US3728074A - Process for the cleansing of garments and textiles - Google Patents

Process for the cleansing of garments and textiles Download PDF

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US3728074A
US3728074A US00116833A US3728074DA US3728074A US 3728074 A US3728074 A US 3728074A US 00116833 A US00116833 A US 00116833A US 3728074D A US3728074D A US 3728074DA US 3728074 A US3728074 A US 3728074A
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solvent
textiles
vapors
container
adsorbent
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I Victor
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Research Development Co
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Research Development Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
    • D06F43/007—Dry cleaning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
    • D06F43/08—Associated apparatus for handling and recovering the solvents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/08—Multi-step processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in the cleansing or cleaning of materials with organic solvents.
  • the invention is concerned with the cleansing or cleaning of garments and textiles of all kinds with organic agents including synthetic solvent, and the economical handling and recovery of the solvent. More particularly, the invention is concerned with providing process by which those serving the public, or the general public itself in self-service establishments may satisfactorily cleanse garments and textiles, and in which proper safe guards are provided for the protection of personnel, and the materials being cleansed, and in which the solvent can be economically recovered for reuse.
  • the solvents used in the earlier operations were the natural hydrocarbons derived from petroleum or coal, or mixtures thereof. While some of these solvents have good cleansing properties, they are all highly flammable and have a low flash point, and are, therefore, dangerous to use, and have frequently been the cause of accidents in the home or in dry cleaning plants.
  • the chlorinated hydrocarbons came into use for dry cleaning purposes.
  • the earliest solvent of this class was carbon tetrachloride. Although the cleansing power of carbon tetrachloride is passable, and the solvent is completely nonflammable, it was not satisfactory for dry cleaning purposes because its vapors are highly toxic, and when the solvent is used in the presence of moisture, even in relatively small amounts, it decomposes liberating free chlorine, which in addition to being toxic is also corrosive to surrounding metal surfaces.
  • Perchlorethylene is stable and less toxic than carbon tetrachloride and it has good cleaning properties, as indicated by its high Kauri butanol number; in fact, its solubility powers are so great that the solvent causes injury to some forms of buttons and ornaments used in conjunction with garments, and it may cause bleeding of certain types of dyes, particularly when those dyes are applied to fabrics by printing, such as in the case of draperies.
  • Blowing heated air through the textiles is objectionable because it creates a static charge in the textiles, and this in turn causes linting.
  • garments contain stains of a non-soluble nature, heating may cause many such stains to be set in the material.
  • staining substances in garments is a cause of considerable concern to the dry cleaning trade, for if the stains become permanent, the customer may make a claim for damage.
  • the removal of stains is a specialized practice, and experience has taught that except for stains which have become permanent before cleaning, they can best be removed if the fabric has not been heated, so that it is preferred that the cleaning process not embody the use of heat or of heated air for solvent vapor removal, and this is particularly true in the absence of expert service.
  • 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifiuoroethane is a highly desirable solvent for dry cleaning purposes.
  • This solvent is quite remarkable, forwhile it is comparable to perchlorethylene in cleansing power, it is compatible with garments and textiles, and it s q 's uameuro pua suonnq oustqd o1 snormgur-uou st solvent is extremely safe for use in dry cleaning, because of its low toxicity and the fact that it is non-flammable.
  • the solvent can be easily purified by distillation at a relatively low temperature, thus avoiding the expensive purifying systems used in the past that required filtration and involved several procedural steps which required special apparatus.
  • special precautions must be followed in handling this solvent, and in the recovery of the vapors thereof.
  • the apparatus in which the textiles are cleansed must be substantially airtight and must embody provisions for purifying the solvent by distillation, together with appropriate means and procedures for conserving and recovering the highly volatile vapors formed during the several procedural steps.
  • another highly volatile solvent trichloromonofluoromethane
  • This solvent is less expensive than 1,1,2-trichlorb- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane, and has a lower boiling point, but under proper conditions could be substituted for use in dry cleaning textiles.
  • each cleaning unit is preferably provided with a pair of adsorbers, each of which'is capable of receiving all of the vapors formed 4 during the cleansing and drying of one or two batches of garments or textiles.
  • the unit is adaptable to batch operation, and while one of the adsorbers is receiving vapors, another will normally be undergoing desorption and cooling.
