US3721818A - Ceiling mounted luminaire and light-transmitting enclosure therefor - Google Patents

Ceiling mounted luminaire and light-transmitting enclosure therefor Download PDF

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US3721818A
US3721818A US00038238A US3721818DA US3721818A US 3721818 A US3721818 A US 3721818A US 00038238 A US00038238 A US 00038238A US 3721818D A US3721818D A US 3721818DA US 3721818 A US3721818 A US 3721818A
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pattern
light
reach
improvement
protrusions
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L Stahlhut
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K S H INC US
KSH Inc
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KSH Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/10—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources

Definitions

  • the light distribu- 350/259-261, 103, 104, 106, 109, 167-169 tion pattern is a batwing pattern which reduces both direct and reflected glare.
  • References Cited 21 lenticular pattern on the lower face of a horizontal reach of the enclosure enlarges a pattern of upwardly UNITED STATES PATENTS convergent protrusions having light reducing upper 755,196 3 1904 Wadsworth ..350/260 Surfaces which a light reducing Patem the 2,057,395 10/1936 Sharp ..350/l06 x upper Surface of the reach directly 2,434,049 1/1948 Nordquist 240 93 x ticules, to reduce luminanCe at viewing angles near the 3,085,473 4/1963 Bourgeaux ..350/l67 nadir; th nticular pattern also cuts off high angle lu- 3,265,804 8/1966 Berger 240/
  • the light reducing pattern is provided 3,351,753 11 1967 Berger ..240/106 directly on a flat upper face of the reach. in other em- 3,398,273 8/1968 Rex bodiments the pattern is positioned relative to the len- 3,40s,491 10/1968 George ..240 41.4 ticules to provide different lighting patterns.
  • FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 9 upwardly merged s1ons provide the prmclpal or sole means for reducmg Q4330] 4/1937 Germany ..350/ 106 luminance at low viewing angles.
  • Lighting engineers have long recognized two types of glare which are detrimental to visual tasks.
  • the first of these is direct glare.
  • This term refers to the effects of luminance at large angles from the nadir (i.e. near the horizontal), which produce glare directly from the light source into the field of vision of the worker.
  • the other type of glare is known as reflected glare or veiling reflections. These terms refer to the effect of reflection of a light source from a visual task.
  • Extensive study has been made of reflected glare as it relates to the visual task, the worker and the lighting system. These studies have shown that 85 percent of seeing occurs within a range of viewing angles from to 40, with the maximum at about 25".
  • Direct glare has been effectively reduced by the use of prismatic lighting enclosures or by louvers, which cut off large angle luminance from ceiling mounted lighting fixtures. There has been far less success in reducing reflected glare and veiling reflections. Diffusing (translucent) panels reduce reflected glare but do not by any means eliminate it. Furthermore, diffusing panels restore the direct glare problem. Panels made in accordance with my U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,990 overcome the direct glare problems associated with diffusing panels, but like diffusing panels merely reduce reflected glare.
  • luminaires could be produced which distribute light in a batwing pattern in which virtually all of the light is directed in a band between the high angle direct glare zone and the low angle reflected glare zone.
  • the use of luminaires having a batwing light distribution pattern in even one transverse plane would reduce or eliminate most glare problems, without requiring careful placement of the luminaires or excessively high lighting levels.
  • satisfactory luminaires have never been developed which produce a batwing pattern with properly shaped and spread wings or which are simple enough to be commercially acceptable.
  • One of the object of this invention is to provide a ceiling mounted luminaire which provides a highly desirable batwing pattern.
  • Another object is to provide such a luminaire which can be adapted to provide other desirable lighting patterns.
  • Another object is to provide a light transmitting panel which will provide such patterns when used in a conventional fixture and when used with either a lineal or point light source.
  • a ceiling-mounted luminaire having the usual mounting means, lamp or bulb supporting means, light transmitting enclosure and support for the enclosure.
  • the enclosure includes a horizontal reach including light control means for producing the desired lighting pattern.
  • the light control means include a lenticular pattern on the lower surface of the horizontal reach and a cooperating pattern of upwardly convergent protrusions on the upper surface of the reach.
  • the protrusions have light transmitting side walls and light reducing upper surfaces.
