US3715902A - Method and apparatus for operating on a blank of material,e.g.,deep drawing - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for operating on a blank of material,e.g.,deep drawing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3715902A
US3715902A US00114198A US3715902DA US3715902A US 3715902 A US3715902 A US 3715902A US 00114198 A US00114198 A US 00114198A US 3715902D A US3715902D A US 3715902DA US 3715902 A US3715902 A US 3715902A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
blank
station
face
flow
viscous fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00114198A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Francis Joseph Fuchs Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Western Electric Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3715902A publication Critical patent/US3715902A/en
Assigned to AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC., reassignment AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE JAN. 3,1984 Assignors: WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing

Definitions

  • the viscous fluid can be applied to inwardly extrude the blank uniformly or non-uniformly.
  • pressurized viscous fluid pumped by annular pistons, flows in contact with both faces of a blank inwardly from the periphery thereof, thereby to pressurize the blank and exert viscous drag force on both surfacesof the blank to extrude the peripheral portion of the blank inwardly.
  • This invention relates, broadly speaking, to method and apparatus for moving material in a blank toward a station on a face of the blank.
  • This invention relates, in a particular sense, to method and apparatus for deep drawing a blank of material. More specifically, this invention relates to method and apparatus for deep drawing a blank of material, particularly solid plastic material, which increases in ductility under high hydrostatic pressure, wherein the peripheral portion of the blank is fed radially inwardly by a highly pressurized flow of viscous fluid exerting viscous drag on the surface of the blank.
  • Prior art methods of deep drawing typically include several successive drawing operations which generally require intermediate annealing operations to remove the unwanted effects of work hardening. Further, such prior art deep drawing methods typically require the employment of a different die set for each drawing operation. These prior art deep drawing methods are time consuming and expensive when utilized to deep draw ductile material, and are even more expensive and time consuming when utilized to draw the less ductile or brittle materials.
  • the material is stretch drawn, and, as is well-known, stretch-drawing can result in unwanted, uneven, and even ruinous, thinning of the walls of the deep drawn material.
  • a most significant measurement of the effectiveness of any method of deep drawing is the ratio of the diameter of the blank of material to be drawn to the diameter of the deep drawn shell produced in a single draw.
  • a ratio of 2:1 is considered quite good for a single draw.
  • such a ratio is quite limited when the depth of the various shell structures in present commercial usage is considered.
  • the typical prior art method of deep drawing in a single deep draw is not available in the production of many shell, tubular, or shell-like structures which are much in demand.
  • the present invention is directed broadly to method and apparatus for operating on a blank of material, specifically to apparatus and method for moving material in a blank toward a station on the blank (e.g., to thicken the blank at said station, or to force material gathered at said station into a die), and particularly to a further improved solution to the deficiencies in prior art methods and apparatus for deep drawing.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide improved method and apparatus for moving material in a blank toward a station on the face of the blank.
  • Another of the objects of the present invention is to provide improved method and apparatus for deep drawing.
  • Yet another of the objects of the present invention is to provide improved method and apparatus for deep drawing solid plastic materials which increase in duetility under high hydrostatic pressure.
  • FIG. 6 represents a partial vertical medial section of another form of apparatus embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 represents a transverse section taken along the line 77 of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 represents a chart showing pressure relationships in the viscous fluid at various radial positions in the apparatus of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 9 represents a view in plan of apparatus for nonuniform drawing of material
  • FIG. 10 represents a view in elevation of a representative article produced by the apparatus of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 represents a partial vertical medial section of yet another modification
  • FIG. 12 represents a section taken along the line 12-12 of FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 represents a fragmentary partial vertical medial section of a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 14 represents a fragmentary partial vertical medial section of a further modification of the embodiment of FIG. 11.
  • annular housing 1 is positioned in surrounding concentric relationship to annular housing 2, and that both annular housings l and 2 are secured by suitable means, such as welding, to end plate 3.
  • Inner wall 4 of housing 1 and outer wall 5 of housing 2 are circularly cylindrical and define therebetween annular exterior chamber 6.
  • Housing 2 surrounds an inner tubular member 7 which is circularly cylindrical and which defines a central bore 8.
  • Inner wall 9 of housing 2 is circularly cylindrical and defines with tubular member 7 a circularly cylindrical annular interior chamber 10. It will be noted, particularly and for reasons which will hereinafter appear, that the tops of annular housing 1 and tubular member 7 lie in a plane which is spaced above the plane of the top of annular housing 2.
  • An annular driving piston 11 is closely slidably fitted within annular exterior chamber 6 and is adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical direction within said annular exterior chamber 6.
  • a plurality of piston rods 12 is uniformly spaced around the annular driving piston 11, the upper ends of said piston rods 12 being suitably secured to said annular driving piston 11.
  • Piston rods 12 closely slidably extend through openings 13 in end plate 3, and the lower ends of piston rods 12 are suitably secured to plate 14.
  • Plate 14 in turn is secured to piston 15 of hydraulic cylinder 16 operated by fluid lines 17 and 18 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • end plate 3 is fixedly supported by a stationary foundation (not shown).
  • An annular piston 19 is closely slidably fitted within annular interior chamber 10 and is adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical direction within said annular interior chamber 10.
  • a plurality of piston rods 20 is uniformly spaced around the annular piston 19, the upper ends of said piston rods 20 being suitably secured to said annular piston 19.
  • Piston rods 20 closely slidably extend through openings 21 in end plate 3.
  • the lower ends of piston rods 20 are suitably secured to plate 22.
  • Plate 22 is in turn secured to piston 23 of forcing annular piston 19 upwardly within annular in terior chamber 10.
  • piston 23 and piston rods 20 will be forced downwardly, thereby lowering annular piston 19 downwardly within annular interior chamber 10.
  • Ram 28 is closely slidably fitted within central bore 8 and is adapted to be reciprocated within said central bore 8 between a position below the top of inner wall 7 and a position far enough above the top of inner wall 7 to perform the desired drawing operation as hereinafter described.
  • the length of ram 28 is sufficient to permit the ram 28 to be extended upwardly sufficient to perform the desired drawing operation as hereinafter described without the bottom of ram 28 rising above the top of tubular member 7.
  • Piston rod 29 is secured to ram 28 and closely slidably extends through opening 30 in end plate 3, through central aperture 31 in plate 22, and through central aperture 32 in piston 23. Piston rod 29 is connected to piston 33 in hydraulic cylinder 34 operated by fluid lines 35 and 36 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 16, 24 and 34 are preferably constructed as sections or stages of a single housing 37 with transversely disposed dividing plates 38 mounted within the said housing 37 to define the said hydraulic cylinders 16, 24 and 34. Housing 37 is fixedly supported by a stationary foundation (not shown).
