US3726815A - Compositions containing amino-polyureylene resin - Google Patents

Compositions containing amino-polyureylene resin Download PDF

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US3726815A
US3726815A US00090154A US3726815DA US3726815A US 3726815 A US3726815 A US 3726815A US 00090154 A US00090154 A US 00090154A US 3726815D A US3726815D A US 3726815DA US 3726815 A US3726815 A US 3726815A
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resin
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alkyl
apu
active material
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P Grand
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/4933—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having sulfur as an exocyclic substituent, e.g. pyridinethione
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A61K8/65—Collagen; Gelatin; Keratin; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/88—Polyamides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/90—Block copolymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/02—Polyureas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3726—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/40—Dyes ; Pigments
    • C11D3/42—Brightening agents ; Blueing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/60—Optical bleaching or brightening
    • D06L4/664—Preparations of optical brighteners; Optical brighteners in aerosol form; Physical treatment of optical brighteners
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/42—Colour properties
    • A61K2800/43—Pigments; Dyes
    • A61K2800/434—Luminescent, Fluorescent; Optical brighteners; Photosensitizers

Definitions

  • compositions comprising a mixture of an aminopolyureylene resin having a molecular weight in the range of about 300 to 100,000 and an active material selected from the group of antibacterial materials, tarnish inhibitors, ultra violet absorbers, fluorescent brighteners, bluing agents and skin treating materials, the weight ratio of resin to active material being effective to improve the properties of the active material and being selected from the range of 1:1 to 20:1.
  • Preferred compositions comprise 2% to 99% by weight of a water-soluble organic detergent, .05 to 5% by Weight of aminopolyureylene resin and 0.05 to 5% by weight of active material.
  • the invention relates to improved compositions comprising a water-soluble and/or water-insoluble active material having the capacity to impart a residual characteristic to surfaces treated therewith such as antibacterial compounds, tarnish inhibitors, ultra-violet absorbers, fluorescent brighteners, bluing agents and skin treating materials and an aminopolyureylene (APU) resin in an amount effective to enhance the effects of the active materials.
  • a water-soluble and/or water-insoluble active material having the capacity to impart a residual characteristic to surfaces treated therewith such as antibacterial compounds, tarnish inhibitors, ultra-violet absorbers, fluorescent brighteners, bluing agents and skin treating materials and an aminopolyureylene (APU) resin in an amount effective to enhance the effects of the active materials.
  • APU resins appear to enhance the deposition and/or retention of the water-soluble and water-insoluble active substances on the surfaces contacted therewith.
  • the capacity of the APU resin to improve the effectiveness of the active materials on surfaces contacted therewith surprisingly is maintained in the presence of watersoluble organic detergents and, therefore, detergent compositions containing the mixture of active material and APU resin represent preferred embodiments.
  • Such detergent compositions include dishwashing detergents, shampoos, laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners and toilet bars.
  • the effectiveness of the APU resins in the presence of minor and major amounts of water-soluble organic detergents is surprising because the effectiveness of the active materials is due to the deposition and/or retention of the active materials on surfaces contacted therewith and detergents normally tend to minimize deposition and retention of such materials on the washed surfaces.
  • the APU resin may unite either with the active material or the contacted surface to increase the affinity of the active material for the surface. In many cases, an increase in the Weight of active material retained by the surface has been quantitatively verified. However, no absolute mechanism has been defined and the invention is not limited to any particular theory.
  • the improved compositions of this invention consist essentially of a mixture of an aminopolyureylene resin having a molecular weight in the range of about 300 to 100,000 and a water-soluble or waterinsoluble active material having the capacity to impart a 3,725,815 Patented Apr. 10, 1973 residual property to surfaces treated therewith and selected from the group consisting of (A) antibacterial compounds, (B) tarnish inhibitors, (C) ultra-violet absorbers, (D) optical brighteners, (E) bluing agents and (F) skin-treating compounds, the weight ratio of resin to active material being effective to improve the effects of the active material and selected from the range of 1:1 to 20:1 preferably 1:1 to 5:1.
  • Preferred compositions are detergent compositions comprising 2% to 99% by weight of a water-soluble, organic detergent, 0.05% to 5% by Weight of aminopolyureylene resin and about 0.05 to 5% by weight of active material.
  • a method for improving the effectiveness of active materials on surfaces contacted therewith which comprises contacting the surface with a water solution or dispersion of the active material and an effective amount of the aminopolyureylene resin sufficient to improve the effect of the active material retained on the treated surface after the contacting solution is removed.