  • the protrusions are arranged with their light reducing upper surfaces directly over the centers of the individual lenticules of the lenticular pattern to form a light reducing pattern which is magnified by the lenticules at small viewing angles from the nadir. Also at small angles, the side walls increase the effective size of the light reducing areas to essentially the size of the protrusions.
  • the lenticules, protrusions and flat upper face also cut off most luminance at high angles.
  • the lighting pattern of this embodiment is a batwing pattern with the wings spread at about 40 and with sharp cut-offs at around 20-25 and 55-60 from the nadir.
  • the lenticules are cylindrical and straight and the protrusions are straight ribs. ln another embodiment the lenticules are cylindrical and bent and the protrusions are bent ribs. In another embodiment the lenticules are spherical and the protrusions are frustums, either conical or pyramidal.
  • the configuration of the upper surface or the lower surface of the horizontal reach is altered.
  • the upper surface is flat and light reducing areas are provided on the flat surface.
  • the lower surface is flat.
  • the light reducing pattern is positioned over the junctions of the lenticules to provide a l ouvered effect.
  • the protrusions in those embodiments in which they are used, cover a substantial portion of the upper face of the horizontal reach, on the order of 30 percent or more.
  • the light reducing areas are preferably positioned considerably closer to the lower surface than the focal point of the lenticules.
  • the light reducing areas are areas which are more light reducing than the surrounding surface. That is, the light reducing areas may be opaque and the surrounding surface translucent or clear, or the light reducing area may be translucent and the surrounding surface clear.
  • the light reducing areas are preferably reflective to increase efficiency, but may be absorptive. They may be any color that is aesthetically suitable for the intended use of the enclosure or fixture.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a ceiling-mounted luminaire of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a lighting pattern diagram showing a desirable batwing lighting pattern which may be obtained with a luminaire of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the preferred embodiment of light transmitting enclosure of the luminaire shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the light transmitting enclosure of FIG. 3, taken along the line 44 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a view in bottom plan of the light transmitting enclosure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a view in top plan of the light transmitting enclosure shown in FIGS. 3-5;
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view, corresponding to FIG. 3, of another illustrative embodiment of light transmitting enclosure
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view, corresponding to. FIG. 3, of another illustrative embodiment of light transmitting enclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a transverse sectional view, corresponding to FIG. 4, of the light transmitting enclosure of FIG. 8, taken along the line 9-9;
  • FIG. 10 is a view in bottom plan, corresponding to FIG. 5, of the light transmitting enclosure of FIGS. 8 and 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a view in top plan, corresponding to FIG. 6, of the light transmitting enclosure of FIGS. 8-10;
  • FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of light transmitting enclosure
  • FIG. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of light transmitting enclosure for reducing luminance at high viewing angles;
  • FIG. 14 is a fragmentary sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of light transmitting enclosure for reducing luminance at small viewing angles;
  • FIG. 15 is a fragmentary sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of light transmitting enclosure
  • FIG. 16 is a view in bottom plan, corresponding to FIG. 5, of the light transmitting enclosure of FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 17 is a view in top plan, corresponding to FIG.
  • reference numeral 1 indicates one illustrative embodiment of luminaire embodying the present invention.
  • the luminaire 1 includes a grid 2 of T-rails 3 having mounting holes 4 on their vertical legs 5 for mounting the grid 2 on a ceiling structure 7, as with wires 9.
  • the ceiling structure 7 may be a traditional finished ceiling or may be simply a framework under an upper floor or a roof.
  • the luminaire 1 also includes ballasts 10 held to the ceiling structure 7 by screws 11. Brackets 12 are provided on ballasts 10 for supporting fluorescent lamps 13 which act as a fixed light source.
  • the horizontal arms 15 on the grid 2 support light transmitting enclosures in the form of horizontal, flat lighting panels 17 having an upper surface 19 and a lower surface 21.
  • the luminaire l is, of course, simply a typical luminous ceiling.
  • the lighting panel 17 permits the production of special lighting patterns including among others a batwing lighting pattern.
  • a particularly desirable batwing pattern is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the luminaire of the invention may be a lighting fixture 23 in which the lighting panel 17 and fluorescent lamps 13 are supported and which is itself mounted on the grid 2.
  • the luminaire may also be of other types such as surface mounted, flush, recessed or regressed.