  • End plate 3 is suitably secured to foundation plate 39 provided with opening 40 through which extend piston rods 12, 20 and 29 as shown.
  • Columns 41 spaced around opening 40, are secured to foundation plate 39 and extend upwardly therefrom.
  • Plate 42 secured to the upper ends of columns 41, is provided with an opening 43.
  • Ring member 44 provided with inwardly extending upper lip and lower lip 46, is secured to plate 42 within the said opening 43.
  • Die member 47 positioned within ring member 44, has an outwardly extending peripheral lip 48 which projects between upper and lower lips 45 and 46 of ring member 44. Lips 45 and 46 extend inwardly to closely slidably contact the peripheral surface of die member 47. Lip 48 extends outwardly to closely slidably contact the inner peripheral surface of ring member 44. It will be seen that an expandible and contractable upper chamber 49 is defined above lip 48 and an expandible and contractable lower chamber 50 is defined below lip 48. Fluid supply lines 51 and 52 communicate with said upper and lower chambers, respectively.
  • die member 47 when fluid supply lines 51 and 52 are connected to the discharge and intake ports, respectively, of a pump (not shown), die member 47 will be forced downwardly, and, conversely, when fluid supply lines 51 and 52 are connected to the intake and discharge ports, respectively, of a pump (not shown), die member 47 will be raised.
  • Die member 47 has a central die opening 53 registering with ram 28 and through which a blank of material is drawn as hereinafter described.
  • Die member 47 is provided with a circularly cylindrical recess 54 exteriorly bounded by a sharply formed downwardly extending circular lip 55 and interiorly by a flared lip 56.
  • Annular housing 1 is provided with a sharply formed upwardly extending circular lip 57 which is adapted to closely fit within recess 54 and to cooperate with lip 55 to form a circular punch or shear.
  • the vertical distance between facing surfaces of lips 45 and 46 is sufficient to permit vertical displacement of die member 47 in the manner aforesaid, between a lower position in which the bottom of lip 55 is below the top of lip 57 and an upper position in which the bottom of lip 55 is above the top of tubular member 7 sufficiently to permit the insertion of a strip of material.
  • the roof of recess 54 is provided with a lining of lowfriction material 58 such as Teflon, interposed between lips 55 and 56, the bottom surface of said low-friction material 58 preferably being coplanar with the bottom edge oflip S6.
  • lowfriction material 58 such as Teflon
  • the upper surface of die member 47 is provided, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, with a plurality of spring loaded catches 59 spaced uniformly around die opening 53 and adapted to engage the surface of a drawn article and prevent the drawn article from being pulled back into the die opening 53 when ram 28 is lowered.
  • Catches 59 have ratchet or detent portions 60 resiliently urged toward the center of die opening 53 and adapted to extend within the perimeter of said die opening 53.
  • Fluid pump 61 is adapted to force viscous fluid 62 from supply tank 62a through check valve 63 and opening 64 in annular housing 1 into annular exterior chamber 6, for a purpose to be described hereinafter.
  • a plurality of openings 65 uniformly spaced around tubular member 7 is provided through the upper wall of annular housing 2.
  • Each opening 65 is provided with a check valve 66, as indicated diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 and 2, adapted to permit the passage of viscous fluid 62 only from annular exterior chamber 6 to annular interior chamber 10.
  • a plurality of uniformly spaced openings 67 is provided through the upper end of the side wall of annular housing 2.
  • Each opening 67 is provided with a check valve 68, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 1, adapted to permit the passage of viscous fluid 62 only from annular interior chamber to annular exterior chamber 6.
  • check valves 66 and 68 are so arranged that viscous fluid 62 upon operation of annular pistons 11 and 19, as hereinafter described, will be caused to flow radially inwardly under pressure in the space 69 lying between the plane of the top of the upper wall of annular housing 2 and the plane of the top of lip 57 and tubular member 7.
  • Openings 67 and 64 are preferably located above the highest position of annular pistons 11 and 19.
  • seals 70 are employed on the several pistons and elsewhere as is known in the art.
  • Annular chamber 10 is filled completely with viscous fluid 62.
  • Annular chamber 6 is filled with viscous fluid 62 up to the level of the plane of the top of tubular member 7 and lip 57. Conveniently, this may be done by removing plugs 71 in the top wall of annular housing 2, filling chamber 10 with viscous fluid 62 through openings in the top wall of annular housing 2 adapted to receive said plugs 71, by replacing said plugs 71 in said openings, and by starting pump 61 to pump viscous fluid 62 into chamber 6 to the hereinabove mentioned level.
  • Viscous fluid 62 may advantageously be a silicone putty, which is fairly thick, in which event check valves 66, 68, 63 and pump 61 are suitably designed to handle such fluid.
  • Such material may advantageously be a solid plastic material, metallic or non-metallic, which term is understood by those skilled in the art as describing a material which increases in ductility, or exhibits an increased capacity for deformation without fracture, when subjected to high hydrostatic pressure, as described in Large Plastic Flow and Fracture, P. W. Bridgman (McGraw-Hill) New York 1952.
  • solid plastic material when employed in the specification and claims, is intended to refer to the material described in the immediately preceding sentence.
  • Die member 47 is now forcibly lowered to its bottommost position, whereupon lip 55 of die member 47 and lip 57 of annular housing 1 cooperate to shear or punch a circular blank 73 of material from sheet or strip 72, the said blank 73 bearing upwardly against low friction lining 58, the said lips 55 and 57 overlapping vertically as shown in FIG. 1.
  • Hydraulic cylinder 16 is operated to raise annular driving piston 11 to the position shown in phantom and simultaneously hydraulic cylinder 24 is operated to lower annular piston 19 to the position shown in phantom, the rate of decrease in volume in chamber 6 resulting from the elevation of annular driving piston 11 equaling the rate of increase in volume in chamber 10 resulting from the lowering of annular piston 19.
  • viscous fluid 62 in chamber 6 is highly pressurized and caused to flow through space 69 radially inwardly toward tubular member 7, and thence through check valves 66 into chamber 10.
  • Pressurized viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly of the apparatus along the lower surface of blank 73, forces the upper surface of blank 73 against the low friction lining 58 and highly pressurizes the said blank 73, and, where the material is a solid plastic material as hereinbefore defined, the ductility of the blank 73 is thereby increased.
  • viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly of the apparatus, exerts a radially inwardly directed viscous drag force along the lower surface of blank 73.
  • the pressurized viscous fluid 62 acting directly on the peripheral edge of blank 73 will further assist in the inward extrusion or drawing of blank 73.