  • the APU resins suitable for use in the described compositions and method have a molecular weight in the range of about 300 to 100,000 and are characterized by the following repeating unit:
  • suitable A-PU resins include both the polyureaand the polythiourea-containing compounds.
  • Preferred APU resins have a repeating unit where Y is oxygen, n is 3, and X is selected from the group consisting of N-C alkyl and Generally, the number of repeating units in the resin will be sufficient to yield a polymer having a molecular weight in the range of about 300 to 100,000.
  • Preferred APU resins have an average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 20,000 and a particularly preferred resin is the reaction product of equimolar quantities of N-methyl, bis(3-amino-propyl) amine and urea having a molecular weight of about 4,300.
  • the molecular weight of the APU resins is based upon aqueous gel permeation chromatographic analysis. The separation is carried out in oxalic acid solution, adjusted to pH 3.5, on three Corning controlled-pore glass columns (nominal pore sizes 175, 125 and A.) in series. Detec tion is by differential refractometer. Reference compounds are dextran polysaccharides of molecular weights of 150,- 000, 110,000, 40,000, 20,000 and 10,000 and sucrose and galactose.
  • the APU resins which can be used in the compositions of this invention are prepared by reacting, for example, 145 grams of N-methyl bis(3-aminopropyl) amine (1.0 mole) and 60 grams of urea (1.0 mole) in a 3-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, mechanical stirrer, condenser, and nitrogen sparge tube. Nitrogen is bubbled slowly through the solution throughout the course of the reaction. The solution is heated to 140 C. over a 20- minute interval where ammonia begins to evolve. The solution is further heated to 250 C. over a 30 minute interval and allowed to cool.
  • the product is a hard, resinous powder (Resin A) having a molecular weight of about 4,800.
  • the secondary amine analogues can be made by the above process if bis(3-aminopropyl) amine or bis(2-arninoethyl) amine are reacted with urea or thiourea.
  • the piperazine analogues are made by reacting N,N-di(3-aminopropyl) piperazine or N,N'-di(2-aminoethyl) piperazine with urea or thiourea.
  • N-C to C alkyl analogues are prepared by reacting N-C to C alkyl bis(3-aminopropyl) amine or N-C to C alkyl bis(2- aminoethyl) amine with urea or thiourea. Additional analogues are prepared by the following reactions:
  • the active materials which are potentiated by the APU resin are well known and have been used for treating surfaces and substrates to impart certain residual characteristics to the contacted surfaces.
  • the treated surfaces or substrates include proteinaceous materials such as hair and skin, textiles such as cotton, rayon and synthetic fibers, and porcelain, wood, plastic and metal.
  • Such active materials may be water-soluble such as cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide and gelatin or water-insoluble such as zinc Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide and optical brighteners.
  • the water-insoluble materials are usually in the form of finely divided particles having a diameter in the range of about 0.5 to 50 microns.
  • Suitable active materials include antibacterial compounds, tarnish inhibitors, ultra-violet absorbers, optical brighteners, bluing agents and skin treating materials
  • the zinc and sodium salts of 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide are particularly preferred.
  • Suitable antibacterial compounds are the substituted bisphenols having the formula wherein X is a halogen such as chlorine or bromine, n is 1-3 and R is an alkylene of 14 carbon atoms or divalent sulfur.
  • Typical compounds include bis(3,5,6-trichloro-2- hydroxyphenyl) methane or sulfide, bis(5-chloro-2-hydroXyphenyDmethane and bis(3,5 dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methane or sulfide.
  • Suitable antibacterial substituted salicylanilides have the structure formula wherein Y is hydrogen, halogen, or trifiuoromethyl and Z is hydrogen or halogen.
  • suitable salicylanilides are 3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide; 5-bromosalicyl-3,5-di- (trifiuoromethyl)anilide; 5-chlorosalicyl 3,5-di(trifluoromethyDanilide; 3,5-dichlorosalicyl 3,4 dichloroanilide; and 5-chlorosalicyl 3 trifiuoromethyl-4-chloroanilide.
  • Satisfactory substituted carbanilides have the following general structure wherein Y is hydrogen, halogen, or trifiuoromethyl, W is halogen or ethoxy, and W is hydrogen or halogen. Included among the suitable carbanilides are 3,4,4-trichlorocarbanilide; 4,4-trifluoromethyl-3,4,4-trichlorocar banilide; 3,3 bis(trifiuoromethyl-4-ethoXy-4'-ehlorocarbanilide; and 3,5 bis(trifluoromethyl) 4'-chlorocarbanilide.