  • a highly eflicient adsorption system may be composed by utilizing a pair of cylindrical adsorbers of limited size, each of which contains a bed of activated carbon or equivalent adsorbent sufficient to safely receive all of the vapors formed during the cleansing of one batch of fabrics.
  • the adsorption efiiciency of each of the adsorbers may be substantially increased.
  • the activated carbon will only retain about 8% of its weight of adsorbed solvent before breakthrough of unadsorbed vapors.
  • the several improvement steps embody: passing a vapor rich mixture to the adsorbent at a relatively low velocity; shutting down the flow of air to the adsorption bed immediately after the drying of the clothes; and/or obtaining a substantially dry carbon bed after desorption. This latter step can be accomplished by the use of superheated steam, heated air, or prolonged use of air at a high velocity, or a combination of these factors.
  • a complete washing and drying cycle can be performed in a minimum period of about 15 minutes or less, using dual adsorption apparatus, and an adequate distillation apparatus for purifying the solvent.
  • the operations may continue indefinitely on such cycles, requiring only periodic removal of still residue, and occasional replenishment of the solvent supply. If the apparatus is in proper working condition, total solvent losses are minimized to about 20 grams of solvent per pound of textiles cleansed.
  • a surface active agent which is compatible with the solvent and preferably forms a colloidal suspension in the solvent, and which will form an emulsion with water. It is recognized that the textile fibers will normally absorb and retain moisture from the air and such natural moisture will ordinarily be sufficient cleansing operation.
  • the textiles are first subjected to a washing action with a mixture of solvent and additive, whence the soil ladened liquid is extracted and removed. This is followed by a rinsing action with an equal volume of clean solvent, which after agitation is also extracted and removed from the textiles before drying.
  • the apparatus is pro vided with motorized controls which are placed under the automatic control or semiautomatic control of a'programming device, such as to preclude error in operation.
  • An object of the invention is to provide improvements in the dry cleaning of garments and textiles of all kinds by a system composed of process and apparatus which is safe for the personnel conducting the operation, and the materials undergoing treatment.
  • Another object is to provide a process and apparatus for the economical use and recovery of relatively costly evanescent solvents for purposes of dry cleaning garments and textiles.
  • a further object is to provide a system for the cleansing of textiles with low boiling solvents, wherein such solvents can be substantially fully recovered, so that the cleaning process can be economically conducted.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially schematic elevational view, with some parts broken away, of apparatus for dry cleaning of textiles and the like, together with means for recovering solvent vapors;
  • FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating the sequence of operation of parts of the system shown in FIG. 1.
  • reference character designates the casing of a combined washer-dryer utilized for the dry cleaning of garments and the like and is provided on its front surface with an access door 12.
  • Casing 10 is also provided with an air inlet 14 sealed by a movable damper 16 that is controlled by an actuator 18 connected thereto.
  • the door 12 and damper 16 carry suitable resilient gaskets or other sealing means so that when closed, they substantially seal their respective openings in casing 10.
  • a formainous cage 20 which is adapted to hold the garments or textiles to be cleaned, and is rotatably driven by a motor 22 controlled by a 2-speed actuator 24.
  • a belt or similar transmission 26 extends from motor 22 to a suitable connection with the cage 20.
  • a substantially airtight container 28 constitutes a solvent reservoir from which liquid solvent is supplied to the interior of casing 10 by a pump 30 which may be immersed in the liquid in container 28.
  • the pump delivers the liquid through a conduit 32 containing a suitable valve 34 controlled by an actuator 36. Since the casing 10 and its associated parts are substantially airtight as liquid is admitted to casing 10, gases or air within the interior of said casing will be displaced, and these gases are permitted to pass through a conduit 38 which returns to reservoir 28 and contains a valve 40 controlled by an actuator 42.
  • the reservoir 28 has disposed therein a cooling coil 44 which is normally connected to a source of coolant.
  • a smaller container 46 constitutes a reservoir for the additive which is combined with the cleansing solvent.
  • a pump 48 which may conveniently be disposed Within container 46 has its low pressure side communicating with the reservoir 46 and discharges into a conduit 50 to a receiver 52 which has a return conduit 54 connected thereto and returns to the reservoir 46.