  • hydraulic cylinder 34 is operated thereby to advance or raise ram 28 toward die opening 53.
  • Ram 28 will engage blank 73 at a station thereon, viz., the central portion of blank 73 and will force the same through die opening 53.
  • Ratchets or detents 60 will engage the surface of the drawn shell 74 to hold the said shell 74 while ram 28 is withdrawn, whereupon ratchets or detents 60 may be retracted and the finished shell 74 removed from the apparatus.
  • Suitable trimming apparatus (not shown) may be mounted above die opening 53, in addition to or in place of detents 60, to trim the lower edge of shell 74 as desired.
  • the apparatus is proportioned so that only one upward stroke of annular driving piston 11 is sufficient to completely inwardly extrude blank 73 to form the finished shell 74.
  • annular driving piston 11 may be lowered to the full-line position shown and annular piston 19 may be elevated to the full-line position shown, the rate of decrease of volume within annular chamber 10 resulting from the elevation of annular piston 19 equaling the rate of increase of volume within annular chamber 6 resulting from the lowering of annular driving piston 11.
  • viscous fluid 62 is passed from annular chamber 10 through check valves 68 to annular chamber 6.
  • annular driving piston l I may be raised and annular piston 19 lowered, as first described above, to further radially inwardly extrude blank 73, it being understood that ram 28 is raised to draw blank 73 only when annular driving piston 11 is raised to force viscous fluid 62 through space 69 as hereinbefore described.
  • ram 28 is lowered below the top of tubular member 7, and die member 47 is elevated so that lips 55 and 57 clear each other.
  • Another portion of strip or sheet 72 may be positioned over lip 57 and the top of tubular member 7 and the operation repeated.
  • additional viscous fluid 62 may be added in an appropriate manner to chambers 6 and 10 to fill them to the desired level (viz., to the plane of the top of annular housing I and tubular member 7).
  • An electrically insulating disc 75 is mounted to the top of annular housing 2.
  • Disc 75 has a central aperture 76 which receives tubular member 7.
  • Heating disc 77 has a central aperture 78 which receives tubular member 7. It will be seen that heating disc 77 is electrically insulated from annular housing 2 and structure contiguous thereto except at the area of contact between the inner faceof aperture 78 and the perimeter of tubular member 7. A plurality of apertures 79 is provided through end plate 3, annular housing 2 and insulating disc 75, said apertures being spaced uniformly around and under the peripheral portionof heating disc 77. Electrical conductors 80, electrically connected to the peripheral portion of heating disc 77 extend through apertures 79 and are electrically connected to main 81 which, in turn, is connected one side of a source 82 of electricity. An electrical connector 83 extends between the other side of the source 82 of electricity and a convenient portion of the structure'which may, for example, be end plate 3.
  • heating disc 77 is connected across the source 82 of electricity, and that electrical current will accordingly flow between the peripheral and central portions of heating disc 77 thereby to elevate the temperature thereof as desired.
  • annular driving piston 11 With annular driving piston 11 elevated at any particular velocity, thereby to pressurize viscous fluid 62 to a particular level corresponding to said velocity, the total viscous drag force generated by the viscous fluid 62 along the lower surface of blank 73 and the upper surface of heating disc 77 will be essentially constant, a certain proportion of the viscous drag force being exerted along the lower surface of blank 73 and the balance of said viscous drag force being exerted along the upper surface of heating disc 77.
  • an electrical current is passed through heating disc 77 through the hereinbefore described circuitry, the temperature of disc 77 is raised, thereby raising the temperature of, and thus reducing the viscosity of, that portion of viscous fluid 62 flowing adjacent the upper surface of heating disc 7 7.
  • Suitable apertures 84 and 85 are provided through discs and 77, providing access to plugs 71 and communication with openings 65.
  • Apparatus for obtaining the result described in the preceding paragraph comprises annular housing 86 positioned in surrounding concentric relationship to annular housing 87 and tubular housing 88. Housings 86, 87 and 88 are secured by suitable means, such as welding, to an end plate similar to end plate 3 of FIG. 1. The spaces between housings 86, 87 and 88 are circularly cylindrical, annular exterior chamber 89 being defined by housings 86 and 87, and annular interior chamber 90 being defined by housings 87 and 88. Housing 88 also defines a central bore 91.
  • An annular piston 92 is closely slidably fitted within annular exterior chamber 89 and is adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical direction within said annular exterior chamber 89.
  • a plurality of piston rods 93 is uniformly spaced around the annular piston 92, the upper ends of said piston rods 93 being suitably secured to said annular piston 92.
  • An annular driving piston 94 is closely slidably fitted within annular interior chamber 90, and is adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical direction within said annular interior chamber 90.
  • a plurality of piston rods 95 is uniformly spaced around the annular driving piston 94, the upper ends of said piston rods 95 being suitably secured to said annular driving piston 94.
  • Ram 96 is closely slidably fitted within central bore 91 and is provided with piston rod 97.
  • Piston rods 93, 95 and 97 are operatively connected to hydraulic cylinders in the same manner as the operative connection of piston rods 12, and 29 to hydraulic cylinders 16, 24 and 34, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Annular pistons 92 and 94 are raised and lowered within their respective chambers 89 and 90, and ram 96 is raised and lowered, by operation of the hydraulic cylinders respectively operatively connected through piston rods 93, 95 and 97, to the said annular pistons 92 and 94 and ram 96.
  • Die member 47 cooperates with the structure hereinabove described, and is adapted to be reciprocated vertically as hereinbefore described. Specifically, lip 55 of die member 47 cooperates with sharply formed upwardly extending circular lip 98 on annular housing 86 to form a circular punch or shear.
  • a plurality of uniformly radially spaced openings 99 is provided through the upper end of housing 87 preferably located above the highest position of annular pistons 92 and 94.
  • Each opening 99 is provided with a check valve 100, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 6, adapted to permit the passage of viscous fluid 62 only from annular exterior chamber 89 to annular interior chamber 90.
  • Annular plate 106 formed with upwardly extending annular projection 107, is suitably mounted on plate 101 between annular rings 103 and 104. It will be seen from an examination of FIG. 6, that the tops of lip 98, rings 103 and 104, and projection 107 lie in a common plane.
  • annular plate 106 The upper surface of annular plate 106 is divided by projection 107 into an inner chamber 108 lying between projection 107 and annular ring 104 and an outer chamber 109 lying between annular ring 103 and projection 107.
  • Projection 107 registers with housing 87.
  • a plurality of radially spaced apertures 114 is formed vertically through plate 106 adjacent the outer periphery of ring 104.