  • antibacterial materials are the mono-higher-alkyl quaternary ammonium salts having the following structural formula:
  • R is C to C alkyl
  • R and R are each C -C alkyl
  • RA is C C alkyl or benzyl
  • A is an anion selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, and methosulfate.
  • a preferred compound is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
  • Additional useful antimicrobial compounds include 5,7- diiodo 8 hydroxy quinoline, 1,6-di(4'-chlorophenyldiiguanado) hexane, and S-chloro-Z(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, C to C isoquinolinium halides, such as lauryl isoquinolinium bromide, and C -C alkyl pyridinium halide.
  • the tarnish inhibitors potentiated by APU resins include, for example, benzotriazole and ethylenethiourea.
  • Ultraviolet absorbers potentiated by APU resins have the structural formula where X, Y, and Z are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, C to C alkoxy and carboxy, at least one of said X, Y, and Z being oxy.
  • Preferred compounds include 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2'-carboxy-benzophenone.
  • optical or fluorescent brightener active materials which are potentiated by the APU resins are selected from the group consisting of stilbene disulfonates, quaternized aminoalkyl substituted phenyl sulfonamides of aryl pyrazolines, substituted styrylnaphth oxazoles, and substituted aminocumarins.
  • Suitable stilbene disulfonate fluorescent brighteners have the formula wherein X is OH,
  • Suitable compounds are disodium 4,4 bis [4-anilino-6- methoxyanilino-s-triazin-Z-yl amino] 2,2 stilbene disulfonate and disodium 4, 4'-bis(4,-6-dianilino-s-triazin-2-ylamino)-2,2' stilbene-disulfonate.
  • Suitable quaternized aminoalkyl substituted phenyl sulfonamides of aryl pyrazoline have the following formula:
  • X is hydrogen, phenyl, or halogenated phenyl with not more than one X being hydrogen and Y is a quaternized Q-somnnnma (R2) wherein R is C -C alkyl and R and R are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C C alkyl.
  • R2 is quaternized-1-p(sulfonyl-' -dimethyl aminopropyl amido)-phenyl-3-p-chlorophenyl pyrazoline.
  • Suitable oxazole fluorescent brighteners have the structural formula:
  • Rm qgwacagi wherein A and B are different and represent oxygen and nitrogen, and R represents individually hydrogen, alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, chlorine or fluorine.
  • a preferred oxazole brightener is 2-strylnaphth (1,2-d) oxazole.
  • Additional fluorescent brighteners potentiated by APU resin are the water-soluble substituted aminocoumarins having the following structural formula:
  • R is hydrogen or C -C alkyl.
  • a preferred compound is 4 methyl, 7 dimethyl amino coumarin.
  • a bluing material which is potentiated by APU resin is ultramarine blue.
  • This is a well-known blue pigment occurring naturally as mineral the lapis lazuli. It can be made, for example, by igniting a mixture of kaolin, sodium carbonate or sulfate, sulfur, and carbon. It is insoluble in water and is stable when in contact with bleaching agents, alkali, and light. Details for synthetic ultramarines are given in the text Ultramarines, Their History and Characteristics, Reckitts (Colours) Ltd., Hull, England. Preferred are micropulverized, synthetic ultramarine blues, particularly grades RS4RS8 provided by Reckitts.
  • the pigment is in the form of particles substantially all of which exhibit a diameter of less than about 0.05 millimeter, and is characterized by the ability to impart a faint blue visible shade to fabrics treated therewith without staining such fabrics when used at recommended concentration and fashion, being generally considered to be non-substantive, or at least non-accumulative, on fabrics.
  • the skin-treating materials which are enhanced by the APU resins are the water-soluble, substantive proteins.
  • proteins are substantive to the hair and skin in the presence of detergents.
  • Suitable proteins are watersoluble polypeptides, having a molecular weight in the range of about (amino acid) to about 20,000, preferably from about 800 to 12,000.
  • Such polypeptides are obtained by hydrolysis of protein materials such as hides, gelatin, collagen, and the like, with collagen protein being preferred, using well-known processes. During hydrolysis the protein materials are gradually broken down into their constituent polypeptides and amino acids by prolonged heating with acids, e.g., sulfuric acid, or alkalis, e.g., sodium hydroxide, or treatment with enzymes, e.g., peptidases.
  • acids e.g., sulfuric acid, or alkalis, e.g., sodium hydroxide
  • enzymes e.g., peptidases.
  • high molecular weight polypeptides are formed, and
  • the preferred hydrolysates are obtained from boneor skin-derived collagen protein by enzymatic hydrolysis and are sold under the trade names WSP-X-250 and WSP-X-lOOO of Wilson Pharmaceutical and Chemical Corporation.