  • a conduit 56 extends from the receiver 52 to container 10 and is provided with a valve 58 which is controlled by an actuator 60.
  • the used solvent within container 10 is passed through a conduit 62 that contains a valve 64 controlled by an actuator 66.
  • Conduit 62 extends to a still 68.
  • the still 68 is connected to the reservoir 28 by a pressure balancing conduit 70 that contains a check valve 72.
  • the still 68 is also provided with a heat exchanger disclosed as a coil 74 that is connected to a source of heat, such as a hot water system, and as disclosed, a 2-Way valve 76 controls the fiow of the hot Water either to the coil 74 or to a conduit 78.
  • the valve 76 is controlled by an actuator 80.
  • Still 68 is provided with a drain line 82 that contains a manual valve 84.
  • Extending from the still 68 is a distillate conduit 86 that extends to a condenser 88.
  • a conduit 90 extends from the bottom of condenser 88 to a cross 92 situated above a liquid separator 94.
  • a conduit 96 extends from separator 94 to the reservoir 28 and constitutes a solvent return to the reservoir.
  • a trunk duct 98 extends to a casing portion 100 that contains an appropriate filter bag, not shown, that may be periodically exchanged through a door 102 leading into the interior of casing 100.
  • a fan casing 104 contains a fan rotor 106 driven by a suitable motor 108. The low pressure side of the fan rotor 106 communicates with casing 100 for drawing vapors into the trunk duct 98.
  • a container 110 At the outer end of duct 98 is a container 110 that forms a collector and mixing chamber for vapors.
  • a vent conduit 112 extends between the reservoir 28 and container 110 and a second duct 114 extends between cross 92 and container 110 and is joined by a branch conduit 116 extending from conduit 96 and serves to prevent conduit 96 from syphoning all of the liquid from the separator 94.
  • An open ended conduit 118 extends into the upper part of container 110, and contains a damper 120 that is controlled by an actuator 122.
  • a conduit 124 whose lower portion is shown by dotted lines extends from a lower portion of container 10 to the trunk duct 98.
  • Duct 124 contains a damper 126 controlled by an actuator 128. It will be noted that the inlet end of duct 124 is generally diametrically opposed to the inlet opening 14 of container 10.
  • the discharge portion of fan casing 104 extends to a conduit 130 which is joined to a T from which extend branches 134, 136.
  • Each of the branches 134, 136 communicate with the upper extremity of a pair of adsorbers designated by reference characters 138, 138a.
  • the adsorber consists of a casing 140 having an inlet connection 142 with branch 134 which is controlled by a damper 144, which in turn is controlled by an actuator 146.
  • the casing carries a foraminous plate 148 that supports a mass of adsorbent here disclosed as pellets of activated carbon designated by reference character 150.
  • the container 140 Beneath the formaninous plate 148 the container 140 is provided with an exit opening 152 that is controlled by a damper 154 which in turn is connected to an actuator 156.
  • the discharge openings of each of the adsorbers extends to a duct 158 having an outlet connection 160 that may extend to a point exterior to the enclosure in which the equipment is situated.
  • a conduit 162 extends from a source of steam to a valve 164 controlled by an actuator 166. Extending from the upper extremity of the container 140 is a conduit 168 containing a valve 170 controlled by an actuator 172. The conduit 168 extends to a T 174 from whence a vapor line 176 extends to a condenser 178. A condensate conduit 180 extends to cross 92 above the liquid separator 94. The condenser 178 is shown with a cold water connection 182, and a hot water discharge pipe 184 that extends to valve 176 and forms a source of heating liquid for coil 74.
  • the several elements associated with the adsorber 138 have their counterparts in the adsorber 138a and the several parts bear the same reference character as for adsorber 138 with the letter a appended thereto.
  • a program timer 185 that contains a number of electrical relays and switches which are in turn joined to the various electrical devices described heretofore by electric conductors, not shown.
  • the program timer 185 and its associated conductor s is conventional, and is not described in detail.
  • the rate listed is not an absolute value, butis based on the evaporation of carbon tetrachloride under a particular set of conditions. The relative rate will probably be similar under other conditions. However, the values listed in the table should be considered only as a guide and not as a precise value.
