US3722677A - Device for causing particles to move along curved paths - Google Patents

Device for causing particles to move along curved paths Download PDF

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Publication number
US3722677A
US3722677A US00149732A US3722677DA US3722677A US 3722677 A US3722677 A US 3722677A US 00149732 A US00149732 A US 00149732A US 3722677D A US3722677D A US 3722677DA US 3722677 A US3722677 A US 3722677A
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particles
vessel
electrical field
rings
electrical
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US00149732A
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B Lehnert
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/023—Separation using Lorentz force, i.e. deflection of electrically charged particles in a magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/02—Electrodynamic pumps
    • H02K44/04—Conduction pumps

Definitions

  • Att0rneyFlynn & Frishauf [57] ABSTRACT A cylindrical vessel confines a volume therein, the cylindrical vessel being subjected to an axial magnetic field, and a radial electrical field.
  • electrodes establishing the electrical field are formed as rings located at the end surfaces of the cylindrical vessel, and connected to tap points on a voltage divider, to establish an electrical gradient which is substantially parallel to planes passing through the curved paths of movement of the particles.
  • the present invention relates to a device adapted within a confined volume to establish and control movement along curved paths of particles, by example for the purpose of separating those particles from other particles, use being made of a magnetic field and an electric field, the major component of each of said fields being at least substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • Particles which are present within a confined volume and subjected to the influence of two fields oriented as above will, under that influence, be imparted a movement which is perpendicular to the main direction of the electrical as well as of the magnetic field.
  • By the use of conveniently shaped electrodes defining between themselves the electric field for example by use of an outer circular electrode which conveniently may also form the outer wall of the confined volume, and an inner centrally located electrode, it is possible to control the movement of the particles in such a way that the corresponding paths will be circumferentially closed and generally circular.
  • Such a device can be looked upon as a centrifuge the radial velocity gradient of the particles being however different from that of the conventional mechanical centrifuge.
  • the angular velocity of particles at different radial distances is the same.
  • the circumferential velocity increases when the radial distance increases.
  • the circumferential velocity will remain constant and independent of the radial distance. Stated in other words, this means that those particles which are nearest the center of the device exhibit a very high angular velocity.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device of such a design that disturbances of the types above referred to are either prevented from arising or so minimized that their negative effect is significantly reduced.
  • Electrodes are provided, so located and energized that the gradient of the dominating component of the electrical field is controlled, which component is substantially parallel to curved planes passing through the curved paths of movement of the particles.
  • control of the electrical field intensity gradient uses electrodes acting between the common center of rotation of the particles and the outer wall of the confined volume.
  • One feature of the invention which is of special value from structural and operational points of view is that those electrodes may be disposed at the one or both end surfaces of the confined volumes meaning that they do not have to pass axially through the volume.
  • a cylindrical container confines the volume within which the particle separation is to take place.
  • Container 10 has a lower circular bottom 11 and a top end wall 12.
  • the orifice 13 of a conduit 14 through which the particles to be separated are introduced into the container opens in the center of bottom 11.
  • the separation proper will be described below.
  • At the upper end of the container there are two conduits. The first one is constituted by a pipe 15 connected to the central axis of the container and serving as an outlet for separated light particles whereas the other one, formed by a pipe 16, is connected at the circumference and forms an outlet for heavier particles.
  • Coils 19, 20 surround a lower and an upper pole face 17, 18 respectively.
  • Direct current is supplied to the coils from external current sources S
  • An axially oriented magnetic field B is generated between pole plates 17 and 18.
  • a plurality of electrodes 21 are concentrically disposed, in relation to the longitudinal central axis of the container, at the bottom 11 of the container. Electrodes 21 are preferably closed in the circumferential direction and each connected to a wire 22 having a slide contact engaging a tap on a voltage divider 23 fed with direct voltage from a source S As is realized, an arrangement as now described will make it possible to let the different annular electrodes 21 assume mutually different electrical potentials.
  • Conduit 14 is presumed, via some feeding device such as a pump or the like, to be connected to a vessel containing particles to be separated.
  • the majority of the particles supplied may be electrically neutral but that the total amount of particles must always comprise a certain number of charged particles.
  • the charged particles can be formed by electrical discharge taking place between electrodes 21 inside the container 10.
  • the relative number of charged particles can be low which-is a significant advantage of the invention.
  • the total amount of particles may comprise particles of different masses or, stated in other words, the charged particles as well as the neutral ones may comprise relatively light and relatively heavy individual particles.
  • a positively charged particle inside the container will be subjected to the influence of an electrical field E and a magnetic field B.