  • APU resins include ethylene oxide polymers having a. molecular weight in the range of about 500,000 to 4,000,000 which are sold under the trade name Polyox.
  • the water-soluble organic detergent materials which can be used in forming the preferred detergent compositions of this invention may be selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, polar nonionic, and cationic detergents, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing detergents.
  • the anionic surface-active agents include those surfaceactive or detergent compounds which contain an organic hydrophobic group containing generally 8 to 26 carbon atoms and preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms in their molecular structure, and at least one water-solubilizing group selected from the group of sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, phosphonate and phosphate so as to form a water-soluble detergent.
  • anionic detergents which fall within the scope of the anionic detergent class include the water-soluble salts, for example, the sodium, ammonium, and alkylammonium salts, of higher fatty acids or resin salts containing about 8 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable fatty acids can be ob tained from oils and waxes of animal or vegetable origin, for example, tallow, grease, coconut oil, tall oil and mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly useful are the sodium and potassium salts of the fatty acid mixtures derived from coconut oil and tallow, for example, sodium coconut soap and potassium tallow soap.
  • the anionic class of detergents also include the watersoluble sulfated and sulfonated synthetic detergents having an alkyl radical of 8 to 26, and preferably about 12 to 22 carbon atoms. (The term alkyl includes the alkyl portion of the higher acyl radicals.)
  • the sulfonated anionic detergents are the higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates such as the higher alkyl benzene sulfonates containing from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the higher alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, for example, the sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts of higher alkyl benzene sulfonates,
  • a preferred sulfonate is linear alkyl benzene sulfonate having a high content of 3- (or higher) phenyl isomers and a correspondingly low content (well below 50%) of 2- (or lower) phenyl isomers, that is, wherein the benzene ring is preferably attached in large part at the 3 or higher (for example, 4, 5, 6 or 7) position of the alkyl group and the content of the isomers in which the benzene ring is attached in the 2 or 1 position is correspondingly low.
  • Particularly preferred materials are set forth in US. Pat. 3,320,174.
  • Suitable anionic detergents are the olefin sulfonates, including long-chain alkene sulfonates, long-chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkene sulfonates and hydroxylalkane sulfonates.
  • sulfate or sulfonate detergents are paraffin sulfonates containing about to 20 and preferably about 15 to 20 carbon atoms, for example; the primary paraffin sulfonates are made by reacting longchain alpha olefins and bisulfites and parafiin sulfonates having the sulfonated group distributed along the paraffin chain as shown in US. Pats. 2,503,280; 2,507,088; 3,260,- 741; 3,372,188; and German .Pat.
  • the suitable anionic detergents include also the C to C acyl sarcosinates (for example, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate), sodium and potassium salts of the reaction product of higher fatty acids containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule esterified with isethionic acid, and sodium and potassium salts of the C to C acyl N-methyl taurides, for example, sodium cocoyl methyl taurate and potassium stearoyl methyl taurate.
  • C to C acyl sarcosinates for example, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate
  • sodium and potassium salts of the reaction product of higher fatty acids containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule esterified with isethionic acid and sodium and potassium salts of the C to C acyl N-methyl taurides, for example, sodium cocoyl methyl taurate and potassium stearoyl methyl taurate.
  • Anionic phosphate surfactants in which the anionic solubilizing group attached to the hydrophobic group is an oxyacid of phosphorous are also useful in the detergent compositions.
  • Suitable phosphate surfactants are the sodium, potassium, and ammonium alkyl phosphate esters such as (RO) PO M and ROPO M in which R represents an alkyl chain containing from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl phenyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and M represents a soluble cation.
  • R represents an alkyl chain containing from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl phenyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and M represents a soluble cation.
  • the particular anionic detergent salt will be suitably selected, depending upon the particular formulation and the proportions therein.
  • Suitable salts include the ammonium, substituted ammonium (mono-, di-, and triethanolammonium), alkali metal (such as sodium and potassium) and alkaline earth metal (such as calcium and magnesium) salts.
  • Preferred salts are the ammonium, triethanolammonium, sodium, and potassium salts of the higher alkyl sulfates and the C to C acyl sarcosinates.
  • the nonionic synthetic organic detergents are generally the condensation product of an organic aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound and hydrophilic ethylene oxide groups. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxy, hydroxy, amido, or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to the nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a nonionic detergent. Fnrther, the length of the polyetheneoxy chain can be adjusted to achieve the desired balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements.
