US3724350A - Electromagnetic drive for photographic shutters - Google Patents

Electromagnetic drive for photographic shutters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3724350A
US3724350A US00155415A US3724350DA US3724350A US 3724350 A US3724350 A US 3724350A US 00155415 A US00155415 A US 00155415A US 3724350D A US3724350D A US 3724350DA US 3724350 A US3724350 A US 3724350A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coil
shutter
drive
blade
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00155415A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Mielke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rollei Werke Franke und Heidecke GmbH and Co KG
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Rollei Werke Franke und Heidecke GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702031565 external-priority patent/DE2031565C3/de
Priority claimed from DE19712119609 external-priority patent/DE2119609C3/de
Application filed by Rollei Werke Franke und Heidecke GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Rollei Werke Franke und Heidecke GmbH and Co KG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3724350A publication Critical patent/US3724350A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/08—Shutters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/02—Diaphragms
    • G03B9/07—Diaphragms with means for presetting the diaphragm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/58—Means for varying duration of "open" period of shutter

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electromagnetic drive for the blades of a photographic shutter, using at least one pot-shaped magnet in fixed position.
  • a cylindrical coil when properly energized, moves into or out of the pot-shaped magnet.
  • the coil is connected directly to a movable shutter blade in one embodiment, or to a blade operating member (such as a rotatable ring) in another embodiment.
  • the moving parts engage a resilient stop when the shutter reaches fully open position, and this resilient stop absorbs some of the kinetic energy of the opening movement and gives it back to the moving parts in a closing direction.
  • Electromagnetic drives for shutters are known, broadly.
  • the present invention provides animprovement in this broad class .of drives. It has been found, according to the present invention, that better results can be obtained if, instead of the conventional electromagnetics, the drive comprises one or more magnets having thin annular gaps, such magnets being herein described as pot-shaped, in conjunction with a hollow cylindrical coil movable axially through the narrow gap or slot of each magnet, when the coil is electrically energized.
  • the moving coil may be operatively connected to the movable shutter blade, either through intermediate operating mechanism (e.g., a blade ring for operating several pivoted shutter blades) or directly to a shutter blade without any intermediate mechanism.
  • a pot-shaped electromagnet in stationary position with a coil operatively connected to a shutter blade, enables the shutter to-have operating mechanism of relatively low mass, since the coil itself can be very light although adequately strong to perform its function.
  • the magnet may be so shaped that the force produced upon energizing the coil is uniform throughout the entire stroke of the coil.
  • An object of the invention is the provision of a generally improved and more satisfactory shutter drive of the general character above mentioned.
  • Another object is the provision of such a drive so designed that it is relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture and to install in the shutter.
  • Still another object is the provision of a shutter drive so designed that such a drive may be used to power two or more shutter blades, or alternatively, an individual electromagnetic drive of this character may be used for each individual shutter blade.
  • a further object is the provision of a shutter so designed that at the end of the opening movement, the moving parts engage with one or more resilient or elastic members which absorb the kinetic energy of the opening movement and give such energy back to the parts in a closing direction creating a bounce" effect which assists in speeding up the shutter operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fragment of an objective shutter according to a first embodiment of the invention, with parts in elevation and parts in vertical section;
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken approximately on the line "-11 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a fragment of a different type of shutter, illustrating a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of a third embodiment of the invention, illustrating the coils of the electromagnet connected directly to the shutter blades;
  • FIG. 5 is a similar view of a fourth embodiment of the invention, illustrating an arrangement in which the coil of the electromagnet is directly connected to a pivoted blade;
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar in general to FIG. 1, illustrating the additional feature of elastic members to assist in quick return of the shutter parts from open position to closed position.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown only a fragment of an objective shutter which, except for the electromagnetic drive parts, may be of conventional construction.
  • an objective shutter which, except for the electromagnetic drive parts, may be of conventional construction.