  • a plurality of radially spaced apertures 115 is formed vertically through plate 106 adjacent the inner periphery of ring 103.
  • a plurality of radially spaced passages 116 is formed in plate 106 radially thereof, as best shown in FIG. 7, each passage 116 communicating at its inner end with one of apertures 114 and at its outer end with one of apertures 115.
  • inner chamber 108 is in communication at a plurality of points radially spaced adjacent the outer periphery of ring 104, through passages 116, with outer chamber 109 at a plurality of points radially spaced adjacent the inner periphery of ring 103.
  • Each opening 113 is provided with a check valve 117, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 6, adapted to permit the passage of viscous fluid 62 only from outer chamber 109 to annular exterior chamber 89.
  • check valves 100 and 117 are so arranged that viscous fluid 62 upon operation of annular pistons 92 and 94, as hereinafter described, will be caused to flow from annular interior chamber 90 radially inwardly under pressure in inner chamber 108 (viz., from the outer peripheral portion of inner chamber 108 adjacent the inner periphery of projection 107 toward the inner peripheral portion of inner chamber 108 adjacent the outer periphery of ring 104), thence through passages 116 radially outwardly to outer chamber 109, thence radially inwardly under lower pressure (because of pressure drop) in outer chamber 109 viz., from the outer peripheral portion of outer chamber 109 adjacent the inner periphery of ring 103 toward the inner peripheral portion of outer chamber 109 adjacent the outer periphery of projection 107), and thence to annular exterior chamber 89.
  • fluid pump 61 is connected through check valve 63 to opening 64 in housing 86 communicating with annular exterior chamber 89 for the introduction of viscous fluid 62 thereto from supply tank 62a.
  • Venting means required in the filling operation are provided by openings 118 through plates 101 and 106, which shown in FIGS. 6- and 7 is generally similar to the operation previously described for the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • annular chambers 89 and 90 are filled completely with viscous fluid 62, and inner and outer chambers 108 and 109 are also filled with viscous fluid 62 up to the level of the tops of rings 103 and 104 and projection 107..
  • Annular driving piston 94 has until this point been at its lowermost position, and annular piston 92'at its uppermost position.
  • the hydraulic cylinders operatively associated with annular pistons 94 and 92 are now actuated to raise annular driving piston 94 and simultaneously to lower annular piston 92, the rate of decrease in volume in annular chamber 90 equaling the rate of increase in volume in annular chamber 89.
  • viscous fluid 62 in the hereinbefore described chambers is highly pressurized and caused to flow radially inwardly in inner chamber 108 and thence radially inwardly in outer chamber 109.
  • Viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly in inner chamber 108 against the lower surface of blank 73, forces the upper surface of blank 73 against the low friction lining 58 and highly pressurizes the said blank 73 and where the material is a solid plastic material as hereinbefore defined, the ductility of the blank 73 is thereby increased.
  • viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly in inner chamber 108 exerts a radially inwardly directed viscous drag force along the lower surface of blank 73.
  • Viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly in outer chamber 109, likewise highly pressurizes the said blank 73 (but to a lesser degree because of pressure drop in the viscous fluid 62) and exerts a radially inwardly directed viscous drag force along the lower surface of blank 73.
  • ram 96 is advanced toward die opening 53 in die member 47, thereby to draw blank 73 in the said die opening 53.
  • FIG. 8 An idealized plot of pressure as a function of radial distance is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the solid lines represent the pressure in viscous fluid 62 when in contact with blank 7'3.
  • the dashed line represents the pressure in viscous fluid 62 when flowing through passages 116 from the inner peripheral portion of inner chamber 108 to the outer peripheral portion of outer chamber 109.
  • FIG. 8 is vertically superposed over FIG. 6 so that zero on the X-axis registers with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus.
  • each solid line is taken as the average fluid pressure in each of chambers 108 and 109, and if such centers are joined by a line as shown in phantom so as to indicate relative average fluid pressures in the chambers 108 and 109, it will be seen that the average fluid pressure in the viscous fluid 62 moving radially inwardly of the apparatus while contacting and exerting viscous drag force on blank 73 increases in such direction of movement.
  • the preferred configuration of die opening 53 is cylindrical, and the material in blank 73 has been drawn uniformly radially inwardly into the said die opening 53 to produce circularly cylindrical shell 74.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 fluid inlet apertures 120 and fluid outlet apertures 121 are provided within a chamber 122 of apparatus indicated generally as 123. It will be understood that apparatus 123 may otherwise generally conform to the apparatus shown in FIG.
  • the ram 124 having an inclined upper force draws the material as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the non-uniform path of the viscous fluid permits more of the material to be inwardly extruded toward the deeper end of the drawn portion 126 of the finished article 127
  • flows of viscous fluid 62 are applied along both faces of blank' 73.
  • annular housing 1 be provided with sharply formed upwardly extending circular lip 128 about its outer perimeter as shown.
  • Die member 129 positioned within ring member 44, has an outwardly extending peripheral lip 48 cooperating with upper and lower lips 45 and 46 of ring member 44 in the manner described for the embodiment of FIG. 1, so that, upon suitably connecting fluid supply lines 51 and 52 to the discharge and intake ports, respectively, of a pump (not shown), die member 129 will be forced downwardly or upwardly, as desired.
  • Die member 129 essentially duplicates the structure shown below strip 72, as will be apparent from an inspection of FIG. 11.
  • die member 129 comprises annular housing 130 positioned in surrounding concentric relationship to annular housing 131, the latter being secured by suitable means, such as welding, to transverse element 132.
  • Inner wall 133 of housing 130 and outer wall 134 of housing 131 are circularly cylindrical and define therebetween annular exterior chamber 135.
  • Housing 131 surrounds an inner tubular member 136 which is circularly cylindrical and which defines a central die opening 137.
  • Inner wall 138 of housing 131 is circularly cylindrical and defines with tubular member 136 a circularly cylindrical annular interior chamber 139. It will be noted, particularly and for reasons which will hereinafter appear, that the bottoms of annular housing 130 and tubular member 136 lie in a plane which is spaced below the plane of the bottom of annular housing 131.
  • An annular driving piston 140 is closely slidably fitted within annular exterior chamber 135 and is adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical direction within said annular exterior chamber 135.
  • Four piston rods 141 are uniformly spaced around the annular driving piston 140, the lower ends of said piston rods 141 being suitably secured to said annular driving piston 140.
  • Piston rods 141 closely slidably extend through openings 142 in transverse element 132, and the upper ends of piston rods 141 are suitably secured to plate 143.
  • Plate 143 is secured to piston 144 of hydraulic cylinder 145 operated by fluid lines 146 and 147 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 1.