  • the nonionic detergents include the polyethylene oxide condensate of one mole of alkyl phenol containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in a straightor branchedchain configuration with about 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, for example, nonyl phenol condensed with 9 moles of ethylene oxide, dodecyl phenol condensed with 15 moles of ethylene and dinonyl phenol condensed with 15 moles of ethylene oxide. Condensation products of the corresponding alkyl thiophenols with 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide are also suitable.
  • Nonionics are the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene adducts of l-butanol.
  • the hydrophobe of these anionics has a minimum molecular weight of 1,000 and consists of an aliphatic monohydric alcohol containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms to which is attached a heteric chain of oxyethylene and oxypropylene.
  • the weight ratio of oxypropylene to oxyethylene covers the range of 95 to 85:15. Attached to this is the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chain which is from 44.4 to 54.6 of the total molecular weight.
  • nonionic detergent class also included in the nonionic detergent class are the condensation products of a higher alcohol containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in a straight or branchedchain configuration condensed with about 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • a higher alcohol containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in a straight or branchedchain configuration condensed with about 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • lauryl-myristyl alcohol condensed with about 16 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • a particularly useful group of nonionics is marketed under the trade name Pluronics.
  • the compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
  • the molecular weight of the hydrophobic portion of the molecule is of the order of 950 to 4,000 and preferably 1,200 to 2,500.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to the hydrophobic portion tends to increase the solubility of the molecule as a whole.
  • the molecular weight of the block polymers varies from 1,000 to 15,000, and the polyethylene oxide content may comprise 20% to 80% by weight.
  • Zwitterionic detergents such as the betaines and sulfobetaines having the following formula are also useful:
  • R is an alkyl group containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R and R are each an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R; is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • X is C or SrO.
  • the alkyl group can contain one or more intermediate linkages such as amido, ether, or polyether linkages or nonfunctional substituents such as hydroxyl or halogen which do not substantially aifect the hydrophobic character of the group.
  • the detergent When X is C, the detergent is called a betaine; and when X is 5:0, the detergent is called a sulfobetaine or sultaine.
  • Preferred betaine and sulfobetaine detergents are 1- (lauryl dimethylammonio) acetate l-(myristyl dimethylammonio) propane-3-sulfonate, and l-(myristyldimethyl ammonio)-2-hydroxy-propane-3-sulfonate.
  • the polar nonionic detergents are those in which the hydrophilic group contains a semi-polar bond directly between two atoms, for example, N O, P O, As O, and S- O. There is charge separation between the two directly bonded atoms, but the detergent molecule bears no net charge and does not dissociate into ions.
  • the polar nonionic detergents of this invention include open-chain aliphatic amine oxides of the general formula R R R N O.
  • R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl radical having about to 16 carbon atoms, R and R are each selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethanol, and propanol radicals.
  • operable polar nonionic detergents are the openchain aliphatic phosphine oxides having the general formula 'R R R P O wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging in chain length from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and R and R are each alkyl and monohydroxyalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • ampholytic detergents include the alkyl beta-aminopropionates, RN(H)C H COOM; the alkyl beta-iminodipropionates, RN(C H COOM) the alkyl and hydroxy alkyl taurinates,
  • RzCOOM wherein R is an acyclic group of about 7 to 17 carbon atoms, W is selected from the group of R OH, R COOM, and R OR COOM, Y is selected from the group consisting of -OH-, R OSO R is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkyl aryl and fatty acyl glyceride groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or an acyl group; and M is a Watersoluble cation, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, for alkylolammonium.
  • Formula I detergents are disclosed in volume II of Surface Active Agents and Detergents and Formula II detergents are described in U.S. 2,773,068; U.S. 2,781,354; and U.S. 2,781,357.
  • the acyclic groups may be derived from coconut oil fatty acids (a mixture of fatty acids containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms), lauric fatty acid, and oleic fatty acid, and the preferred groups are 0; to C alkyl groups.
  • Preferred detergents are sodium N-lauryl beta-aminopropionate, disodium N-lauryl iminodipropionate, and the disodium salt of 2-lauryl-cycloimidium-1- hydroxyl, l-ethoxyethanoic acid, l-ethanoic acid.
  • Cationic surface active agents may also be employed. Such agents are those surface active detergent compounds which contain an organic hydrophobic group and a cationic solubilizing group. Typical cationic solubilizing groups are amine and quaternary groups.