  • An additive is combined with the solvent to increase the cleansing power thereof and to hold soil in suspension in the solvent to prevent redeposition on the textiles.
  • the additive must be compatible with the solvent and preferably should form a colloidal suspension in the solvent.
  • the additive must be capable of forming an emulsion with water and since these characteristics are found among most detergents and surfactants, a wide range of materials can be used for this purpose including alkyl sulfates and alkyl amides, and several varieties of soaps.
  • the additive is combined with solvent and supplied to the container 46. Generally a small amount of the additive is combined with the solvent in proportions to give not more than about 0.l%0.5% by weight of the additive in the batch of solvent used for washing in container 10.
  • the system operates in a timed sequence under the direction of the control 185, and with reference to FIG. 2, the periods of operation of the various parts of the apparatus are indicated in black, and periods when those various devices are inoperative are shown as blank space.
  • the control 185 is energized when the proper number of coins have been deposited in a conventional coin operated control, but it should be understood that it is within the scope of the invention that various parts of the apparatus may be manually energized and the periods allowed for the various operations are subject to change.
  • a weighed load of textiles or garments are placed in the cage 20 and door 12 is closed.
  • the system is then placed in automatic operation by control 185.
  • Pump 30, valves 34, 40 and 58 are simultaneously energized so that a charge of solvent from the reservoir, and a small charge of solvent and surfactant are simultaneously admitted to container 10, and concomitantly air and vapors present in the container are forced through conduit 38 to the reservoir 28.
  • motor 22 is energized to rotate the cage 20 at slow speed to perform the Washing action.
  • valve 64 is opened and the cage 20 is rotated at a higher speed to centrifuge the soiled solvent from the fabrics, and transfer the same to the still 68, whereafter valve 64 is closed and the cage is again rotated at a slow speed. Then pump 30 is again energized to deliver a second charge of clean solvent to provide a rinsing operation, and after a short period valve 64 is again opened and the cage is again rotated at a high speed to dispose of the free liquid solvent to the still 6 8. Then, valves 64 and 40 are closed and the system operates to perform the drying operation.
  • the fan rotor 106 has been in operation during the washing and rinsing action, and during this same period damper 120 has been opened to permit air to flow through duct 98 to the active adsorber 138, or 138a, and such air as is passing through the duct will carry with it any vapors that have been forced into container 110 from the conduits 112 and 114 in a volume sufiicient to admix with the air entering opening 118 in container 110.
  • damper 120 When the drying operation commences, damper 120 is at least partially closed to materially reduce air flow from the inlet 118, and dampers 16 and 126 are opened thereby permitting air ambient to container to enter opening 14 10 sweeps the vapors downwardly into the open end of duct 124 whence such vapors are drawn by the fan into trunk duct 98 and forced into one of the adsorbers 138, 138a. It may be assumed that the normal capacity of the fan 106 is such that it would draw substantially cu. ft. of air per minute into container 110 where such air would flow at a rate of about 75 linear feet per minute to the adsorbent.
  • the vapors passing to the adsorbent 150' will be in a relatively pure condition since they are merely being swept to the adsorbent by the limited amount of air entering container 10.
  • a substantial rise in temperature of the adsorbent occurs. It has been observed that the temperature of the adsorbent will rise to a degree substantially above the boiling point of the solvent, if the adsorbent is relatively dry. Since the rate of flow of the vapors to the adsorbent has been reduced from the original air speed, the adsorbent becomes progressively saturated from its upper extremity and any air contained in the gases is stripped of vapors before it is discharged into the duct 158.
  • Each of the adsorbers is, of course, provided with adequate adsorbent to fully adsorb all vapors formed in one batch operation plus a safety factor of about 20% to avoid any possible loss of solvent. Because of the high volatility of the solvent, the vapors are readily liberated from the textiles so that at the end of approximately 4 minutes from the opening of damper 16 the textiles are substantially dry and at most will retain only a minimal unmeasurable amount of solvent. If the adsorbent was relativel free of moisture at the time the heavy concentration of vapors commenced to flow therethrough, I have found that commencing from the top of the adsorbent mass the pellets of activated carbon will retain a relatively large amount of solvent being in the range of substantially 25% or more of the weight of the adsorbent.
  • Distillation of the used solvent occurs during all phases of operation, except during the transfer of the rinsing charge from container 10.