  • An annular piston 148 is closely slidably fitted within annular interior chamber 139 and is adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical direction within said annular interior chamber 139.
  • Four piston rods 149 are uniformly spaced around the annular piston 148, the lower ends of said piston rods being suitably secured to said annular piston 148.
  • Piston rods 149 closely slidably extend through openings 150 in transverse element 132.
  • the upper ends of piston rods 149 are suitably secured to plate 151.
  • Plate 151 is in turn secured to piston 152 of hydraulic cylinder 153 operated by fluid lines 154 and 155 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 11.
  • Piston 152' closely slidably extends through central aperture 156 in piston 144.
  • piston 152 and piston rods 149 will be forced downwardly, thereby forcing annular piston 148 downwardly within annular interior chamber 139.
  • piston 152 and piston rods 149 will be forced upwardly, thereby raising annular piston 148 upwardly within annular interior chamber 139.
  • Central die opening 137 within tubular member 136 is sufficient to accommodate finished shell 74 being advanced upwardly therethrough by ram 28, as shown in phantom in FIG. 11.
  • ram 28 is of length sufficient to permit the said ram 28 to be extended upwardly to perform the desired drawing operation as hereinafter described without the bottom of ram 28 rising above the top of tubular member 7.
  • ram 28 is long enough to permit the top thereof to project above transverse element 132 to the underside of the head of topmost shell 74 shown in phantom in FIG. 11 while the bottom of ram 28 is below the top of tubular member 7.
  • Hydraulic-cylinders 145 and 153 are preferably constructed as sections or stages of a single housing 157 with transversely disposed dividing plate 158 mounted within the said housing 157 'to define the said hydraulic cylinders 145 and 153.
  • Housing 157 is fixedly supported on die member 129 by suitable means (not shown).
  • Die member 129 is provided with a sharply form-ed downwardly extending lip 159 adapted to cooperate with lip 128 to form a circular punch or shear.
  • the vertical distance between joining surfaces of lips 45 and 46 is sufficient to permit vertical displacement of die member 129, in the manner aforesaid, between a lower position in which the bottom of lip 159 is below the top of lip 128 and an upper position in which the bottom of lip 159 is above the top of lip 128 and tubular member 7 sufficiently to permit the insertion of a strip of material.
  • transverse element 132 The upper surface of transverse element 132 is provided, as shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 11 and 12, with a pair of spring loaded catches 59 adapted to engage the surface of shell 74 and prevent shell 74 from being pulled back into the die opening 137 when ram 28 is lowered.
  • Catches 59 have ratchet or detent portions 60 resiliently urged toward the center of die opening 137 and adapted to extend within the perimeter of said die opening 137.
  • Fluid pump 160 is adapted to force viscous fluid 62 from supply tank 62b through check valve 161 and opening 162 in annular housing 130 into annular exterior chamber 135, for a purpose to be described hereinafter.
  • a plurality of openings 163 uniformly spaced around tubular member 136 is provided throughthe lower wall of annular housing 134.
  • Each opening 163 is provided with a check valve 164, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 11, adapted to permit the passage of viscous fluid 62 only from annular exterior chamber 135 to annular interior chamber 139.
  • a plurality of uniformly spaced openings 165 is provided through the lower end of the side wall of annular housing 131.
  • Each opening 165 is provided with a check valve 166, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 11, adapted to permit the passage of viscous fluid 62 only from annular interior chamber 139 to annular exterior chamber 135.
  • check valves 164 and 166 are so arranged that viscous fluid, upon operation of annular pistons 140 and 148 as hereinafter described, will be caused to flow radially inwardly under pressure in the space 167 lying between the plane of the bottom of the lower wall of annular housing 131 and the plane of the bottom of tubular member 136.v
  • Openings 163 and 165 are preferably located below the lowest position of annular pistons 140 and 148.
  • Check valves 161, 164 and 166, and pump 160 are suitably designed to handle viscous fluid 62 which may, as hereinbefore mentioned, advantageously be a silicone putty.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 145 and 153 are operated to elevate annular piston 148 to its uppermost position (as shown in phantom in FIG. 11) and to lower annular piston 140 to its lowermost position (as shown in phantom in FIG. 11).
  • Annular interior chamber 139 is now filled with viscous fluid .62 through a suitable opening (not shown), suitable venting means (likewise not shown) being provided in the upper portion of annular interior chamber 139.
  • Die member 129 is now forcibly lowered to its bottommost position whereupon lip 159 of die member 129 and lip 128 of annular housing 1 cooperate to shear or punch a circular blank 73 of material from sheet or strip 72, the bottom edge of tubular member 136 engaging the upper surface of blank 73, and lips 128 and 159 overlapping as shown.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 145 and 153 are now operated to elevate annular piston 140 to its uppermost position (as shown in solid lines in FIG. 11) and to lower annular piston 148 to its lowermost position (as shown in solid lines in FIG. 11), whereupon the major portion of viscous fluid 62 in annular interior chamber 139 enters annular exterior chamber 135 and thence space 167 through openings 165 and check valves 166.
  • Pump 160 is then operated to complete the filling of annular exterior chamber with viscous fluid 62, suitable venting means (not shown) being provided in the upper portion of annular exterior chamber 135.
  • Annular driving pistons 11 and are respectively raised and lowered, simultaneously and at the same rate, and, simultaneously, annular pistons 19 and 148 are respectively lowered and raised, simultaneously and at the same rate, the rate of decrease in volume in chambers 6 and 135 resulting from the respective raising and lowering of annular driving pistons 11 and 140 equaling the rate of increase in volume, respectively, of chambers 10 and 139 resulting from the respective lowering and raising of annular pistons 19 and 148.
  • viscous fluid 62 in chambers 6 and 135 is highly pressurized and caused to flow through space 69 below blank 73 and space 167 above blank 73 radially inwardly of said blank 73 towards tubular members 7 and 136, viscous fluid 62 in space 69 then flowing through check valves 66 into chamber 10 and viscous fluid in space 167 then flowing through check valves 164 into chamber 139.
  • Pressurized viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly of the apparatus along the upper and lower surfaces of blank 73 highly pressurizes the blank 73, and, where the material is a-solid plastic material as h ereinbefore defined, the ductility of the blank is thereby increased.
  • viscous fluid 62 in flowing radially inwardly of the apparatus, exerts radially inwardly directed viscous drag force along the upper and lower surfaces of blank 73, thereby drawing or extruding blank 73 radially inwardly.
  • viscous fluid 62 acting directly on the peripheral edge of blank 73 will further assist in the inward extrusion or drawing of blank 73.