  • it may include a conventional base plate 101 and an aperture plate 103, these two plates having aligned openings through them which define the exposure aperture.
  • the plates are axially spaced from each other as usual, providing a space between them for receiving the conventional pivoted shutter blades 105 commonly found in objective shutters, there usually being about five such blades although the number may vary.
  • the blades are mounted in the usual conventional way for swinging movement between open and closed positions, the swinging of the blades being accomplished by rotary movement of the usual blade ring 111, mounted for rotation about the optical axis as a center.
  • the blades are mounted on pivot pins, and pins are fixed to the blade ring to engage in slots in the blades to cause swinging movement of the blades when the blade ring is rotated.
  • the blades are mounted on pivots fixed to the blade ring, and the slots in the blades engage other pivots mounted on another part of the mechanism, for causing swinging of the blades when the blade ring is rotated relative to the other part on which the other pivots are mounted.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a typical construction in this respect, the blades 105 being mounted on fixed pins 114 and having slots 113 (FIG. 6) for engaging the pins on the blade ring 1 I l.
  • the electromagnetic drive of the present invention which serves to drive the blade ring 111 in one direction to open the blades and in the opposite direction to close the blades, includes at least one and preferably two pot-shaped magnets mounted in stationary position. When two magnets are used, as in the preferred construction, they face each other as seen in FIG. 1.
  • the first magnet has a cup-shaped or potshaped body 1 of soft iron and an inserted core 2 consisting of a permanent magnet. Between the parts 1 and 2 is an annular gap or slot 3 to accommodate the moving coil 4. At the mouth or other end (considered in an axial direction relative to the pot-shaped magnet) of the annular gap 3, it is narrowed down considerably as indicated at 5, leaving just enough space for free axial passage of the annular or hollow cylindrical core 4.
  • the electromagnetic drive is particularly suitable for a case in which constant force is desired over a certain distance.
  • the system can be used with same effect in both directions, to produce the desired constant or uniform driving force in either axial direction throughout the entire range of movement,
  • the pot magnet coil system is arranged on the tandem principle.
  • the first magnet system having the parts, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is duplicated by a second magnet and coil system arranged coaxially with the first and faced toward the first system, with a gap between the two systems. They are reverse duplicates of each other and the second system requires no further description except to say that the main body or pot of the second system is indicated at 6, and the coil thereof at 7.
  • the adjacent ends of the two coils 4 and 7 are interconnected with each other by a connecting ring 8, which has fixed thereto an arm 8a terminating in a forked portion 9 which embraces a pin 10 on the previously mentioned blade ring or shutter drive ring 1 1 1.
  • the electrical connections may be such that for closing the shutter, only the coil 4 is energized in a direction to pull the coil into the magnet l, in the direction of the arrow A, and for opening the shutter, only the coil 7 is energized, in a direction to pull this coil into its magnet 6, in the direction of the arrow B.
  • both magnets for operating the shutter in both directions, thereby producing greater force for quicker operation.
  • the coil 4 is preferably energized by current in a direction to pull the coil rightwardly into its magnet 1, while at the same time the coil 7 is energized in a direction to push it rightwardly out of its magnet 6.
  • both coils 4 and 7 are energized for movement in a leftward direction.
  • the present drive is also suitable for use as a diaphragm regulator for exposure control devices, if permanently flowingcurrents are used in place of the short duration or impulse currents which would normally be employed if one desires only the quick opening and quick closing of a shutter.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated a second embodiment of the invention in which approximately the same pot magnet drive is applied to a shutter of a different type having two blades 14 and 15 pivoted for opposite movement on the respective pivots 16 and 16a.
  • the tandem magnet assembly is essentially the same as illustrated in FIG. 1, the main bodies of the magnets being shown in FIG. 3 by the same numerals 1 and 6 used in FIG. 1.
  • the coils of these magnets are as before, and are connected by a connecting ring 8 as before.