  • Suitable synthetic cationic detergents are normal primary amines RNH wherein R is C to C the diamines such as those of the type RNHC H NH wherein R is an alkyl group of about 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as N-2-aminoethyl stearyl amine and N-2- aminoethyl myristyl amine; amide-linked amines such as those of the type R CONHC H NH wherein R is an alkyl group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, such as N-Z-amino ethylstearyl amide and N-amino ethylmyristyl amide; quaternary ammonium compounds wherein typically one of the groups linked to the nitrogen atom is an alkyl group of about 8 to 22 carbon atoms and three of the groups linked to the nitrogen atom are alkyl groups which contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms, including alkyl groups bearing inert substituents, such as phenyl groups, and there is
  • the alkyl group may contain intermediate linkages such as amide which do not substantially affect the hydrophobic character of the group, for example, stearyl amido propyl quaternary ammonium chloride.
  • Typical quaternary ammonium detergents are ethyl-dimethylstearyl ammonium chloride, ben7,yl-dimethyl-stearyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl-stearyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl-cetyl ammonium bromide, dimethyl-ethyl-lauryl ammonium chloride, dimethyl-propyl-myristyl ammonium chloride, and the corresponding methosulfates and acetates.
  • Preferred detergent compositions of this invention are the liquid, antimicrobial shampoo compositions suitable for washing the hair and scalp.
  • Such compositions consist essentially of about 10% to by weight of a detergent selected from the group consisting of non-soap anionic, amphoteric, and zwitterionic detergents from 0.1% to 3% by weight of water-soluble or water-insoluble particulate antimicrobial active material, 0.5% to 3.5% of aminopolyureylene resin, and the balance primarily water.
  • the shampoo compositions may also include minor amounts of ethanol or isopropanol perfume, color, stearate opacifying agents, ethylene diamine tetracetate or citrate sequestering agents, thickening agents, and fatty acid alkylolarnide foam boosters.
  • compositions falling within the scope of the invention are the heavy-duty laundering compositions containing APU polymers and at least one of the active materials potentiated by the polaminopolyureylene resins, such as antibacterials, fluorescent brighteners, and bluing agents.
  • Such compositions generally consist essentially of about 8% to 40% by weight of non-soap anionic or nonionic detergent, about 0.1% to 3% by weight of active material, about 0.5% to 3.5 by weight of APU resin and the balance water-soluble inorganic or organic builder salt.
  • Suitable builders include sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium nitrilotriacetate as well as the corresponding potassium compounds.
  • Other compositions are sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylalcohol, perfume, color, etc.
  • the foregoing laundering detergents may also be prepared in liquid form.
  • Suitable liquids consist essentially of about to by weight of non-soap anionic or nonionic detergent, 10% to by weight of potassium pyrophosphate, sodium silicate or sodium nitrilotriacetate, 4% to 12% by weight of sodium or potassium xylene or toluenesulfonate, 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of active material, 0.5% to 3.5% by weight of APU resin, and the balance primarily water.
  • Suitable additives which may be added are sodium carboxymethylcellulose, thickeners, color, and perfume.
  • the detergent material may be soap, anionic, amphoteric, nonionic or mixtures of the foregoing detergents.
  • the bars may include color, perfume, free fatty acids, sodium chloride, and fatty acid alkanolamide suds builders.
  • detergent compositions can be prepared by methods well known in the art.
  • shampoos and built liquid detergents are prepared by mixing, and particulate laundering detergents are prepared by mixing, chemical drying or spray drying.
  • APU resins to potentiate the deposition of the water-insoluble materials which function an antibacterial agents onto proteinaceous substrates, such as hair and skin, is demonstrated in the following radioactive substantivity test.
  • the absolute degree of deposition of the material is determined by comparing the observed counts with the counts emitted by a known weight of the radioactive material.
  • the effect of APU resin on deposition can be readily ascertained by repeating the test with a known weight of APU present.
  • the effect of detergents can be quantitatively measured by including detergents in the test composition.
  • EXAMPLE 1 An aqueous dispersion of zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide is prepared by dispersing 0.04 gram of radioactive zinc 2- pyridinethiol-l-oxide containing zinc in one gram of water. The resultant aqueous dispersion is diluted with 8.96 grams of water with agitation, and the substantivity of the diluted dispersion is determined using the foregoing substantivity procedure. The results of the evaluation indicate 40.9 micrograms of zinc-2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide are deposited on the disk from the aqueous mixture containing 0.4% by weight of the Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 2 When the procedure of Example 1 is repeated using an aqueous solution of 0.25% by weight of radioactive (C-l4) cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at pH 4.5 as the test medium, 294 micrograms of CTAB are deposited on the gelatin disk. Repetition of this test in the presence of 0.75% by weight of the APU resin used in Example 1 results in the deposition of 679 micrograms of CTAB, an increase in deposition of about When the pH of the test solution is increased to 8.5, a deposition of 259 micrograms of CTAB is obtained in the absence of APU resin and a deposition of 734 micrograms is obtained in the presence of 3% by weight of the APU resin of Example 1. Thus, a increase in deposition of CTAB is noted at pH 8.5.