  • heat for distillation is provided by the energization of the actuator 80 to rotate the two-way valve 76 so as to divert the how of hot water from the discharge line 78 to the coil 7-4.
  • the source of hot water is from the discharge 184 of condenser 178, but it should be understood that any other source of heat can be utilized for this purpose.
  • 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is utilized as the cleansing solvent, water having a temperature of F.
  • the two charges of solvent in the still 68 can be distilled during the cycle time for processing one batch of textiles.
  • the distilled solvent is cooled in condenser 88 and passes to the liquid separator $4 and is returned to the reservoir 28 through the conduit 96.
  • the cooling coil 44 in the reservoir 28 is provided to maintain the temperature of the solvent therein sufficiently low to avoid the formation of any substantial amount of vapors.
  • a certain amount of vapors of the highly volatile solvent are formed, and these vapors are transferred through the conduits 112 and 114 to the container 110, where they enter the lower portion of said container.
  • Such vapors as build up within the container 110 are admixed in the upper portion thereof with air entering the conduit 118, and are passed through the trunk duct 98 to one of the adsorbers, so that substantially all such vapors formed anywhere in the system are conserved.
  • the last adsorber used for adsorption of vapors undergoes a desorption operation which is accomplished by the closing of the upper and lower dampers 144, 154, the opening of valve 170, and the admission of steam through valve 164 into the lower portion of the adsorber. That action permits steam to pass upwardly through the adsorbent passing outwardly through the conduit 168, and the vapor tube 176 to the condenser 178, whence the condensate passes through the conduit 180 to cross 92 and the liquid separator 94. Following the application of steam, air in a large volume is passed through the adsorbent to cool it, and more importantly, to evaporate moisture deposited on the particles of the adsorbent.
  • Adsorption is a selective process, and as the organic vapors contact the particles moisture is displaced, which causes a desired cooling of the adsorbent; however, the displacement action tends to retard the rate of adsorption, and it also limits the extent to which the adsorbent can be loaded with the organic vapors.
  • Desorption and drying of the particles can be accomplished in different ways.
  • One method is to use superheated steam, preferably of a temperature above 300 F., for at that temperature any condensate will be eventually removed. This treatment is then followed by passing ambient air through the adsorbent, principally to cool it.
  • Another method is to utilize an aqueous fluid of lower temperature and follow it with air which has been substantially heated, as by a heater 186 disposed in duct 98, 5 and controlled by an actuator 188-.
  • the result sought is to reduce the moisture content of the adsorbent.
  • the air leaving the adsorbent should have a relative humidity of substantially 25%-30%. Under these conditions the adsorbing capacity of the activated carbon can be increased to 25% or more of the weight of the carbon before breakthrough of the vapors occurs.
  • a batch of garments or textiles may be cleaned and dried, on a dry-to-dry basis within substantially 15 minutes, although any of the steps of the process may be extended to a longer period if desired.
  • the maintenance of the unit requires a periodic removal of soil and residue from the still 68.
  • a temporary steam connection is coupled to the still 68 to sweep solvent vapors therefrom, and thereafter the valve 84 is opened to remove the residual muck. It is also necessary to periodically add new solvent to the container 28, and to add a mixture of solvent and the emulsifying additive to container 46.
  • 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is the most expensive solvent, but based on its overall characteristics, it is the preferred solvent.
  • Trichlo- 70 ro monofluoromethane is an efficient cleanser and is considerably cheaper, but because of its low boiling point this solvent is more difiicult to handle, particularly in areas where the ambient temperature is above the boiling point of the solvent. Under those circumstances, a sub- 10 stantial cooling system must be used in conjunction with reservoir 28 to maintain the solvent at a temperature not in excess of substantially 72 F., or the system must be modified to operate under pressure.
  • the principal advantage of the present invention is in the greatly reduced amount of time necessary to properly clean and dry fabrics. With the process and apparatus disclosed herein, a complete cleaning cycle can be obtained in approximately /3 to A of the time presently required in processes and apparatus currently available. This shortening of time not only adds to the public convenience, but greatly reduces the capital investment in equipment required to process a given quantity of textiles.
  • Another important advantage of the present invention is in the provision of the safe and economical method of dry cleaning garments and textiles of all kinds.