  • the extension 8b on this ring carries the pin 10' which engages appropriate slots 12 and 13 in the respective shutter blades 14 and 15.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of the electromagnetic drive to a shutter which has rectilinear sliding blades rather than pivoted blades.
  • the exposure aperture shown at 121 is open when the sliding blades 17 and 18 are pulled back away from each other as illustrated in FIG. 4, and are closed when the blades move toward each other into an overlapping relation.
  • each blade has its own individual electromagnetic drive.
  • the respective coils 19 and 20 are directly connected to the respective blades 17 and 18, without any intervening moving parts. These coils operate in the respective pot magnets 21 and 22, the coils and magnets being of essentially the same construction and operating in the same way as in the first embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This embodiment of the invention illustrates the applicability of the invention to shutters having blades which are not pivoted, and also to shutters in which it is desired to have each blade with its own independent electromagnetic drive unit, and it also illustrates the possibility of a direct connection between the coil and the blade.
  • FIG. 5 shows that a shutter with pivoted blades can also make use of the present electromagnetic drive invention for each individual blade separately, and with a direct connection, without intervening moving parts.
  • FIG. 5 there are several pivoted shutter blades which collectively close and open the exposure aperture 123, but only one blade 23 is illustrated, pivoted for swinging movement on the pivot 26.
  • the coil 24 of annular construction in cross section but with its axis curved or bent arcuately, concentric with the shutter blade pivot 26.
  • the magnet 25 is formed exactly like the magnets previously described, except that its axis also is bent concentrically with the shutter blade pivot 26.
  • the coil 24 When the coil 24 is electrically energized in a direction to push it out of the magnet 25, the blade 23 swings counterclockwise to its open position illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the coil 24 When the coil 24 is electrically energized in the opposite direction, to pull it into the magnet body 25, this swings the blade 23 clockwise on its pivot 26, so that this blade, in conjunction with other similar blades arranged at intervals around the exposure aperture, will cover the exposure aperture to close the shutter.
  • the shutter driving arrangement according to the present invention enables higher acceleration to be produced in opening and closing the shutter blades, as compared with prior electromagnetic shutters, this being due partly to the constant driving force generated through the full length of the opening stroke or closing stroke (as the case may be), and partly to the fact that the moving masses can be kept very small, because the moving coils are very light in weight.
  • the system 7 provides not only a very short switching time or exposure time, amounting to about one-fifth of the time involved in the customary electromagnetic shutter drives but also these short times are obtained at the cost of a much more moderate expenditure of electrical power, believed to amount to about one-tenth or less then onetenth of the power required in prior art electromagnetic shutter drives known to applicant.
  • the blade driving system of the present invention is usable not only for driving shutter blades between two defined limit positions (fully open and fully closed) but also for driving diaphragm blade systems or combined shutter and diaphragm blade systems of variable stroke, such as required, for example, in preselection diaphragms which have to be fully opened for viewing purposes (as in the case of a single lens mirror reflex camera) and have to be reclosed to a certain preselected aperture, before the photograph is taken.
  • the shutter is prestressed or biased, e.g., mechanically, in such a way that when the electromagnetic drive is in the non-energized state the blades assume the fully open position, then it is possible, by suitably regulating the flow of current through the coil, via an exposure regulating device or manual device, to cause the electromagnetic drive to close or open the diaphragm to a certain preselectable distance.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates this feature of the invention as applied to a shutter of the type disclosed in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is to be understood, how ever, that this same feature of the invention, to produce a resilient bounce effect at the end of the opening movement and beginning of the closing movement, could be applied to any of the other forms of shutters such as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 3-5.
  • FIG. 6 the construction is the same as previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, except for the addition of the resilient or elastic members.
  • the same reference numerals are used as in FIG. 1, for corresponding parts. The difference is that, just as the moving parts are about to reach the position in which the shutter blades are fully open, a flange 161 on the connecting ring 8 strikes against an elastic or resilient arm 151 which is permanently mounted on a fixed part of the mechanism by screws or rivets 153. Initially, the upper end of this elastic arm is in the position shown in broken lines.