  • FIGS. 3-6 Details of a particularly desirable lighting panel 17 are shown in FIGS. 3-6.
  • This illustrative embodiment of panel 17 is made of a transparent material such as clear acrylic or polystyrene plastic or clear glass.
  • the upper surface 19 of the panel is provided with a pattern of upwardly convergent protrusions in the form of linear ribs 30.
  • the ribs 30 have side walls 31 which slope about 20 from the normal to the plane of the panel.
  • Flat upper surfaces 33 on the protrusions 30 are coated with an opaque paint 35.
  • the painted surfaces of the ribs form a light reducing pattern on the upper surface 19 of the panel 17.
  • Flat surfaces 37 are left between the ribs 30.
  • the side walls 31 and surfaces 37 are optically clear.
  • the lower surface 21 of this illustrative embodiment of panel 17 includes a lenticular pattern consisting of clear cylindrical lenticules 40, each of which is positioned directly beneath one of the ribs 30 on the upper surface of the panel. Downwardly convergent transverse ridges 50 are provided on the lower surface.
  • This embodiment of panel 17 may be formed as a single piece by conventional methods, and the upper faces 33 of the ribs 30 may be roller painted with the opaque paint 35.
  • FIGS. 3-6 The use of the panel of FIGS. 3-6 in the fixture of FIG. 1 produces a batwing lighting pattern almost identical with that shown in FIG. 2, except that with some luminaires above about some high angle brightness may occur. This may be eliminated by shallow louvers below or incorporated into the panel or by a prismatic panel over the panel 17.
  • the proportions A are preferred because they provide a painted surface covering about 20 percent of the upper face of the panel in top plan elevation and therefore provide a relatively high lighting efficiency.
  • the wings of the batwing pattern produced by these proportions are somewhat wider than those shown in FIG. 2, but the pattern is still a highly desirable one.
  • the proportions B provide lower lighting efficiency, with about.
  • FIG. 3 The method by which a batwing pattern is produced by the illustrative panel of FIGS. 3-6 is shown diagramatically in FIG. 3.
  • the arrows 60 indicate the limits of theoretically permissible light paths through the ribs and lenticules of the panel 17.
  • the permissible light paths are shown for a single representative viewing angle through each lenticule, and therefore the relative brightness for each viewing angle may be approximated by noting the relative amount of shading at each angle.
  • the lenticular part of the panel is completely dark. This is because the rib 30 is magnified by the lenticule 40 and because at this angle the side walls 31 completely reflect the painted upper surface 33 of the rib by internal reflection.
  • the entire side wall 31 becomes transparent. Because the surface 37 between the ribs 30 is also transparent at this angle, virtually the entire lenticular portion of the lens is lighted, as shown at 60d. Only a small band of possible light paths is cut off by the opaque upper surface of the adjacent rib.
  • the side walls 31 of the ribs 30 cffectively increase the size of the opaque upper surfaces 33 by about I00 percent at small viewing angles. At angles near 45, the side walls become completely transparent and increase brightness by shifting the angle of incidence for permitted light paths toward the normal to the plane.
  • the opaque upper surfaces 33 are positioned at a distance from the lenticular faces considerably less than the one-and-a-half diameters which is taken as the nominal focal point of a semicircular lens. This is done intentionally, because unlike most lenticular lens arrangements used heretofore, the purpose of the panel and luminaire of this invention is not to provide a sharp image to be observed by a viewer, but to provide carefully modulated lighting intensities through nearly a complete 180 of viewing angles.
  • the ridge 50 on the lower surface does not enlarge the opaque areas on the upper face of the lighting panel. Therefore, at 0 its luminance is approximately one half of its luminance at 45. This brightness of the ribs is important in alleviating the psychological effect of having the lighting panel become completely dark as one walks under it or views it at high angles in line with the ribs.
  • this embodiment of panel is extremely rigid, and has a very favorable strength to weight ratio, as compared with other panels.
  • FIGS. 3-6 The embodiment of light transmitting enclosure 17 shown in FIGS. 3-6 is the presently preferred embodiment, for all of the reasons described. However, numerous modifications are possible which share many of the advantages of the embodiment of FIGS. 3-6 and which provide advantages of their own.
