US3707615A - Nozzle for a plasma generator - Google Patents

Nozzle for a plasma generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3707615A
US3707615A US198251A US3707615DA US3707615A US 3707615 A US3707615 A US 3707615A US 198251 A US198251 A US 198251A US 3707615D A US3707615D A US 3707615DA US 3707615 A US3707615 A US 3707615A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
axis
nozzle
inlet end
electrode
angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US198251A
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English (en)
Inventor
Anthony J Rotolico
Edwardo Romero
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Applied Biosystems Inc
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Metco Inc
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Assigned to PERKIN-ELMER CORPORATION, THE reassignment PERKIN-ELMER CORPORATION, THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: METCO INC., A CORP OF DE.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3463—Oblique nozzles

Definitions

  • the nozzle includes an inlet end, an intermediate portion and an outlet portion in angular relationship so as to maximize the function and operational life of the nozzle electrode.
  • NOZZLE FOR A PLASMAGENERATOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to nozzles for use with plasma flame generators and in particular angular nozzles for usein plasma stream apparata.
  • Plasma flame generators and spray guns utilizing an electric arc and a flowing gas stream passed in contact with the are known and have been used successfully for commercial and experimental purposes. These devices generally consist of an electrode arrangement striking an arc therebetween, a nozzle and means for passing a stream of gas in contact with the arc and through the nozzle.
  • the arc In generators of the transferred arc .type which are generally used as torches for cutting, welding, and the like, the arc. generally extends from an electrode such as a rod electrode or a flat face electrode, such as a disc, to the workpiece through a nozzle, such as a cooled nozzle, while a gas stream is passed concurrently through the nozzle with the arc.
  • an electrode such as a rod electrode or a flat face electrode, such as a disc
  • a nozzle such as a cooled nozzle
  • the arc is struck between an electrode pair, one of which is in the form of a nozzle, and the gas stream is passed in contact with the arc and through the nozzle.
  • the angu- Plasma flame spray guns in principle, merely constitute plasma flame generators in which means are provided for passing a heat fusable material into contact with the plasma stream where it can be melted or at least softened and propelled, as for example, onto a surface to be coated.
  • a plasma generator in which the electric arc is constricted and elongated and passed at least part way down a nozzle by means of a sheath of plasma forming gas which, thus acting on the arc, is in itself converted to the plasma energy state, may be utilized as a heating medium.
  • This plasma flame generator is well suited as the plasma flame generating portion of the plasma flame spray gun as described in US. Pat. No. 3,455,510 to Rotolico. I
  • Plasma spraying into smaller holes or bores presents difficulty with regard to accessibility of the area to be sprayed.
  • angular nozzles such as those disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. patent to Thorpe were necessary.
  • the outlet portion of the nozzle passageway is'at a right angle to a central bore portion.
  • nozzles of this construction effectively operate, they require large quantities of cool water due to the large amount of heat absorbed by the walls of the nozzle during the arcing process.
  • arcing within these angular nozzles causes erosion and pitting in the passageway thereby necessitating frequent replacement. Consequently, the use of this type of nozzle has not proven to be practical.
  • lar nozzle electrode of the present invention enables the determination of optimum angles between the portions of the nozzle passage which results in a plasma gas directing medium which is both durable and effective in plasma spraying processes.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section of the angular nozzle electrode of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is demonstrated the angular nozzle electrode 10 of the invention. More specifically there is shown a nozzle body 11 through which extends a nozzle passage of three components, an inlet end designated as 12 which conically narrows to an intermediate portion designated as 14, and an exit portion 15 terminating at exit port 19. Additionally, the particular embodiment of FIG. 1 shows tubular blind bores 20 and 21 through which a coolant such as water can be circulated. Nozzle body 11 contains ribs 16 which facilitate the affixation of the'nozzle to a plasma generator.
  • intermediate portion 14 of the nozzle is at an angle to the axis of the inlet end and the outlet portion 15 is at an angle to the intermediate portion 14 and at a greater angle to the axis of the inlet end 12.
  • the angle at which nozzle component intermediate portion 14 deviates from the axis of the inlet end 12 is designated as A and the angle at which outlet portion deviates from the axis of the inlet end 12 is designated as B.
  • the difference between the two angles in the FIGURE is designated as A. It has been found that for optimum operation of a plasma flame spraygenerator with the instant angular nozzle electrode, particular angles for the intermediate and exit portions, 14 and 15, of the nozzle can be established. These particular angles enable a plasma generator to spray down into small holes without loss of the durability characteristics of the instant nozzle.
  • angle A corresponding to the optimum angles of B, 45 to 90, are calculated as being from 5 to 26.
  • angle B corresponding to the optimum angles of B, 45 to 90, are calculated as being from 5 to 26.
  • angle B corresponding to the optimum angles of B, 45 to 90.
  • the corresponding angle of A is about l0.