  • the moving ring 18 As the moving ring 18 reaches its extreme position in the shutter opening direction, it displaces the resilient arm 151 slightly from the broken line position to the full line position, so that this arm absorbs kinetic energy, helps to slow down rapidly the fast movement of the ring 8, and then gives back its absorbed kinetic energy to the ring, starting the ring rapidly back in the opposite or shutter-closing direction.
  • such an elastic member may be used only in conjunction with the connecting ring 8 and the associated coils 4 and 7.
  • a similar elastic member also in conjunction with a projection on the blade ring 1 1 1.
  • a projection is illustrated at 181, and it engages the resilient or elastic arm 171 permanently mounted in fixed position by means of screws or rivets 173.
  • the projection 181 engages the elastic arm 171 at substantially the same time that the flange 161 engages the elastic arm 151.
  • the combined effect of both of these elastic arms is to absorb smoothly a great deal of the kinetic energy of the fast moving parts at the end of the opening stroke, and to create a substantial bounce effect with helps to speed the parts at the beginning'of their closing stroke. Exposure times of less than l/500th of a second can be obtained by utilizing this feature of the invention.
  • the electromagnetic drive itself provides a very suitable drive which can be operated with minimum use of electric power, thus enabling small batteries to be used and enabling minimum dimensions of the casing or housing.
  • the elastic members 151 and 171 may be constructed of various materials. Satisfactory results have been attained by the use of spring steel, or by using phosphor bronze.
  • Electromagnetic drive for a photographic shutter blade comprising a pot-shaped magnet having a potshaped outer body and a central core in position to provide an annular gap between the outer body and the core, the outer end portion of said gap being narrower than the major portion of the axial length of said gap, an electrical coil of generally cylindrical shape wound with uniformly spaced turnsand mounted for axial movement'through said narrower portion of said annular gap upon electric energization of said coil, and means operated by such movement of said coil for moving a shutter blade, said coil having an effective length sufficiently greater than the axial length of the narrower portion of said annular gap so that in all axial positions of said coil during its working stroke necessary for moving a shutter blade from open to closed position, the same number of turns of said coil will lie within said narrower portion of said gap.
  • a drive as defined in claim 1 characterized by the provision of two such pot-shaped magnets mounted coaxially in tandem relation to each other with a separate coil movable in each pot-shaped magnet, the two coils being connected to each other for joint movement in the same direction.
  • both coils are energized to produce joint movement of the two coils in one direction to open an associated photographic shutter, and in which both coils are also energized to produce joint movement of the two coils in the opposite direction to close the shutter.
  • a drive as defined in claim 1 further comprising an elastic buffer member engaged b a moving part at substantially the completion of a shu ter opening movement, to absorb kinetic energy from such opening movement and return the absorbed energy to such part in a reverse direction to assist a closing movement.