  • electrical fields will be set up between the annular electrodes and the field intensity lines will pass between those electrodes. This means that in the layer next above bottom 11 those electrical fields will exhibit dominating components which are horizontal and radial.
  • the potential distribution is generally as has been illustrated on the drawing, i.e. any given electrode has a higher potential than the next adjacent one closer to the central axis of the container, that particle will, under the influence of the just-mentioned electrical field vector, be subjected to a force acting radially inwards.
  • the above described rotation of the charged and neutral particles in the bottom layer is propagated upwards throughout all of the confined volume.
  • the physical explanation of that phenomenon is as follows.
  • the particlemixture constitutes an electrically conductive gas which, in the presence of a magnetic filed, has very pronounced direction-dependent properties. In the direction along the magnetic field intensity lines the gas behaves as an electrical conductor of very high specific conductivity. In any direction perpendicular to those field lines the conductivity is likewise great, but only as long as the gas is at rest. As soon as a radial electrical current passes across the magnetic field a rotational movement will be imparted to the gas. This gives rise to a counter-electromotive force, in exactly the same manner as in an ordinary electric motor.
  • the magnetic field intensity lines in the gas may be considered vertical extensions of the electrode rings 21 all the way from the bottom 11 of the container to its top end wall 12.
  • the electrical current density along the field lines will be so high that the rotational movement initiated at the bottom is propagated upwards throughout the entire confined volume until its angular velocity has assumed a substantially constant value along any individual field intensity line.
  • the separation achieved covers neutral particles as well and this so also when the percentage of uncharged particles is low. The reason for this is that rotation of uncharged particles is obtained through collisions between them and the charged ones.
  • the net result will be that charged as well as neutral particles will, along the entire axial extent of the container, be caused to rotate under the influence of forces which, in an initial phase, solely affect charged particles close to the bottom of the container.
  • the neutral particles will naturally during their rotation be affected neither by the magnetic nor by the electrical field.
  • they will be subjected to the centrifugal force C. That force is balanced by a radially inwards acting force, a pressure gradientVP,
  • the higher mass density has two aspects. Firstly, due to the influence of the centrifugal force, the absolute particle concentration will generally tend to be greater in the circumferential regions than at the center. Secondly, the centrifugal force is directly proportional to the particle mass for which reason there will also arise a relative dissimilarity, i.e., the concentration of heavier particles will be greater at greater radial distances.
  • the potentiometer and the annular electrodes permit, in each individual instance to select a velocity distribution which either completely eliminates or strongly reduces such turbulence so that a generally laminar flow pattern can be preserved.
  • the drawing is diagrammatic and only intended to illustrate the general layout of one practical application of the invention, in a particle separator.
  • the invention may, however, be applied in many other connections, the sole essential condition being that special electrodes are relied upon for control ofthe dominating component of the electrical field thus allowing the control of the velocity distribution above explained.
  • the detailed design is concerned many deviations and modifications are possible.
  • the electrodes may be circular or completely closed in their circumferential direction but, on the other hand, it is obvious that for optimal ease and economy of manufacture, such a configuration is usually used.
  • the electrodes may also be located differently from what has here been shown.
  • a second set of annular electrodes may be mounted at the top end wall 12 of the container.
  • the negative terminal of voltage divider 23 is connected to the center of the cylindrical vessel, adjacent orifice 13.
  • a device to impart movement along curved paths to particles located in a confined volume comprising:
  • said magnetic field generating means and electrical field generating means being located with respect to each other such that the major components of the magnetic and electrical fields are substantially perpendicular to each other;
  • a source providing a plurality of tap points (22) to provide electrical potential over an electric gradient
  • a plurality of electrodes (21) located within the vessel and connected to respective tap points and establishing a gradient of the major component of the electrical field in planes substantially parallel to the planes of the paths of the movement of the particles to provide essentially laminar flow during such movement of the particle.
  • said access and egress means comprise means (14) to feed particles into said confined volumn, and means (15,16) to extract particles therefrom;
  • said extraction means being located at mutually different radial distances from the central axis of the cylindrical vessel.
  • a device according to claim 1 wherein the closed vessel (l0, 11, 12) is essentially cylindrical and has circular end pieces;
  • the electrodes comprise a plurality of rings located on at least one of the end pieces and facing the inside of the cylindrical vessel.
  • a device wherein the source includes a tapped voltage divider, the rings are concentric, and sequential rings are connected to sequential tap points on the voltage divider to provide said gradient of the electrical field.
  • a device according to claim 1 wherein the mag netic filed extends axially of the cylindrical vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00149732A 1970-06-04 1971-06-03 Device for causing particles to move along curved paths Expired - Lifetime US3722677A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE07788/70A SE338962B (enExample) 1970-06-04 1970-06-04

