US3720063A - Apparatus for forming sand piles - Google Patents

Apparatus for forming sand piles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3720063A
US3720063A US00168830A US3720063DA US3720063A US 3720063 A US3720063 A US 3720063A US 00168830 A US00168830 A US 00168830A US 3720063D A US3720063D A US 3720063DA US 3720063 A US3720063 A US 3720063A
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Prior art keywords
pipe
sleeve
casing pipe
ground
sand
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00168830A
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English (en)
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M Shono
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E02D3/106—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains by forming sand drains containing only loose aggregates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for forming compacted piles of sand or like granular materials in soft ground for the purpose of stabilizing ground surface thereby causing the water content in the soft ground to be discharged out of the ground surface by way of a drain formed by the sand piles has been known as a so-called Sand Drain Method.
  • This known method has been popularly utilized in order to stabilize soft ground, but there are drawbacks such as for example it takes a rather long time to discharge the water content of the soft ground and also it requires a great deal of labor to impose a load on the ground surface and to remove the imposed load.
  • the casing pipe is filled with sand and the sand is allowed to flow down into the cavity formed within the soil at the lower portion of the casing pipe by the pulling-out process,
  • the casing pipe is again driven into the, soil in order to compact the sand which has flowed down into said cavity.
  • the casing pipe is pulled slightly upward again, and the same process is repeated until compacted short sand piles are formed consecutively up to the ground surface.
  • a hopper is provided at the upper portion, a drive machine provided at the top portion of the casing pipe, and an opening and closing cover fixed to the lower end of said casing pipe apparatus in which in place of the afore-mentioned opening and closing cover, a neck portion may be provided within the casing pipe in the neighborhood of the lower end thereof.
  • the neck portion serves to close the casing pipe by utilizing the arch action of sand at the time of driving the casing pipe.
  • the sand piles become extremely slender and also may be disrupted by the pressure of the surrounding soil or by the pressure of excess pore water.
  • It is an object of the present invention provide an improved sand pile forming apparatus capable of forming a compacted sand pile which has a preferred shape and continuity, with no disruption nor any slender portion in the middle thereof.
  • the apparatus for forming sand piles according to the present invention is provided with a sleeve pipe fitted slidably into the lower portion ofa casing pipe and with a movable neck portion which moves in association with the said sleeve pipe at a certain upper position within the pipe spaced from the lower end of the said casing pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a first embodiment of the invention in which a casing pipe and a hopper are shown in a longitudinal section;
  • FIGS. 2(a)(c) are detailed views of essential parts of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2(a) being transverse sectional view taken along line A A of FIG. 2(b);
  • FIG. 2(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of a casing pipe in the driving-in state in the neighborhood of the lower end;
  • FIG. 2(0) is a longitudinal sectional view in the neighborhood of the lower end of the casing pipe in the pulling-out state;
  • FIG. 3 is-a side view of a second embodiment of the invention, in which a casing pipe and a hopper are shown in a longitudinal section, and in which a driving source of a forcibly and vertically reciprocating mechanism is shown in a block diagram;
  • FIGS. 4(a)(b) are detailed views of essential parts of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, in which FIG. 4(a) is a longitudinal sectional view in the neighborhood of the lower end of a casing pipe in the driving-in state; and FIG. 4(b) is a longitudinal sectional view in the neighborhood of the lower end of a casing pipe in the pulling-out state;
  • FIGS. 5('I)-(IV) are illustrative views which show successively the stages in forming compacted sand piles in the soft ground by using apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a graphic representation showing the operation of a casing pipe which corresponds to that in FIG.
  • FIGS. 7 through 9 show respectively modifications of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (FIGS. 8 and 9(0) showing respectively the shape of a casing pipe in the driving-in state; and FIG. 9(b) showing the shape of a casing pipe in the pulling-out state; and
  • FIGS. and 11 show respectively modifications of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • a casing pipe 1 there is shown a casing pipe 1, and upper portion of the casing pipe 1 is provided with a hopper 2 and the top portion of said casing pipe is provided with a pile driver 3.
  • a pile driver 3 As the said pile driver 3, a vibratory pile driver is generally employed.
  • a sleeve 4 is slidably fitted at the lower end portion of the casing pipe 1.
  • several plates or upper segments 5 are radially arranged, and each base side of an upper segments is hinged to the inner wall of said casing pipe.
  • the lower segment 6 are respectively arranged in correspondence with said upper segments 5 below the latter, each upper side of said lower segments being hinged to a bottom side of an upper segment and also each lower side of a lower segment being hinged to the upper periphery of said sleeve 4.
  • the hinged segments form a collapsible structure.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a casing pipe made of steel pipe of square section but, as occasion demands, steel pipe of circular or polygonal section also can be employed. It is also possible to employ the steel pipe of circular section in the main body of the casing pipe and employ the steel pipe of square section only in the lower portion thereof. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sleeve 4 is fitted in the inner side of the casing pipe I, but as shown in FIG. 7, it is also possible to fit said sleeve in the outer side of the casing pipe 1.
  • a slit 9 is provided on the pipe wall at the lower end of the casing pipe 1, said slit serving for passing through a portion connecting the upper portion of the sleeve 4 and the lower segments 6.