  • a drive as defined in claim 1 in combination with a photographic objective shutter of the type having a plurality of swinging blades and a rotatable blade driving ring for swinging the blades between their closed and open positions, characterized by the fact that said drive is mounted with the axis of said coil approximately tangential to said blade driving ring and is operatively coupled thereto to turn said ring from axial movement of said coil.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Shutters For Cameras (AREA)
US00155415A 1970-06-26 1971-06-22 Electromagnetic drive for photographic shutters Expired - Lifetime US3724350A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702031565 DE2031565C3 (de) 1970-06-26 1970-06-26 Elektromagnetischer Lamellenantrieb an fotografischen Objektiwer Schlüssen
DE19712119609 DE2119609C3 (de) 1971-04-22 1971-04-22 Elektromagnetischer Lamellenantrieb an fotografischen Objektivverschlüssen

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US00155415A Expired - Lifetime US3724350A (en) 1970-06-26 1971-06-22 Electromagnetic drive for photographic shutters

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US (1) US3724350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (2) JPS52167040U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1304338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804506A (en) * 1973-05-21 1974-04-16 Nasa Rotary solenoid shutter drive assembly and rotary inertia damper and stop plate assembly
US4213689A (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-07-22 Clapp Roy A Electromagnetically actuated shutter mechanism for cameras
US4306788A (en) * 1978-08-22 1981-12-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetically controlled shutter
US4316661A (en) * 1979-05-10 1982-02-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetically operated shutter
US6157100A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-12-05 Rollei Fototechnic Gmbh Electromagnetic drive for a focal-plane shutter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3346769A1 (de) * 1982-12-23 1984-06-28 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Elektromagnetisch angetriebener verschluss

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2973699A (en) * 1958-07-02 1961-03-07 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for compensating battery decay
US3056341A (en) * 1958-05-15 1962-10-02 Polaroid Corp Photographic shutter mechanism
US3082674A (en) * 1958-09-11 1963-03-26 Bell & Howell Co Automatic exposure mechanism with magnetic control of iris blades
US3095795A (en) * 1960-06-08 1963-07-02 Barnes Eng Co Camera shutter
US3295428A (en) * 1964-01-10 1967-01-03 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic aperture regulating device
US3295429A (en) * 1964-05-12 1967-01-03 Eastman Kodak Co Electromagnetic relay exposure controls
US3405624A (en) * 1966-05-18 1968-10-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic shutter
DE1447470A1 (de) * 1964-04-16 1969-03-20 Compur Werk Gmbh & Co Photographsiche Kamera mit elektromagnetischer Verschluss-Betaetigung
US3466993A (en) * 1965-11-24 1969-09-16 Compur Werk Gmbh Haftung & Co Operating mechanism for photographic shutter
US3474716A (en) * 1966-01-29 1969-10-28 Prontor Werk Gauthier Gmbh Photographic shutter
US3498194A (en) * 1967-09-15 1970-03-03 Polaroid Corp Camera exposure apparatus

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056341A (en) * 1958-05-15 1962-10-02 Polaroid Corp Photographic shutter mechanism
US2973699A (en) * 1958-07-02 1961-03-07 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for compensating battery decay
US3082674A (en) * 1958-09-11 1963-03-26 Bell & Howell Co Automatic exposure mechanism with magnetic control of iris blades
US3095795A (en) * 1960-06-08 1963-07-02 Barnes Eng Co Camera shutter
US3295428A (en) * 1964-01-10 1967-01-03 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic aperture regulating device
DE1447470A1 (de) * 1964-04-16 1969-03-20 Compur Werk Gmbh & Co Photographsiche Kamera mit elektromagnetischer Verschluss-Betaetigung
US3295429A (en) * 1964-05-12 1967-01-03 Eastman Kodak Co Electromagnetic relay exposure controls
US3466993A (en) * 1965-11-24 1969-09-16 Compur Werk Gmbh Haftung & Co Operating mechanism for photographic shutter
US3474716A (en) * 1966-01-29 1969-10-28 Prontor Werk Gauthier Gmbh Photographic shutter
US3405624A (en) * 1966-05-18 1968-10-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic shutter
US3498194A (en) * 1967-09-15 1970-03-03 Polaroid Corp Camera exposure apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804506A (en) * 1973-05-21 1974-04-16 Nasa Rotary solenoid shutter drive assembly and rotary inertia damper and stop plate assembly
US4306788A (en) * 1978-08-22 1981-12-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetically controlled shutter
US4213689A (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-07-22 Clapp Roy A Electromagnetically actuated shutter mechanism for cameras
US4316661A (en) * 1979-05-10 1982-02-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetically operated shutter
US6157100A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-12-05 Rollei Fototechnic Gmbh Electromagnetic drive for a focal-plane shutter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS52167040U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-12-17
GB1304338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-24
JPS6111700Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-04-12
JPS57178226U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-11-11

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