  • FIG. 7 an embodiment is shown which differs from the first embodiment in lacking ridges 50 and in having roughened rib side walls 131 and surfaces 137 between the ribs, corresponding to the clear walls 31 and surfaces 37 of the first embodiment.
  • the roughening of the walls and surfaces performs the dual function of permitting some light leakage at 0 viewing angle and of diffusing the light source image, particularly at viewing angles of maximum luminance.
  • a thin sheet of light diffusing material may be bonded to the upper surfaces of the ribs of the first embodiment, as shown at at the right-hand side of FIG. 3. This alternative approach does not affect the optical performance of the embodiment of FIGS. 3-6.
  • the protrusions 230 corresponding to the ribs 30 of the first embodiment are in the form of pyramidal frustums, the sides 231 of which are upwardly convergent at an angle of about 20 from the normal and the upper surfaces 233 of which are coated with an opaque paint 235.
  • the lenticular pattern on its lower surface consists of overlapping spherical lenticules 240 having the same'relative centers of curvature and the same radii of curvature as the lenticules 40 of the first illustrative embodiment.
  • the dimensions of this embodiment may be precisely the same as those shown for the corresponding parts of the first illustrative embodiment.
  • this embodiment provides a batwing pattern in all planes 360 around the panel.
  • the pyramidal frustums may also provide more light along the diagonal, a light distribution characteristic which is frequently desirable.
  • the proportion of the upper surface covered with light reducing areas is far less (hence the efficiency far greater) than in the first illustrative embodiment.
  • the protrusions cover only about 50 percent of the upper surface 19 and the coated surfaces cover only about 4-12 percent of the upper surface 19, as compared with about 70 percent and 20-35 percent respectively for the first embodiment.
  • the effective thickness of this embodiment is only the distance between the junctions of the lenticules 240 and the surface 237 between the protrusions 230, and therefore the strength to weight ratio of this embodiment is considerably less than for the first embodiment. Reinforcing ribs on the upper or lower surface, or a different proportioning of the elements could be used to strengthen this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of panel shown in FIG. 12 lacks any protrusions on its upper face, and a light reducing pattern is painted directly onto its upper face, such as by silk screening.
  • the pattern consists of opaque painted strips or dots 335, depending on whether the lenticules 340 on its lower face are cylindrical or spherical.
  • the light reducing areas 335 are again placed much closer to the lenticules 340 than the nominal focal points of the lenticules in order to provide a substantial reduction of luminance at viewing angles up to 25. Nonetheless, luminance below 25 is still considerably greater than ideal.
  • a thin translucent sheet 370 is bonded to the upper surface at the opaque areas 335 and is spaced away from the upper surface of the panel 17 by the opaque areas, to reduce the luminance at small viewing angles without affecting the cut-off at high viewing angles.
  • the cut-off is not as great as is provided by the first embodiment, but at extremely high angles the cut-off is virtually complete. Therefore, for certain purposes this panel may be more desirable than the panel of the first embodiment, although as noted it lacks certain light distribution qualities and also is optically less efficient, has less strength as compared with its weight, and is harder to manufacture accurately.
  • the light transmitting enclosure of this invention may be modified in other ways to produce other lighting patterns. These patterns are frequently desirable for special lighting purposes.
  • the body of the light transmitting enclosure is identical with the embodiment of FIG. 12.
  • the light reducing areas 435 are provided over the junctions 441, rather than the centers, of the lenticules 440.
  • Light reducing areas 480 are also provided on the centers of the lenticules 440 to reduce high angle luminance to a very small value.
  • This embodiment acts as a louver which focuses most of the light directly downward.
  • the cutoff angle of this embodiment may be made as small and as complete as desired, by varying the width of the opaque areas 435 and 480 and the thickness of the panel.
  • protrusions 530 which may be identical with those of any of FIGS. 3-11, cut off light at very small viewing angles. They also reduce luminance at high viewing angles. The spacing between the protrusions determines luminance at small angles.
  • the wings of this embodiment are far too broad for most lighting purposes in which a batwing pattern is desired. It may be used in situations in which direct glare is not a problem and most work is done looking almost straight down at the visual tasks. Furthermore, supplementary means may be used to improve the lighting pattern for other purposes. This panel may also be turned over and used as an effective louver.