  • the upper portion of the sleeve 4 is connected to a case pipe 10 for covering said slit 9.
  • the casing pipe 1 is driven into the soft ground to a required depth by actuating the vibratory pile driver 2.
  • the sleeve 4 which is in the lower end of the casing pipe 1 is moved upward due to the soil resistance and the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6 come to the V- shape turned sideways thereby to form the neck portion 7 which is automatically movable. Accordingly, the lower end of the casing pipe 1 is shut by the arch action of the soil and the casing pipe 1 is driven into the ground in the hollow state.
  • one advantage of the present invention is that said sleeve 4 can prevent the pressure of the surrounding soil and the back-flowing of said surrounding soil into the casing pipe.
  • Another advantage is that the hanging and projecting of said sleeve 4 from the lower end of the casing pipe can cover the timelag between the flowing down of the sand 12 and the upward movement of the lower end of the casing pipe 1 at the time of the pulling-out operation of the casing pipe. Accordingly, the present invention can prevent effectively the forming of unfavorable shapes of sand pile and the causing of disruptions or extremely narrow portions, as often seen in the settlement of compacted piles by use of conventional apparatus.
  • This apparatus is so constructed that a forcibly reciprocating mechanism is additionally provided inside the casing pipe 1 and by the reciprocal motion of an operating rod connected tosaid mechanism 14, the up and down movements of the sleeve 4 and the associated operation of the upper segmentsSand the lower segments 6 can be forcibly carried out.
  • element 16 is a fixing plate for connecting the end of the operating rod 15 to the sleeve 4
  • element 17 is a driving source for the forcibly reciprocating mechanism 14.
  • the apparatus can be so constructed that a plurality of forcibly reciprocating mechanisms 14 are provided on the outer side of the upper portion of the casing pipe 1, an operating rod 15 of each of said mechanisms 14 being respectively provided along the outer wall of the casing pipe, and the lower end of said operating rod being fixed to the lower side of the sleeve 4.
  • FIG. 1 it is also possible to provide the forcibly reciprocating mechanism in the outer side at the lower end portion of the casing pipe 1.
  • the apparatus shown in the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as that in the first embodiment in principle.
  • the characteristic feature of the second embodiment of the present invention consists of the following points: i.e., according to the apparatus in the first embodiment, in the case of the driving-in and pulling-out operations of the casing pipe 1 in the settlement of sand piles, the up and down movements of the sleeve 4 as well as the operation of the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6 are automatically carried out but contrary to this, the apparatus in the second embodiment of the present invention is so constructed that the above-mentioned operation of the sleeve 4 as well as the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6 are forcibly carried out by means of the operating rod 15 connected to the forcibly reciprocating mechanism 14 provided in the casing pipe 1.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention also can attain in general the expected result with a sufficiently favorable efficiency but if there is a great water content in the sand to fed into the casing pipe 1, the sand may choke the gap between the sleeve and the casing pipe or remain between the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6.
  • the up and down movements of the sleeve 4 as well as the operation of the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6 can be forcibly carried out by the mechanism 14, so that there is the advantage that an unimpeded operation of the apparatus can be effected.
  • the sand pile forming apparatus can be employed for the purpose of forming, compacted piles consisting of all kinds of powdered or granular materials, such as gravel, crushed stone, and slag or the mixture of the same and sand, or mixtures of sand and caustic lime. Further, as. occasion demands, it is also possible to use the apparatus of the invention for forming loose sand piles as in the Sand Drain Method" or settling concrete piles in the ground.
  • the present invention includes also the device, shown in FIGS. 8(a) and (b) in which the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6 are covered with a durable cylindrical sheet or liner 18 having flexibility and elasticity thereby to prevent the movable portion from being choked up with sand, or the device shown in FIGS. 9(a) and (b), in which annular elastic block 19 such as sponge made of synthetic resin is inserted into the neck portion 7 formed by the upper segments 5 and the lower segments 6 thereby to prevent the movable portion from being choked up with sand.
  • annular elastic block 19 such as sponge made of synthetic resin
  • Apparatus for forming sand piles and the like in the ground comprising a casing pipe which is generally vertically disposed and therefore has a lowermost end, a sleeve slidably disposed at' the lowermost end of said pipe and being adapted to project selectively below said end and to be in nesting relationship with said pipe, and collapsible means hinged to said pipe and to said sleeve to connect the same whereby when the pipe is partly withdrawn from the ground the sleeve can remain behind and project below said end, said collapsible means including hingedly connected sections adapted to form a relatively closed neck section when the sleeve and pipe are positioned in nesting relationship and which neck section opens up when the sleeve projects below said end upon partial withdrawal of the-pipe from the ground.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising means for driving the pipe into and withdrawing the said pipe in steps out of the ground.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising means for forcibly displacing said sleeve relative to said pipe.
  • collapsible means includes a group of upper segments hingedly connected to said pipe and a group of lower segments hingedly connected to said sleeve, the upper and lower segments being aligned and hingedly connected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US00168830A 1971-05-25 1971-08-04 Apparatus for forming sand piles Expired - Lifetime US3720063A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46035666A JPS4946968B1 (hu) 1971-05-25 1971-05-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3720063A true US3720063A (en) 1973-03-13