  • the use of a solvent having a relatively low Kauri butanol number leaves the textiles in a better condition and prevents damage to materials having fugitive dyes, and to garments having plastic buttons or ornaments.
  • a solvent having high maximum allowable toxicity level the process can be made safe for use by the general public, and even in the event of spillage, the ventilating system provided by container with its air inlet opening 118 near the fioor level can conserve the lost vapors.
  • the textiles can be quickly dried without heating, so that if the garments contain stains, these stains will not be set in the fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00116833A 1961-06-13 1961-06-13 Process for the cleansing of garments and textiles Expired - Lifetime US3728074A (en)

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AT (1) AT279536B (pt)
DE (1) DE1419356B2 (pt)
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FR (1) FR1346988A (pt)
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Cited By (25)

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US3937043A (en) * 1974-02-25 1976-02-10 White-Westinghouse Corporation Vapor saving ambient air intake system for a dry cleaner
US3966602A (en) * 1973-09-17 1976-06-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for reclaiming and regenerating spent solvent
US4108599A (en) * 1976-01-09 1978-08-22 Stauffer Chemical Company High water content emulsion cleaning
US4175932A (en) * 1976-04-05 1979-11-27 Clay B Jan Method for continuous vapor recovery
US4235600A (en) * 1978-11-09 1980-11-25 Health Physics Systems, Inc. Method of and apparatus for decontaminating radioactive garments
US4247991A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-02-03 Intertechnology/Solar Corporation Industrial drying
US4251924A (en) * 1978-08-24 1981-02-24 Rolf Beck Removing residual dampness from an adsorption cell
US4282015A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-08-04 Bowe Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Method of and apparatus for regenerating an adsorption agent
US4443269A (en) * 1979-10-01 1984-04-17 Health Physics Systems, Inc. Tool decontamination method
US4480393A (en) * 1981-06-15 1984-11-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Vapor recovery method and apparatus
US4781041A (en) * 1984-12-10 1988-11-01 Quadrex Hps, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning garments and soft goods contaminated with nuclear, chemical and/or biological contaminants
US4797128A (en) * 1984-12-10 1989-01-10 Quadrex Hps, Inc. Method of and apparatus for cleaning garments and soft goods contaminated with nuclear, chemical and/or biological contaminants
US4909050A (en) * 1988-03-01 1990-03-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Water wash apparatus for cleaning radioactively contaminated garments
US4955403A (en) * 1988-11-30 1990-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Closed loop system and method for cleaning articles with a volatile cleaning solvent
US4969926A (en) * 1988-03-01 1990-11-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Water wash method for cleaning radioactively contaminated garments
US5001845A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-03-26 W. R. Grace & Co.,-Conn. Control system for an industrial dryer
US5060396A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-10-29 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Zoned cylindrical dryer
US5213594A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-05-25 Vic Manufacturing Controlling solvent vapors in dry cleaning apparatus
US5327751A (en) * 1992-02-18 1994-07-12 Firbimatic S.R.L. Clothes dry-cleaning machine
US5467539A (en) * 1994-04-19 1995-11-21 Multimatic Corporation Reducing the concentration of solvent vapors in drycleaning machines
US6113854A (en) * 1995-08-01 2000-09-05 Milum; Craig Method and apparatus for treatment of infectious medical waste
US20030196282A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2003-10-23 Fyvie Thomas Joseph System and method for solvent recovery and purification in a low water or waterless wash
US20050022316A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-03 Rawson James Ruion Young Apparatus and method for removing contaminants from dry cleaning solvent
US20070101609A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2007-05-10 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh Method for operating a device with at least one partial programme step of drying
US20080005924A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-01-10 Hea-Kyung Yoo Method of managing operation of laundry room machine and dryer therefor

Families Citing this family (4)

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DE1289231B (de) * 1968-01-24 1969-02-13 Kali Chemie Ag Mittel zur Reinigung, insbesondere fuer Magnetaufzeichnungsanlagen und elektrische Geraete
GB2038885B (en) * 1978-11-09 1983-07-20 Health Physics Systems Inc Method of and apparatus for decontaminating radioactive garments