  • any other fixed light sources such as incandescent bulbs or mercury vapor lamps may be used in luminaires incorporating the panels already described or other light transmitting enclosures particularly designed for use with these sources.
  • the enclosure of FIGS. 15-17 is particularly suitable for use in an incandescent bulb fixture, although its use is not limited thereto.
  • the lower face of the panel includes a pattern of linear lenticules 640 bent to form concentric squares, with diagonal ridges 650.
  • Cooperating rib protrusions 230 are provided on the upper face of the panel.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of this embodiment may be the same as for corresponding elements of the embodiment of FIGS. 3-6. This embodiment is conveniently cast in glass.
  • the light reducing areas may be placed asymmetrically with respect to the lenticules to provide asymmetric lighting patterns, for example for providing indirect lighting from a wall.
  • the side walls of the protrusions may be concave of otherwise contoured rather than straight.
  • the lenticules may be spaced apart rather than intersecting, although this arrangement would tend to degrade the lighting pattern.
  • Some lenticules or some light reducing areas may be omitted.
  • the lenticules may be concentric rings or other figures.
  • the features of some embodiments may be combined with other embodiments.
  • the enclosure may have side walls with or without light controlling means like those on the horizontal reach of the enclosure.
  • a luminaire having means for mounting said luminaire on a ceiling structure, means for supporting a fixed light source in said luminaire, a light transmitting enclosure having a broad horizontal reach, said reach having an upper surface and a lower surface, and means for supporting said light transmitting enclosure with said horizontal reach in a generally horizontal position beneath the light source, the improvement comprising means for reducing luminance at small viewing angles from the nadir, said means comprising a pattern of upwardly convergent protrusions on the upper surface of said reach of said enclosure, said protrusions being isosceles trapezoids in cross section, said protrusions having light transmitting side walls and light reducing upper surfaces, the side walls of said protrusions sloping about l0-30 from the normal to the plane of the reach.
  • the light con trolling pattern comprises means for reducing luminance at high viewing angles from the nadir.
  • said means for reducing luminance at high viewing angles from the nadir comprises a pattern of lenticules, the centers of said lenticules being positioned directly below said light reducing upper surfaces of said protrusions, the pattern of lenticules further enhancing said reduction of luminance at said small viewing angles from the nadir.
  • said 'improvement comprising means for reducing luminance at small viewing angles from the normal below the enclosure, said means comprising a pattern of upwardly convergent protrusions on the upper surface of said reach of said enclosure, said protrusions being isosceles trapezoids in cross section, said protrusions having light transmitting side walls and light reducing upper surfaces, the side walls of said protrusions sloping about 30 from the normal to the plane of the reach, said light reducing upper surfaces forming a light reducing pattern, said protrusions covering at least thirty percent of said reach when viewed in top plan.
  • said light reducing pattern comprises an opaque paint on said upper surfaces of said protrusions.
  • a light transmitting enclosure for use in a luminaire having a light source, said enclosure including a broad reach positionable below said light source, said reach having an upper surface and a lower surface, a lenticular pattern on the lower surface and a cooperating light reducing pattern on the upper surface, and a diffusing sheet overlying said upper surface, spaced therefrom intermediate said light reducing pattern by said light reducing pattern.
  • a luminaire having means for mounting said luminaire on a ceiling structure, means for supporting a fixed light source in said luminaire, a light transmitting enclosure having a broad horizontal reach, said reach having an upper surface and a lower surface, and means for supporting said light transmitting enclosure with said horizontal reach in a generally horizontal position beneath the light source, the improvement comprising means for producing a batwing lighting pattern below said fixture, said means comprising a lenticular pattern on the lower face of said reach of said enclosure and a cooperating light reducing pattern on the upper face of said reach of said enclosure, said light reducing pattern being arranged over the centers of the individual lenticules of said lenticular pattern, said light reducing pattern being positioned substantially closer to the lenticular pattern than the nominal focal length of the lenticules of said lenticular pattern.
  • the light diffusing means comprises a diffusing sheet overlying said upper surface of said reach, spaced therefrom intermediate said light reducing pattern by said light reducing pattern.