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US3722677A true US3722677A (en) 1973-03-27

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US00149732A Expired - Lifetime US3722677A (en) 1970-06-04 1971-06-03 Device for causing particles to move along curved paths

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US (1) US3722677A (enExample)
CA (1) CA936975A (enExample)
CH (1) CH541996A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2127413A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2095896A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1349995A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7107543A (enExample)
SE (1) SE338962B (enExample)

Cited By (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4085039A (en) * 1976-05-24 1978-04-18 Allen James W Magnetic separator with helical classifying path
US4093427A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-06-06 Schlenker R F Method for separating isotopes
US4217213A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for the separation of minute magnetizable particles, method and apparatus
US6096220A (en) * 1998-11-16 2000-08-01 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter
US6203710B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-03-20 David D. Woodbridge Liquid decontamination method and apparatus
US6214223B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-04-10 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Toroidal plasma mass filter
US6217776B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-04-17 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Centrifugal filter for multi-species plasma
US6235202B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-05-22 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Tandem plasma mass filter
US6235250B1 (en) 1997-11-14 2001-05-22 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Nuclear waste separator
US6248240B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-06-19 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter
US6251281B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-06-26 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Negative ion filter
US6251282B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-06-26 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma filter with helical magnetic field
US6287463B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2001-09-11 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Collector cup
US6293406B1 (en) 2000-08-21 2001-09-25 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Multi-mass filter
US6303007B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2001-10-16 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma injector
US6304036B1 (en) 2000-08-08 2001-10-16 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. System and method for initiating plasma production
US6322706B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-11-27 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Radial plasma mass filter
US6326627B1 (en) 2000-08-02 2001-12-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Mass filtering sputtered ion source
US6396223B1 (en) 2000-04-21 2002-05-28 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Cusp filter
US6398920B1 (en) 2001-02-21 2002-06-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Partially ionized plasma mass filter
US6403954B1 (en) 1999-12-08 2002-06-11 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Linear filter
US6410880B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2002-06-25 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Induction plasma torch liquid waste injector
EP1119018A3 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-07-24 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Inverted orbit filter
US6515281B1 (en) 2000-06-23 2003-02-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Stochastic cyclotron ion filter (SCIF)
US6541764B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2003-04-01 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Helically symmetric plasma mass filter
US6576127B1 (en) 2002-02-28 2003-06-10 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Ponderomotive force plug for a plasma mass filter
US20030183581A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Sergei Putvinski Plasma mass filter with axially opposed plasma injectors
US6632369B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2003-10-14 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Molten salt collector for plasma separations
US6639222B2 (en) 2001-11-15 2003-10-28 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Device and method for extracting a constituent from a chemical mixture
US20030230536A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-18 Tihiro Ohkawa Isotope separator
US6686800B2 (en) 2001-02-13 2004-02-03 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Low noise, electric field sensor
US20040031740A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-02-19 Tihiro Ohkawa High throughput plasma mass filter
US6719909B2 (en) 2002-04-02 2004-04-13 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Band gap plasma mass filter
US20040070446A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2004-04-15 Krupka Michael Andrew Low noise, electric field sensor
US6787044B1 (en) 2003-03-10 2004-09-07 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. High frequency wave heated plasma mass filter
US6797176B1 (en) 2003-07-03 2004-09-28 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter with inductive rotational drive
US20040251123A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Tihiro Ohkawa Stratified discharge for dissociation of electronegative molecular gas
US20040254435A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Robert Mathews Sensor system for measuring biopotentials
US20050073322A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-07 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Sensor system for measurement of one or more vector components of an electric field
US20050173630A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2005-08-11 Tihiro Ohkawa Mass separator with controlled input
US20050172896A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2005-08-11 Tihiro Ohkawa Injector for plasma mass filter
US6939469B2 (en) 2002-12-16 2005-09-06 Archimedes Operating, Llc Band gap mass filter with induced azimuthal electric field
US20050275416A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Quasar, Inc. Garment incorporating embedded physiological sensors
US20060015027A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-01-19 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Unobtrusive measurement system for bioelectric signals
US20060041196A1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Quasar, Inc. Unobtrusive measurement system for bioelectric signals
US20070092050A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Parks Paul B Microwave-powered pellet accelerator
US20070095726A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-03 Tihiro Ohkawa Chafftron
US20070199830A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Farag Tarek A Z Isotopes separation and purification in an electrolytic medium
US20090028282A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2009-01-29 Parks Paul B Microwave-powered pellet accelerator
US20100260310A1 (en) * 2004-05-30 2010-10-14 Leszek Andrzej Kuczynski Nuclear plant
US9121082B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2015-09-01 Advanced Magnetic Processes Inc. Magneto-plasma separator and method for separation
US10269458B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2019-04-23 Alpha Ring International, Ltd. Reactor using electrical and magnetic fields
US10274225B2 (en) 2017-05-08 2019-04-30 Alpha Ring International, Ltd. Water heater
US10319480B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2019-06-11 Alpha Ring International, Ltd. Fusion reactor using azimuthally accelerated plasma
CN110116057A (zh) * 2019-04-22 2019-08-13 太原理工大学 一种用于旋流器内磁性矿浆的加速装置
US10515726B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2019-12-24 Alpha Ring International, Ltd. Reducing the coulombic barrier to interacting reactants
US11495362B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2022-11-08 Alpha Ring International Limited Methods, devices and systems for fusion reactions
US11642645B2 (en) 2015-01-08 2023-05-09 Alfred Y. Wong Conversion of natural gas to liquid form using a rotation/separation system in a chemical reactor