  • Example 2 is repeated with the exception that a 10% aqueous ethanol mixture is substituted for water in the test solution and the pH is adjusted to 6.5.
  • a deposition value of 202 micrograms of CTAB is noted in the absence of APU resin, and a deposition value of 643 micrograms of CTAB is noted in the presence of 0.75 by weight of the APU resin of Example 1. This represents an increase in deposition of about 220%.
  • only 227 micrograms of CTAB are deposited when the concen tration of CTAB in the test solution is increased to 1% by weight.
  • the APU resin is significantly more effective in enhancing deposition than an increase in the CTAB concentration from 0.25% to 1%, a 300% increase.
  • EXAMPLE 4 When the procedure of Example 1 is repeated using a 0.5%-by-weight aqueous alcoholic (70%) dispersion of radioactive (C-14) bis(3,5,6-trichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) methane as the test solution, the radioactivity of the gelatin disk averages 2,100 counts per minute (C.P.M.). Repetition of the test in the presence of 1.25% concentration of the APU resin of Example 1 results in an average radioactivity of 13,200 c.p.m. Thus, the presence of the APU resin increases the deposition of the antimicrobial compound by about 500%. Substantially similar results are noted when either lamb skin or human callus tissue is substituted for the gelatin disk in the foregoing experiment.
  • the APU resin of Example 1 can be replaced by either a resin having a molecular weight of about 4,600 and the repeating unit or a resin having a molecular weight of about 6,700 and the repeating unit with substantially similar results.
  • the substituted methane may be substituted with 5-chloro-2(2,4- dichlorophenoxy) phenol with substantially similar results.
  • radioactive disks obtained using the foregoing evaluation technique are plated in a standard agar medium inoculated with P. ovale, and the diameters of the zone of inhibition are measured after twenty-four hours of incubation. These results are shown in Table I together with results of non-radioactive disks. Resin A alone has no zone of inhibition.
  • Example 5 is repeated with the exception that the concentration of zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide in the shampoo is reduced to 0.4%. 17.4 micrograms of zinc Z-pyridinethiol-l-oxide are deposited on the disk. In the absence of the 2% of APU resin, 6.1 micrograms of zinc 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide are deposited on the disk. Again, APU resin significantly enhances the deposit of zinc 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide on a proteinaceous substrate.
  • EXAMPLE 7 The following liquid detergent composition is an effective antimicrobial detergent.
  • Tribromosalicylanilide 1.0 Resin A 3.0 Water Balance 1 Coco corresponds to the mixture of alkyls derived from a middle cut of coconut oil, that is, 1% C10, 05% C12, 27% C11, and 7% C10.
  • composition When the foregoing composition is formulated with a radioactive (C-14 tagged) tribromosalicylanilide and the deposition evaluated as described in Example 1, 1.5 micrograms of antibacterial agent are noted on the gelatin disk. As only 0.5 microgram are deposited in the absence of the APU resin, use of the APU resin increases deposit by 200%.
  • APU resin achieves a 133% increase in deposition of that agent.
  • EXAMPLE 11 The following composition is an improved shampoo composition.
  • Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 21.0 Coconut monoethanolamide 5.0 Triethanolamine 0.7 Sodium chloride 0.8 Methyl cellulose 0.9 Ethanol 7.0 Resin A 3.0 Fluorescent agent 1.0 Water Balance
  • the fluorescent agents listed in Table 'III When the foregoing composition is formulated with the fluorescent agents listed in Table 'III and a 1.25% concentration thereof is used to contact a 1" x 1'' W001 swatch for five minutes, the fluorescent values in Table III are obtained on the wool swatch after it is rinsed with five consecutive 10-milliliter portions of Water and air dried.
  • APU resins improve the brightening effectiveness of fluorescent agents of the anionic type (stilbene disulfonate), nonionic (oxazole) and the cationic type (pyrazoline).
  • the improvement noted in fluorescence varies from 7% to 200%.
  • EXAMPLE 12 The following composition is an improved conditioning shampoo.
  • Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 4.0 Lauryl dimethyl amine oxide 0.5 Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer having a hydrophobic molecular weight of 1,750 and containing 20% by weight of polyoxyethylene 5.0 Condensation product of 1:1 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide on butanol (mol. wt. 4,000) 2.0 Resin A q.s. Ethanol 1.9
  • Protein q.s. Water, perfume Balance 1 Alkyl group corresponds to the mixture of alkyls obtained from middle cut of coconut oil.