  • a light transmitting enclosure having a broad reach with an upper surface and a lower surface
  • the improvement comprising light control means on the reach for producing a batwing lighting pattern, said light control means comprising a lenticular pattern on the lower surface of the reach and a cooperating pattern of upwardly convergent protrusions on the upper surface of the reach, said protrusions having light transmitting side walls and light reducing upper surfaces,
  • said light reducing upper surfaces forming a light reducing pattern directly above the centers of individual lenticules of said lenticular pattern, said light reducing pattern being positioned substantially closer to the lenticular pattern than the nominal focal length of the lenticules of said lenticular pattern.
  • said light reducing pattern comprises an opaque paint on said upper surfaces of said protrusions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
US00038238A 1970-05-18 1970-05-18 Ceiling mounted luminaire and light-transmitting enclosure therefor Expired - Lifetime US3721818A (en)

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BE (1) BE767113A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7102942D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA935799A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE7118967U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2091760A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1365507A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU63178A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7106512A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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US3978332A (en) * 1975-07-14 1976-08-31 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Lighting apparatus with batwing light distribution
US3988609A (en) * 1975-03-14 1976-10-26 K-S-H, Inc. Lighting panel and luminaire using it
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US4004145A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-01-18 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Nil-luminance lighting panel
US4034555A (en) * 1975-12-16 1977-07-12 Rosenthal Bruce A Lenticular optical system
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US4071748A (en) * 1975-01-20 1978-01-31 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Lighting panel with controlled distribution of polarized light
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US4462068A (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-07-24 Manville Service Corporation Luminaire with improved lens structure
US4562515A (en) * 1984-05-23 1985-12-31 Emerson Electric Co. Calibrated area source task light
US4755921A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-07-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Lens
US4935335A (en) * 1986-01-06 1990-06-19 Dennison Manufacturing Company Multiple imaging
US5580165A (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-12-03 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Vehicular lamp having appearance of depth
US6356391B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2002-03-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film with variable angle prisms
US6447135B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2002-09-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Lightguide having a directly secured reflector and method of making the same
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USD517725S1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2006-03-21 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Lens for light-emitting device
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US20080111948A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
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US7445361B1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2008-11-04 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US20090073723A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US20090080219A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US20100135004A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2010-06-03 Epstein Kenneth A Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US7789538B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2010-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US7950833B1 (en) 2008-06-17 2011-05-31 Genlyte Thomas Group Llc Splay frame luminaire
US20130201669A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd Led illumination apparatus with improved output uniformity
EP1059484B2 (de) † 1999-05-25 2014-05-14 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik GmbH Leuchte mit breitstrahlender Lichtstärkeverteilung
EP2927566A1 (en) 2014-04-01 2015-10-07 Osram Sylvania Inc. Batwing light beam distribution using directional optics
WO2015184456A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Osram Sylvania Inc. Light control films and lighting devices including same
US9765949B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2017-09-19 Bright View Technologies Corporation Shaped microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
US9939124B1 (en) * 2017-02-17 2018-04-10 Tsaize Technology Co., Ltd. Light mask type optical device
US10072816B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2018-09-11 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
US10302275B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2019-05-28 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based diffusers for creating batwing lighting patterns
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US10948162B2 (en) 2018-05-04 2021-03-16 Abl Ip Holding Llc Optics for aisle lighting
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US3996458A (en) * 1974-02-25 1976-12-07 Jones Terry D Ceiling system
US3866036A (en) * 1974-04-16 1975-02-11 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Fluorescent fixture with optical device
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US4071750A (en) * 1974-12-16 1978-01-31 Nova-Lux-Gesellschaft Brandenburg & Co. Light diffuser and lamp incorporating the same
US4071748A (en) * 1975-01-20 1978-01-31 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Lighting panel with controlled distribution of polarized light
US4004145A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-01-18 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Nil-luminance lighting panel
US3988609A (en) * 1975-03-14 1976-10-26 K-S-H, Inc. Lighting panel and luminaire using it
US4069417A (en) * 1975-05-01 1978-01-17 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Lighting panel having improved refracting elements
US3978332A (en) * 1975-07-14 1976-08-31 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Lighting apparatus with batwing light distribution
US4034555A (en) * 1975-12-16 1977-07-12 Rosenthal Bruce A Lenticular optical system