FR2581670A1 (fr) * 1984-12-10 1986-11-14 Quadrex Hps Inc Methode et appareil de decontamination de vetements et tissus contamines par des contaminants nucleaires chimiques et/ou biologiques
DE3708845A1 (de) * 1987-03-18 1988-09-29 Boewe Passat Reinigung Verfahren zum reinigen und dekontaminieren von gegenstaenden

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US3966602A (en) * 1973-09-17 1976-06-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for reclaiming and regenerating spent solvent
US3937043A (en) * 1974-02-25 1976-02-10 White-Westinghouse Corporation Vapor saving ambient air intake system for a dry cleaner
US4108599A (en) * 1976-01-09 1978-08-22 Stauffer Chemical Company High water content emulsion cleaning
US4175932A (en) * 1976-04-05 1979-11-27 Clay B Jan Method for continuous vapor recovery
US4282015A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-08-04 Bowe Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Method of and apparatus for regenerating an adsorption agent
US4251924A (en) * 1978-08-24 1981-02-24 Rolf Beck Removing residual dampness from an adsorption cell
US4235600A (en) * 1978-11-09 1980-11-25 Health Physics Systems, Inc. Method of and apparatus for decontaminating radioactive garments
US4247991A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-02-03 Intertechnology/Solar Corporation Industrial drying
US4443269A (en) * 1979-10-01 1984-04-17 Health Physics Systems, Inc. Tool decontamination method
US4480393A (en) * 1981-06-15 1984-11-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Vapor recovery method and apparatus
US4781041A (en) * 1984-12-10 1988-11-01 Quadrex Hps, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning garments and soft goods contaminated with nuclear, chemical and/or biological contaminants
US4797128A (en) * 1984-12-10 1989-01-10 Quadrex Hps, Inc. Method of and apparatus for cleaning garments and soft goods contaminated with nuclear, chemical and/or biological contaminants
US4969926A (en) * 1988-03-01 1990-11-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Water wash method for cleaning radioactively contaminated garments
US4909050A (en) * 1988-03-01 1990-03-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Water wash apparatus for cleaning radioactively contaminated garments
US4955403A (en) * 1988-11-30 1990-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Closed loop system and method for cleaning articles with a volatile cleaning solvent
US5001845A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-03-26 W. R. Grace & Co.,-Conn. Control system for an industrial dryer
US5060396A (en) * 1989-08-17 1991-10-29 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Zoned cylindrical dryer
US5213594A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-05-25 Vic Manufacturing Controlling solvent vapors in dry cleaning apparatus
US5327751A (en) * 1992-02-18 1994-07-12 Firbimatic S.R.L. Clothes dry-cleaning machine
US5467539A (en) * 1994-04-19 1995-11-21 Multimatic Corporation Reducing the concentration of solvent vapors in drycleaning machines
US6346218B1 (en) 1995-08-01 2002-02-12 Craig Milum Pliable container for treatment of infectious medical waste
US6113854A (en) * 1995-08-01 2000-09-05 Milum; Craig Method and apparatus for treatment of infectious medical waste
US20030196282A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2003-10-23 Fyvie Thomas Joseph System and method for solvent recovery and purification in a low water or waterless wash
US7210182B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2007-05-01 General Electric Company System and method for solvent recovery and purification in a low water or waterless wash
US20050022316A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-03 Rawson James Ruion Young Apparatus and method for removing contaminants from dry cleaning solvent
US7356865B2 (en) 2003-07-29 2008-04-15 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for removing contaminants from dry cleaning solvent
US20070101609A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2007-05-10 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh Method for operating a device with at least one partial programme step of drying
US8601716B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2013-12-10 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Method for operating a device with at least one partial programme step of drying
US20080005924A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2008-01-10 Hea-Kyung Yoo Method of managing operation of laundry room machine and dryer therefor
US8250776B2 (en) * 2006-05-26 2012-08-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Method of managing operation of laundry room machine and dryer therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1419356A1 (de) 1969-03-20
NO119436B (pt) 1970-05-19
DE1419356B2 (de) 1975-07-24
NL279568A (pt)
GB1015763A (en) 1966-01-05
SE332154B (pt) 1971-02-01
AT279536B (de) 1970-03-10
FR1346988A (fr) 1963-12-27
DK119453B (da) 1971-01-11
GB1015764A (en) 1966-01-05

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