clearing process
US4269630A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-05-26 George M. Stephenson Two-step process and composition for cleaning polished surfaces
US4715900A (en) * 1987-01-08 1987-12-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, dichlorodifluoroethane and methanol/ethanol
DE4228461C1 (de) * 1992-08-27 1994-01-20 Chemie X 2000 Schrupstock Gmbh Reinigungsmediumzusammensetzung
US5389281A (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-02-14 Davies; Walter E. Composition for protecting vinyl records
US6076278A (en) * 1997-12-18 2000-06-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of drying pipelines
US7078358B2 (en) 1999-05-07 2006-07-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Low VOC cleanroom cleaning wipe
DE102006025994B3 (de) * 2006-06-02 2008-01-03 Sprügel, Friedrich A. Reinigungsflüssigkeit mit verringerter Entzündbarkeit
US7977293B1 (en) 2009-07-27 2011-07-12 Palm Beach Lighting LLC Volatile cleaning solution for fragile objects and method of use
US20150155572A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2015-06-04 Snu R&Db Foundation Flexible fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same
JP2017181977A (ja) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 小林製薬株式会社 メガネ洗浄剤組成物
FR3106595A1 (fr) * 2020-01-29 2021-07-30 Valeo Systèmes D’Essuyage Additif pour liquide lave-glace pour véhicule

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JPS5018484B1 (enExample) 1975-06-30
CA975648A (en) 1975-10-07
FR2084977A5 (enExample) 1971-12-17
DE2113860A1 (de) 1971-10-14
NL7018769A (enExample) 1971-09-27
GB1351198A (en) 1974-04-24

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