  • ram 28 is advanced or raised toward die opening 137.
  • Ram 28 will engage blank 73 at a station thereon, viz., the central portion of blank 73 and will force the same up through die opening 137.
  • the peripheral edge of blank 73 is about to clear the space between the upper end of tubular members 7 and 136, the upward and downward movements, respectively, of annular driving pistons 11 and 140 are stopped, thereby to avoid driving viscous fluid 62 into die opening 137.
  • the upward movement of ram 28 is continued until shell 74 emerges from the top of die opening 137 (as shown in phantom in FIG. 11).
  • .Ratchets or detents 60 engage the surface of the drawn shell 74 to hold the said shell 74 whereupon ram 28 is withdrawn from shell 74 and lowered to a position below the top of tubular member 7.
  • Ratchets or detents 60 may be retracted, and the finished shell 74 removed from the apparatus between piston rod 149 in the general direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 12.
  • finished shell 74, while engaged by ratchets or detents 60 can be forced out from such engagement by a force directed along the arrow indicated in FIG. 12.
  • annular driving pistons 11 and 140 may be lowered and raised, respectively, and annular pistons 19 and 148 may be simultaneously raised and lowered, respectively, the rate of decrease of volume within chambers and 139 resulting from the respective raising and lowering of annular pistons 19 and 148 equaling the rate of increase of volume within annular chambers 6 and 135 resulting from the respective lowering and raising of annular pistons 11 and 140.
  • viscous fluid 62 is passed from annular chamber 10 through check valves 68 to annular chamber 6 and from annular chamber 139 through check valves 166 to annular chamber 135.
  • annular driving pistons 11 and 140 may be raised and lowered respectively, and annular pistons 19 and 148 simultaneously lowered and raised, respectively, as first described above, to further radially inwardly extrude blank 73, it being understood that ram 28 is raised to draw blank 73 only when viscous fluid 62 is forced through spaces 69 and 167 as hereinbefore described.
  • die member 129 is elevated so that lips 128 and 159 clear each other.
  • some of the viscous fluid 62 may run out of chamber 135 during this operation, and any such losses are readily subsequently made up by means of pump 160.
  • very stiff viscous fluid 62 such as silicone putty, virtually none will be lost during this operation.
  • Forceful upward movement of die member 129 will cause the merged bodies of viscous fluid 62 within joined spaces 69 and 167 to shear therewithin; by providing constriction 168 at the bottom of chamber 135 as shown in FIG. 11, the merged bodies of viscous fluid 62 will always separate at such minimum area location.
  • strip or sheet 72 may be positioned over housing 1, and the operation, commencing with the lowering of die member 129 repeated.
  • Pump 160 is operated to supply any required makeup of viscous fluid 62 to chamber 135.
  • An excess of viscous fluid 62 may accumulate in chamber 10 below blank 73, caused by the heretofore merged bodies of viscous fluid 62 separating above the normal level of blank 73 viz., at the level of constriction 168). That volume of viscous fluid lying between the level of constriction 168 and the normal level of blank 73 must be vented from chamber 10 when die member 129 is lowered so as to punch blank 73 from strip 72 and force blank 73 to its normal level as shown in FIG. 11. Suitable means for venting are well known.
  • One such means may employ valve 169 in the line between check valve 63 and opening 64, which valve 169 is opened only during this stage of operation (viz., when die member 129 is lowered).
  • Heating elements similar to, and for the same purpose as, that illustrated in the modification of FIGS. 4 and 5 may likewise be employed in a modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, as shown in FIG. 13. That portion of the apparatus shown below blank 73 in FIG. 13 corresponds with that portion of apparatus shown below blank 73 in FIG. 4.
  • Apparatus elements identified by prime numerals above blank 73in FIG. 13 correspond respectively with and are operated in the same manner and for the same purpose as, apparatus elements identified by unprimed numerals below blank 73 in FIG. 13.
  • the operation and purpose of heating element 77 have already been fully described in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 The plural staging of fluid circuitry shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, whereby average fluid pressure in viscous fluid 62 is caused to increase inwardly, may likewise be employed in a modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, as shown in FIG. 14. That portion of the apparatus shown below blank 73 in FIG. 14 corresponds with that portion of apparatus shown below blank 73 in FIG. 6. Apparatus elements identified by primed numerals above blank 73 in FIG. 14 correspond respectively with, and are operated in the same manner and for the same purpose as, apparatus elements identified by unprimed numerals below blank 73 in FIG. 13. The principle of operation has been adequately described in connection with FIGS. 6and 7.
  • FIGS. 11 and 14 may be employed to draw material into a die opening in a nonuniform manner according to FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • Method of moving material in a blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, toward a station on the first face of said blank, said method comprising:
  • step (b) simultaneously with step (a), applying supporting force normal to the second face of said blank while permitting said second face to move freely in the plane of said second face.
  • said drag force is directed toward said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • said station is at the center of said blank and has a circular perimeter
  • said drag force is directedradially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station around the entire said perimeter of said station.
  • the material constituting the said blank is solid plastic material
  • said method further comprising:
  • Method of moving material in a blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, toward a station on the first face of said blank, said method comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of a. frictionally exerting drag force along the first face of said blank directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station;
  • step (b) simultaneously with step (a), supporting the second face of said blank with a low-friction sur face.
  • said drag force is directed toward said. station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • said station is at the center of said blank and has a circular perimeter
  • the material constituting the said blank is solid plastic material
  • said method further comprising:
  • said method further comprising:
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of said blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of said blank
  • said method comprising:
  • step (b) simultaneously with step (a), applying supporting force normal to the second face of said blank while permitting said second face to move freely in the plane of said second face.
  • said flow of viscous fluid is directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station.
  • said flow of viscous fluid is applied in cyclically interrupted flow portions along the flrst face of said blank.
  • the average fluid pressure in a flow portion adjacent said station is greater than the average fluid pressure in a flow portion remote from said station.
  • a flow portion remote from said station surrounds a flow portion adjacent said station
  • Method of moving material in a blank having a c. said blank is circular, d. said station is at the center of said blank and has a circular perimeter,
  • said flow of viscous fluid is directed radially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station around the entire said perimeter of said station.
  • the material constituting the said blank is solid plastic material
  • said method further comprising:
  • step (b) simultaneously with step (a), supporting that portion of the second face of said blank with a lowfriction surface.
  • said flow of viscous fluid is directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station.
  • said station is at the center of said blank and has a circular perimeter
  • said flow of viscous fluid is directed radially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station.