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GB2153707B (en) * 1984-02-10 1987-04-29 Frederick Thomas Barwell Electromagnetic rotary separator
DE3703444C1 (enExample) * 1987-02-05 1988-06-23 Metzka, Hans-Joachim, 8500 Nuernberg, De
EP0860935A1 (de) * 1997-02-12 1998-08-26 Elmar Wolf Gerät zur Kopplung von elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern
EP1171241A1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2002-01-16 Exportech Company, Inc. A method and apparatus for sorting particles with electric and magnetic forces

Cited By (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4093427A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-06-06 Schlenker R F Method for separating isotopes
US4085039A (en) * 1976-05-24 1978-04-18 Allen James W Magnetic separator with helical classifying path
US4217213A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for the separation of minute magnetizable particles, method and apparatus
US6235250B1 (en) 1997-11-14 2001-05-22 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Nuclear waste separator
AU764430B2 (en) * 1998-11-16 2003-08-21 Archimedes Operating, Llc Plasma mass filter
US6096220A (en) * 1998-11-16 2000-08-01 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter
EP1001450A3 (en) * 1998-11-16 2001-03-14 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter
US6217776B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-04-17 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Centrifugal filter for multi-species plasma
US6235202B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-05-22 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Tandem plasma mass filter
US6248240B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-06-19 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter
US6251281B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-06-26 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Negative ion filter
US6251282B1 (en) 1998-11-16 2001-06-26 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma filter with helical magnetic field
US6203710B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-03-20 David D. Woodbridge Liquid decontamination method and apparatus
US6322706B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-11-27 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Radial plasma mass filter
US6214223B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-04-10 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Toroidal plasma mass filter
US6303007B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2001-10-16 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma injector
US6287463B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2001-09-11 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Collector cup
EP1107283A3 (en) * 1999-11-30 2002-07-31 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Negative ion filter
US6403954B1 (en) 1999-12-08 2002-06-11 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Linear filter
EP1115143A3 (en) * 1999-12-08 2002-07-24 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma filter with helical magnetic field
AU770948B2 (en) * 1999-12-15 2004-03-11 General Atomics Plasma mass filter
EP1115142A3 (en) * 1999-12-15 2002-07-24 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter
US6410880B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2002-06-25 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Induction plasma torch liquid waste injector
EP1119018A3 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-07-24 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Inverted orbit filter
US6396223B1 (en) 2000-04-21 2002-05-28 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Cusp filter
US6515281B1 (en) 2000-06-23 2003-02-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Stochastic cyclotron ion filter (SCIF)
US6326627B1 (en) 2000-08-02 2001-12-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Mass filtering sputtered ion source
US6304036B1 (en) 2000-08-08 2001-10-16 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. System and method for initiating plasma production
RU2229924C2 (ru) * 2000-08-08 2004-06-10 Аркимедес Текнолоджи Груп, Инк. Плазменный фильтр масс и способ отделения частиц малой массы от частиц большой массы
US6293406B1 (en) 2000-08-21 2001-09-25 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Multi-mass filter
US7088175B2 (en) 2001-02-13 2006-08-08 Quantum Applied Science & Research, Inc. Low noise, electric field sensor
US6686800B2 (en) 2001-02-13 2004-02-03 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Low noise, electric field sensor