DE2738013A1 (de) * 1976-08-23 1978-03-02 Bausch & Lomb Leuchte, insbesondere zur gesteuerten beleuchtung einer nutzflaeche
US4462068A (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-07-24 Manville Service Corporation Luminaire with improved lens structure
US4562515A (en) * 1984-05-23 1985-12-31 Emerson Electric Co. Calibrated area source task light
US4935335A (en) * 1986-01-06 1990-06-19 Dennison Manufacturing Company Multiple imaging
US4755921A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-07-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Lens
US5580165A (en) * 1993-12-22 1996-12-03 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Vehicular lamp having appearance of depth
US6459197B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2002-10-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Fluorescent lamp and luminaire with improved illumination light in a low color temperature region
EP1059484B2 (de) † 1999-05-25 2014-05-14 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik GmbH Leuchte mit breitstrahlender Lichtstärkeverteilung
US6845212B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2005-01-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical element having programmed optical structures
US20060051048A1 (en) * 1999-10-08 2006-03-09 Gardiner Mark E Backlight with structured surfaces
US6707611B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2004-03-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film with variable angle prisms
US20050001043A1 (en) * 1999-10-08 2005-01-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical elements having programmed optical structures
US7873256B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2011-01-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight with structured surfaces
US8588574B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2013-11-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight with structured surfaces
US20080050088A1 (en) * 1999-10-08 2008-02-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Backlight with structured surfaces
US6560026B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2003-05-06 Mark E. Gardiner Optical film with variable angle prisms
US7221847B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2007-05-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical elements having programmed optical structures
US7046905B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2006-05-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Blacklight with structured surfaces
US6447135B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2002-09-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Lightguide having a directly secured reflector and method of making the same
US6356391B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2002-03-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film with variable angle prisms
USD515715S1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-02-21 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Light source for a lighting device
USD515224S1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-02-14 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Light source for a lighting device
USD517725S1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2006-03-21 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Lens for light-emitting device
US20070030415A1 (en) * 2005-05-16 2007-02-08 Epstein Kenneth A Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
FR2892833A1 (fr) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-04 Bernard Pictet Ecran afficheur statique a motif d'aspect variable
US8690373B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2014-04-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US7478913B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2009-01-20 3M Innovative Properties Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US20100135004A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2010-06-03 Epstein Kenneth A Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US7766528B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2010-08-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US7789538B2 (en) 2006-11-15 2010-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US20080111945A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US20080111948A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Back-lit displays with high illumination uniformity
US20090073723A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US20090080219A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US7637645B2 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-12-29 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US7445361B1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2008-11-04 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US7950833B1 (en) 2008-06-17 2011-05-31 Genlyte Thomas Group Llc Splay frame luminaire
US20130201669A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd Led illumination apparatus with improved output uniformity
US10302275B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2019-05-28 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based diffusers for creating batwing lighting patterns
US10072816B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2018-09-11 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
US9765949B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2017-09-19 Bright View Technologies Corporation Shaped microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
EP2927566A1 (en) 2014-04-01 2015-10-07 Osram Sylvania Inc. Batwing light beam distribution using directional optics
US10260711B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2019-04-16 Osram Sylvania Inc. Light control films and lighting devices including same
WO2015184456A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Osram Sylvania Inc. Light control films and lighting devices including same
US9939124B1 (en) * 2017-02-17 2018-04-10 Tsaize Technology Co., Ltd. Light mask type optical device
US10948162B2 (en) 2018-05-04 2021-03-16 Abl Ip Holding Llc Optics for aisle lighting
USD895878S1 (en) 2018-05-04 2020-09-08 Abl Ip Holding Llc Asymmetric linear optic
USD927037S1 (en) 2018-05-04 2021-08-03 Abl Ip Holding Llc Symmetric linear optic
US11512834B2 (en) 2018-05-04 2022-11-29 Abl Ip Holding Llc Optics for aisle lighting
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7106307L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-19
BE767113A (fr) 1971-10-01
FR2091760A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-14
DE2124021A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-10
DE7118967U (de) 1971-11-18
LU63178A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-01
NL7106512A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-22
GB1365507A (en) 1974-09-04
CA935799A (en) 1973-10-23
ZA712854B (en) 1972-01-26
BR7102942D0 (pt) 1973-04-12

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