  • the material constituting the blank is solid plastic material
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of said blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of said blank
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of said blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of said blank
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of said blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of said blank
  • said method further comprising:
  • said flow of viscous fluid is applied in cyclically interrupted flow portions along the first face of said blank.
  • the average fluid pressure in a flow portion adjacent said station is greater than the average fluid pressure in a flow portion remote from said station.
  • a flow portion remote from said station surrounds a flow portion adjacent said station.
  • Method of deep drawing a blank of material said blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, said method comprising:
  • step (b) simultaneously with step (a), exerting a drawing force on said blank at said station thereby to deep draw said blank.
  • said drag force is directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station.
  • said station is at the center of said blank and has a circular perimeter
  • said drag force is directed radially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • said method further comprising:
  • step (a) simultaneously with step (a), applying supporting force normal to that portion of the second face of said blank outside the perimeter of said station while permitting said portion to move freely in the plane of said second face.
  • said method further comprising:
  • step (a) simultaneously with step (a), supporting that portion of the second face of said blank outside the perimeter of said station with a low-friction surface.
  • the material constituting the said blank is solid plastic material
  • said method further comprising:
  • steps (a) and (b) simultaneously with steps (a) and (b), subjecting said blank to pressure of magnitude sufficient to increase the ductility of said blank.
  • Method of deep drawing a blank of material said blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, said method comprising:
  • step (b) simultaneously with step (a), exerting a drawing force on said blank at said station thereby to deep draw said blank.
  • said flow of viscous fluid is directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station.
  • said station is at the center. of said blank and has a circular perimeter
  • said flow of viscous fluid is directed radially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • said method further comprising:
  • said method further comprising:
  • the material constituting the said blank is solid plastic material
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of the blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of the blank
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of the blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of the blank
  • said method further comprising:
  • said viscous fluid is flowed between the first face of the blank and a second surface spaced from said first face of the blank
  • said method further comprising:
  • said flow of viscous fluid is applied in cyclically interrupted flow portions along the first face of said blank.
  • the average fluid pressure in a flow portion adjacent said station is greater than the average fluid pressure in a flow portion remote from said station.
  • a flow portion remote from said station surrounds a flow portion adjacent said station
  • Apparatus for moving material in a blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, toward a station on the first face of said blank, said apparatus comprising: i
  • first means adapted to frictionally exert drag force along the first face of said blank directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station;
  • second means adapted to support the second face of said blank, said second means being further adapted to permit said second face to move freely in the plane of said second face.
  • said first means is adapted to exert said drag force toward said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • Apparatus as in claim 60 for operating on a circular blank having a station with a circular perimeter at the center of said blank, wherein:
  • said first means is adapted to exert said drag force redially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station around the entire said perimeter of said station.
  • Apparatus as in claim 60 for operating on a blank of solid plastic material said apparatus further comprising:
  • third means for applying pressure to said blank increasing in the direction of said station to increase the ductility of said blank.
  • Apparatus for moving material in a blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, toward a station on the first face of said blank, said apparatus comprising:
  • first means adapted to frictionally exert drag force along the first face of said blank directed inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station
  • said first means is adapted to exert said drag force toward said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • said first means is adapted to exert said drag force radially inwardly from the edge of a circular blank toward the perimeter of a circular station around the entire said perimeter of said station.
  • Apparatus for moving material in a blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, toward a station on the first face of said blank, said apparatus comprising:
  • first means adapted to apply a flow of viscous fluid along the first face of said blank directed toward said station thereby to exert viscous drag force along the first face of said blank directed toward said station;
  • second means adapted to support the second f ce of said blank, said second means being further adapted to permit said second face to move freely in the plane of said second face.
  • said first means is adapted to direct said flow inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station.
  • said first means is adapted to direct said flow toward said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • Apparatus as in claim 70 for operating on a circular blank having a station with -a circular perimeter in the center of said blank, wherein:
  • said first means is adapted to direct said flow radially inwardly from the edge of said blank toward the perimeter of said station around the entire said perimeter of said station.
  • third means adapted to pressurize said flow of viscous fluid to apply sufficient pressure to said blank to increase the ductility of said blank.
  • Apparatus as in claim 70 for operating on a blank of solid plastic material said apparatus further comprising:
  • third means adapted to pressurize said flow of viscous fluid to apply sufficient pressure to said blank increasing in the direction of said station to increase the ductility of said blank.
  • viscosity adjustment means to adjust the viscosity of that portion of said viscous fluid flowing adjacent said second surface thereby to adjust the 6 f.
  • said viscosity adjustment means comprises means to adjust the temperature of that portion of said viscous fluid flowing adjacent said second surface.
  • said viscosity adjustment means comprises means to adjust the temperature of said second surface thereby to adjust the temperature of that portion of said viscous fluid flowing adjacent said second surface.
  • said first means is adapted to apply said flow of viscous fluid in cyclically interrupted flow portions along said first face of said blank.
  • said cyclically interrupted flow portions comprise a first flow portion adjacent said station and having a first average pressure and a second flow portion remote from said station and having a second average pressure, said second average pressure being lower than said first average pressure.
  • said second flow portion surrounds said first flow portion.
  • Apparatus for moving material in a blank having a substantially planar first face and a substantially planar second face opposite said first face, toward a station on the first face of said blank, said apparatus comprising:
  • first means adapted to apply a flow of viscous fluid along the first face of said blank directed toward said station thereby to exert viscous drag force along the first face of said blank directed toward said station
  • said first means is adapted to direct said flow inwardly from the periphery of said blank toward said station.
  • said first means is adapted to direct said flow toward said station around the entire perimeter of said station.
  • Apparatus as in claim 83 for operating on a circular blank having a station with a circular perimeter in the center, wherein:
  • said first means is adapted to direct said flow radially inwardly from the edge of a circular blank toward the perimeter of a circular station around the entire said perimeter of said station.