US20040070446A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2004-04-15 Krupka Michael Andrew Low noise, electric field sensor
US6398920B1 (en) 2001-02-21 2002-06-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Partially ionized plasma mass filter
US6541764B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2003-04-01 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Helically symmetric plasma mass filter
US6632369B2 (en) 2001-07-11 2003-10-14 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Molten salt collector for plasma separations
US6639222B2 (en) 2001-11-15 2003-10-28 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Device and method for extracting a constituent from a chemical mixture
US6576127B1 (en) 2002-02-28 2003-06-10 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Ponderomotive force plug for a plasma mass filter
US20030183581A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Sergei Putvinski Plasma mass filter with axially opposed plasma injectors
US6719909B2 (en) 2002-04-02 2004-04-13 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Band gap plasma mass filter
US6730231B2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2004-05-04 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter with axially opposed plasma injectors
US6726844B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2004-04-27 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Isotope separator
US20030230536A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-18 Tihiro Ohkawa Isotope separator
US20040031740A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-02-19 Tihiro Ohkawa High throughput plasma mass filter
US6723248B2 (en) 2002-08-16 2004-04-20 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. High throughput plasma mass filter
US6939469B2 (en) 2002-12-16 2005-09-06 Archimedes Operating, Llc Band gap mass filter with induced azimuthal electric field
US6787044B1 (en) 2003-03-10 2004-09-07 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. High frequency wave heated plasma mass filter
US20040251123A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Tihiro Ohkawa Stratified discharge for dissociation of electronegative molecular gas
US20040254435A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Robert Mathews Sensor system for measuring biopotentials
US6961601B2 (en) 2003-06-11 2005-11-01 Quantum Applied Science & Research, Inc. Sensor system for measuring biopotentials
US6797176B1 (en) 2003-07-03 2004-09-28 Archimedes Technology Group, Inc. Plasma mass filter with inductive rotational drive
US20050073322A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-07 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Sensor system for measurement of one or more vector components of an electric field
US7141968B2 (en) 2003-10-07 2006-11-28 Quasar Federal Systems, Inc. Integrated sensor system for measuring electric and/or magnetic field vector components
US7141987B2 (en) 2003-10-07 2006-11-28 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Sensor system for measurement of one or more vector components of an electric field
US20070159167A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2007-07-12 Hibbs Andrew D Integrated sensor system for measuring electric and/or magnetic field vector components
US20050073302A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-07 Quantum Applied Science And Research, Inc. Integrated sensor system for measuring electric and/or magnetic field vector components
US20050173630A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2005-08-11 Tihiro Ohkawa Mass separator with controlled input
EP1723665A4 (en) * 2004-02-10 2008-06-25 Archimedes Operating Llc MASS SEPARATOR WITH CONTROLLED INPUT
US6956217B2 (en) 2004-02-10 2005-10-18 Archimedes Operating, Llc Mass separator with controlled input
WO2005078761A1 (en) 2004-02-10 2005-08-25 Archimedes Operating, Llc Mass separator with controlled input
US20050172896A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2005-08-11 Tihiro Ohkawa Injector for plasma mass filter
US8379789B2 (en) 2004-05-30 2013-02-19 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Proprietary) Limited Nuclear plant
US20100260310A1 (en) * 2004-05-30 2010-10-14 Leszek Andrzej Kuczynski Nuclear plant
US20050275416A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Quasar, Inc. Garment incorporating embedded physiological sensors
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2095896A5 (enExample) 1972-02-11
DE2127413A1 (de) 1971-12-09
GB1349995A (en) 1974-04-10
NL7107543A (enExample) 1971-12-07
CA936975A (en) 1973-11-13
SE338962B (enExample) 1971-09-27
CH541996A (de) 1973-09-30

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