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US00168830A Expired - Lifetime US3720063A (en) 1971-05-25 1971-08-04 Apparatus for forming sand piles

Country Status (13)

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US (1) US3720063A (hu)
JP (1) JPS4946968B1 (hu)
BE (1) BE771754A (hu)
BR (1) BR7105418D0 (hu)
DE (1) DE2141416C3 (hu)
DK (1) DK128329B (hu)
FR (1) FR2138588B1 (hu)
GB (1) GB1322132A (hu)
HU (1) HU172359B (hu)
NL (1) NL161217C (hu)
NO (1) NO132363C (hu)
SE (1) SE392934B (hu)
SU (1) SU383324A3 (hu)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4537527A (en) * 1982-03-19 1985-08-27 Pohjavahvistus Oy Means for providing a vertical drain in soil
US6588987B1 (en) * 1998-03-30 2003-07-08 Vibroflotation B.V. Device for inserting foreign matter into the soil or for compacting the soil
US20140219726A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2014-08-07 Alexander Degen Method for ground probing
US20150322641A1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2015-11-12 Jaron Lyell Mcmillan Modified Stone Column Drill
JP2017053118A (ja) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-16 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 ケーシングパイプおよび砕石杭の施工方法
RU219142U1 (ru) * 2023-03-29 2023-06-30 Вилен Юрьевич Саркисов Стальная вытесняющая обсадная труба-лидер

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU552443B2 (en) * 1981-09-22 1986-05-29 Fudo Construction Co. Ltd. Compacting soils
DE4137541C2 (de) * 1991-11-14 1999-09-16 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Arbeitsgerät zur Herstellung von Ortbetonpfählen
DE19625277A1 (de) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-04 Wilhelm Hes Stütze für Grabenverbauvorrichtungen
DE19739920A1 (de) * 1997-09-11 1999-03-18 Wilhelm Hess Verfahren und Verbauvorrichtung für den Rohreinbau
DE19942016B4 (de) * 1999-09-03 2006-01-05 Franki Grundbau Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bodensäule aus tragfähigem körnigem Füllmaterial
CN114592531B (zh) * 2022-03-11 2023-06-13 重庆三峡学院 一种岩土边坡的锚固装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2830443A (en) * 1955-01-11 1958-04-15 Harold P Burrell Pile-driving apparatus
US3303656A (en) * 1962-12-21 1967-02-14 Richard E Landau Method and apparatus for constructing columns of material in soil
US3498066A (en) * 1967-03-12 1970-03-03 Mitsuo Nishimura Soil compacting method and a means therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2830443A (en) * 1955-01-11 1958-04-15 Harold P Burrell Pile-driving apparatus
US3303656A (en) * 1962-12-21 1967-02-14 Richard E Landau Method and apparatus for constructing columns of material in soil
US3498066A (en) * 1967-03-12 1970-03-03 Mitsuo Nishimura Soil compacting method and a means therefor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4537527A (en) * 1982-03-19 1985-08-27 Pohjavahvistus Oy Means for providing a vertical drain in soil
US6588987B1 (en) * 1998-03-30 2003-07-08 Vibroflotation B.V. Device for inserting foreign matter into the soil or for compacting the soil
US20140219726A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2014-08-07 Alexander Degen Method for ground probing
US20150322641A1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2015-11-12 Jaron Lyell Mcmillan Modified Stone Column Drill
US9365997B2 (en) * 2012-12-10 2016-06-14 Jaron Lyell Mcmillan Modified stone column drill
JP2017053118A (ja) * 2015-09-08 2017-03-16 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 ケーシングパイプおよび砕石杭の施工方法
RU219142U1 (ru) * 2023-03-29 2023-06-30 Вилен Юрьевич Саркисов Стальная вытесняющая обсадная труба-лидер

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2138588B1 (hu) 1973-05-25
NL161217C (nl) 1980-01-15
BR7105418D0 (pt) 1973-04-19
FR2138588A1 (hu) 1973-01-05
NL7110790A (hu) 1972-11-28
SE392934B (sv) 1977-04-25
GB1322132A (en) 1973-07-04
HU172359B (hu) 1978-08-28
NO132363C (hu) 1975-10-29
SU383324A3 (hu) 1973-05-25
NL161217B (nl) 1979-08-15
DK128329B (da) 1974-04-08
AU3211071A (en) 1973-02-08
DE2141416A1 (de) 1972-12-14
JPS4946968B1 (hu) 1974-12-13
NO132363B (hu) 1975-07-21
DE2141416C3 (de) 1974-02-07
DE2141416B2 (de) 1973-07-19
BE771754A (fr) 1971-12-31

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