  • Wilson Protein WSP-X250 obtained by enzymatic hydrolysls of collagen and having an average molecular weight of about 1,000.
  • the effectiveness of the aminopolyureylene resin in improving the conditioning properties of the protein is shown by the following procedure.
  • a bleached hair tress about 2.5 inches (weight 0.55 gram) is placed in contact with 55 grams of the shampoo composition of Example 12 and the contact is maintained for minutes.
  • the hair tress is then removed from the shampoo, subjected to five consecutive rinses with milliliters of deionized water each time, air dried, and analyzed spectrophotometrically for hydroxyproline.
  • Hydroxyproline is an amino acid found in hydrolyzed protein, but not in hair.
  • the protein and aminopolyureylene resin are soluble in the shampoo composition having a pH of 7.5 and the test results for the composition are set forth in Table IV.
  • compositions exhibiting improved effectiveness because of the presence of an aminopolyureylene resin therein follow:
  • EXAMPLE 13 A heavy-duty liquid detergent composition having improved resistance to color fading because of ultraviolet light follows:
  • Percent by weight 2,2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone may be substituted for the benzophenone in the composition of Example 13 with substantially similar improved efiects.
  • a built particulate laundry detergent composition exhibiting improved antibacterial eifectiveness has the following composition:
  • Fabrics laundered in the foregoing composition exhibit improved antimicrobial efiectiveness.
  • a detergent bar composition exhibiting improved resistance to copper discoloration has the following composition.
  • compositions containing APU resin and an active material may be prepared by admixing resin and active material in any suitable manner, in the preparation of detergent containing compositions, improved efiects are obtained when the resin and active material are premixed before admixing with the detergent component.
  • a detergent composition consisting essentially of from 2% to 99% by weight of a water-soluble organic detergent selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, polar nonionic, and cationic detergents; from .05 to 5% by weight of an aminopolyureylene resin having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 100,000 and having the following repeating unit:
  • Y is O or S and n is 2 or 3; and from -05 to 5% by weight of an active material selected from the group consisting of Water-insoluble, particulate, ultramarine blue, a tarnish inhibitor selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole and ethylenethiourea, and a skin-treating compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polypeptides having a molecular weight of to 20,000 which are derived by hydrolyzing a boneor skin-derived collagen protein and polyethylene oxides having a molecular weight in the range of 500,000 to 4,000,000, the Weight ratio of resin to active material being effective to improve the properties of the active material and being selected from the range of 1:1 to 20: 1.
  • an active material selected from the group consisting of Water-insoluble, particulate, ultramarine blue, a tarnish inhibitor selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole and ethylenethiourea
  • a skin-treating compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polypeptides having

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US4312855A (en) * 1970-11-16 1982-01-26 Colgate-Palmolive Company Compositions containing aminopolyureylene resin
US4101456A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-07-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Light duty liquid detergent
US4719099A (en) * 1977-03-15 1988-01-12 L'oreal Composition and process for the treatment of keratin materials with polymers
US4950412A (en) * 1985-01-15 1990-08-21 Lever Brothers Company Fabric conditioning composition
US4964873A (en) * 1985-01-15 1990-10-23 Lever Brothers Company Fabric conditioning method
US5336447A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-08-09 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process and composition for treating fabrics
WO2004004674A1 (de) * 2002-07-04 2004-01-15 Beiersdorf Ag Kosmetische zubereitung zur behandlung trockener oder empfindlicher haut
US20060135472A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-22 Ioana Annis Use of water-soluble polymers to improve stability of diiodomethyl-para-tolylsulfone in complex matrices
US20060169431A1 (en) * 2005-01-05 2006-08-03 Marks Thomas I Enhanced efficacy of fungicides in paper and paperboard
US20080249136A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2008-10-09 Ioana Annis Antimicrobial Composition and Method

Also Published As

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NL7115801A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-18
AU3452671A (en) 1973-04-19
FR2114751A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-30
AT322708B (de) 1975-06-10
SE401608B (sv) 1978-05-22
US3703480A (en) 1972-11-21
BE775158A (fr) 1972-03-01
US3875071A (en) 1975-04-01
CA970909A (en) 1975-07-15
US3832310A (en) 1974-08-27
CA955390A (en) 1974-10-01
DE2155224A1 (de) 1972-05-18
GB1357960A (en) 1974-06-26

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