  • third means adapted to pressurize said flow of viscous fluid to apply sufficient pressure to said blank increasing in the direction of said station to increase the ductility of said blank.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US00114198A 1971-02-10 1971-02-10 Method and apparatus for operating on a blank of material,e.g.,deep drawing Expired - Lifetime US3715902A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11419871A 1971-02-10 1971-02-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3715902A true US3715902A (en) 1973-02-13

Family

ID=22353893

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00114198A Expired - Lifetime US3715902A (en) 1971-02-10 1971-02-10 Method and apparatus for operating on a blank of material,e.g.,deep drawing

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US3715902A (hu)
JP (1) JPS5940528B1 (hu)
AU (1) AU461336B2 (hu)
BE (1) BE779226A (hu)
CA (1) CA947016A (hu)
CH (1) CH550035A (hu)
DE (1) DE2205734C2 (hu)
ES (1) ES399977A1 (hu)
FR (1) FR2124624B1 (hu)
GB (1) GB1369112A (hu)
HU (1) HU163653B (hu)
IT (1) IT949047B (hu)
NL (1) NL7201709A (hu)
SE (1) SE409956B (hu)
YU (1) YU30872A (hu)
ZA (1) ZA72750B (hu)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910086A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-10-07 Vladislav Ivanovich Ershov Method and means for shaping parts by hydraulic extrusion
US4011744A (en) * 1973-03-30 1977-03-15 Ivanovich Ershov Vladislav Method and means for shaping parts by hydraulic extrusion
US5157969A (en) * 1989-11-29 1992-10-27 Armco Steel Co., L.P. Apparatus and method for hydroforming sheet metal
US5413118A (en) * 1990-08-20 1995-05-09 Baxter International Inc. Surgical drapes for covering appendages
US5555761A (en) * 1995-05-30 1996-09-17 Minster Machine Co Bodymaker tool pack
US5735165A (en) * 1995-06-23 1998-04-07 The Minster Machine Company Bodymaker drive system
US5865054A (en) * 1989-08-24 1999-02-02 Aquaform Inc. Apparatus and method for forming a tubular frame member
CN103752669A (zh) * 2014-01-15 2014-04-30 上海理工大学 板坯料拉深的压边系统以及板坯料拉深压边方法
CN105234289A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-13 重庆持恒模具有限公司 新型倒装复合模
CN106391875A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2017-02-15 荆楚理工学院 导弹发射架前整流罩压制模具

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2443888A1 (fr) * 1978-12-11 1980-07-11 Pechiney Aluminium Emboutissage en matrice liquide
FR2448946A1 (fr) * 1979-02-14 1980-09-12 Cuq Pierre Procede d'emboutissage, avec conformage centripete du flan
DE3431162A1 (de) * 1984-08-24 1986-03-06 August Läpple GmbH & Co, 7100 Heilbronn Insbesondere fuer zieh- und tiefziehoperationen zu verwendende presse
JPH02179325A (ja) * 1988-12-29 1990-07-12 Enami Seiki:Kk 絞り成形機
CN117963769B (zh) * 2024-04-02 2024-06-21 国能大渡河枕头坝发电有限公司 水轮机提升系统及使用方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3459021A (en) * 1966-09-09 1969-08-05 Western Electric Co Apparatus for deep drawing solid plastic materials
US3495433A (en) * 1966-09-09 1970-02-17 Western Electric Co Methods of deep drawing solid plastic materials

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910086A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-10-07 Vladislav Ivanovich Ershov Method and means for shaping parts by hydraulic extrusion
US4011744A (en) * 1973-03-30 1977-03-15 Ivanovich Ershov Vladislav Method and means for shaping parts by hydraulic extrusion
US5865054A (en) * 1989-08-24 1999-02-02 Aquaform Inc. Apparatus and method for forming a tubular frame member
US5157969A (en) * 1989-11-29 1992-10-27 Armco Steel Co., L.P. Apparatus and method for hydroforming sheet metal
US5372026A (en) * 1989-11-29 1994-12-13 Armco Steel Company Apparatus and method for hydroforming sheet metal
US5413118A (en) * 1990-08-20 1995-05-09 Baxter International Inc. Surgical drapes for covering appendages
US5555761A (en) * 1995-05-30 1996-09-17 Minster Machine Co Bodymaker tool pack
US5735165A (en) * 1995-06-23 1998-04-07 The Minster Machine Company Bodymaker drive system
CN103752669A (zh) * 2014-01-15 2014-04-30 上海理工大学 板坯料拉深的压边系统以及板坯料拉深压边方法
CN103752669B (zh) * 2014-01-15 2015-10-28 上海理工大学 板坯料拉深的压边系统以及板坯料拉深压边方法
CN105234289A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-13 重庆持恒模具有限公司 新型倒装复合模
CN106391875A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2017-02-15 荆楚理工学院 导弹发射架前整流罩压制模具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT949047B (it) 1973-06-11
DE2205734C2 (de) 1985-08-14
FR2124624B1 (hu) 1974-10-18
DE2205734A1 (de) 1972-09-21
AU461336B2 (en) 1975-05-07
ES399977A1 (es) 1975-07-01
SE409956B (sv) 1979-09-17
CA947016A (en) 1974-05-14
NL7201709A (hu) 1972-08-14
AU3866072A (en) 1973-08-09
YU30872A (en) 1979-02-28
ZA72750B (en) 1972-10-25
BE779226A (fr) 1972-05-30
HU163653B (hu) 1973-09-27
JPS5940528B1 (hu) 1984-10-01
CH550035A (de) 1974-06-14
FR2124624A1 (hu) 1972-09-22
GB1369112A (en) 1974-10-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3715902A (en) Method and apparatus for operating on a blank of material,e.g.,deep drawing
US2783728A (en) Apparatus for pressing sheet metal shapes
US3394569A (en) Forming method and apparatus
KR930004864B1 (ko) 금속시이트의 프레스 성형방법과 장치
CN102658327B (zh) 缩短液压-机械成形工艺周期的方法以及用于液压-机械成形构件的工具
GB1209930A (en) Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for deep drawing solid plastic material
US3769824A (en) Deep drawing method
US3491565A (en) Equipment adapted for hydrostatic extrusion and other uses
EP0156567B1 (en) Poly-v pulley formed of sheet metal and method and apparatus for making the same
EP0092253A2 (en) Metal sheet forming process with hydraulic counterpressure
US5195349A (en) Forming machine and process for forming material therewith
US3495433A (en) Methods of deep drawing solid plastic materials
KR810001523B1 (ko) 블랭크재료를 디프드로잉하기 위한 장치
GB1424979A (en) Die forming apparatus
US3817069A (en) Continuous hydrostatic extrusion die assembly and method for using it in forming extruded parts
KR810001484B1 (ko) 블랭크재료를 디프 드로잉하기 위한 방법
US2044710A (en) Method of making hollow articles
US3481293A (en) Method for manufacturing wheel covers
JPH0228406B2 (hu)
JPH0757395B2 (ja) 金属球殻状部品の製作方法
CN220766863U (zh) 一种双向组合群模精密压药装置
SU858977A1 (ru) Устройство дл отбортовки отверстий в листовом материале
US1956618A (en) Process for the manufacture of rings and especially of wheel tires
GB1201464A (en) High pressure containers for cyclically varying pressures
SU1502149A1 (ru) Устройство дл получени полых оболочек сложной пространственной формы

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:004251/0868

Effective date: 19831229