  • angles ofA have been determined empirically by using the approximate formula referred to above. Therefore, variations of plus or minus 2 are considered to be within the purview of the present invention. Therefore, optimum angles of A would range from about 4 to 28. It has been further established that a preferred angle A, having an angle B at 65, would be in the range of from about to l2.
  • a powder feed element 30 through which heat fusable material to be flame sprayed is fed.
  • the powder emanates from the powder exit port 31 and intersects the plasma flame spray emanating from the plasma flame exit port 19.
  • Heat fusable material to be flame sprayed as, for example, powdered metal or ceramics which are conventionally sprayed in devices of this type, is passed through powder-feed element 30 by means of a small volume of a carrier gas, as, for example, inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, argon or the like.
  • nozzle ll may be made of any electrically conductive material as, for example, copper, copper alloy, brass, aluminum, steel, or the like.
  • the nozzle body may be made of insulating materials as, for example, synthetic resins, such as polyethylene, nylon or the like.
  • all or at least a portion of the nozzle bore should be lined with an electrically conductive material or provided with an electrically conductive insert.
  • cooling elements and 21 were external tubular arrangements in the embodiments described in FIG. 1, any means of cooling the present plasma carrying nozzle electrode can be used.
  • One example would be an annular configuration surrounding the nozzle passageway.
  • the novel construction of the present angular nozzle is applicable to all types of plasma generators and spray guns in which an arc-forming electric current is passed from a rod electrode, inserted at intake 18 and extending coaxially with the axis of the inlet end 12 into the nozzle and which is provided with means for passing a plasma forming gas in contact with the are through the nozzle.
  • the present nozzle excepting its angular configuration, is operable with a spray generator in the same manner as the outwardly tapered nozzle of U.S. Pat. No. 3,145,287 to Siebeinet al.
  • the present angular nozzle may be used in combination with any conventional extension tube.
  • An angular nozzle electrode for a plasma generator comprising a nozzle body having a passage extending therethrough, at least a portion of the wall of which is of electrically conductive material, said passage having an inlet end, an intermediate portion and an outlet portion terminating as an exit port, the axis of said outlet portion extending at an angle to the axis of said inlet end and at an angle to the axis of said intermediate portion greater than 0 but less than the angle to the axis of said inlet end, whereby to define three distinct portions of said passage.
  • Angular nozzle electrode according to claim 1, in which the axis of said inlet end, intermediate and outlet portions extend at angles to each other so that the sin of the angle between the axes of the outlet portion and intermediate portion is about nine-tenths of the sin of the angle between the axes of the outlet portion and inlet end.
  • Angular nozzle electrode according to claim 2, in which the axis of said outlet portion extends at angles of about 45 to to the angle of said inlet end, and the axis of said intermediate portion extends at an angle of about 4 to 28 to the axis of said inlet portion.
  • Angular nozzle electrode in which the axis of said outlet portion extends at an angle of about 65 to the axis of said inlet end, and in which the axis of said intermediate portion extends at an angle of about 10 to 12 to the axis of said inlet end.
  • Angular nozzle electrode according to claim 5, including means for feeding flame spray powder in front of said exit port.
  • Angular nozzle electrode according to claim 6, forming the nozzle electrode on a plasma flame spray gun, having a rod electrode extending coaxially with the axis of said inlet end, means for generating an are between said rod electrode and said nozzle electrode, and a source of plasma forming gas.
  • Angular nozzle electrode according to claim 1, forming the nozzle electrode on a plasma flame spray gun, having a rod electrode extending coaxially with the axis of said inlet end, means for generating an arc l060l 2 ()4 20 n between said rod electrode and nozzle electrode, and a source of plasma forming gas.
  • Angular nozzle electrode including cooling fluid passages extending in the nozzle body surrounding at least a portion of said first-men- P0505) UNITED STATES PATENT OFFXCE W69) @ERTINCATE Oi (JURRECTIUN Patent No. 3 ,707,615 Dated December 26 1972 Invcntor(-s) Anthony J. Rotolico and Eduardo Romero It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
US198251A 1971-11-12 1971-11-12 Nozzle for a plasma generator Expired - Lifetime US3707615A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19825171A 1971-11-12 1971-11-12

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US3707615A true US3707615A (en) 1972-12-26

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US198251A Expired - Lifetime US3707615A (en) 1971-11-12 1971-11-12 Nozzle for a plasma generator

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US (1) US3707615A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5541000B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA943636A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2254504C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2159271B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1382089A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT966034B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4423304A (en) * 1981-02-20 1983-12-27 Bass Harold E Plasma welding torch
US5014916A (en) * 1990-04-25 1991-05-14 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Angular gas cap for thermal spray gun
US6084197A (en) * 1998-06-11 2000-07-04 General Electric Company Powder-fan plasma torch
US6262386B1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2001-07-17 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik Gmbh Plasma nozzle with angled mouth and internal swirl system
US6265689B1 (en) 2000-04-24 2001-07-24 General Electric Company Method of underwater cladding using a powder-fan plasma torch
US20070284340A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-13 Morten Jorgensen Vortex generator for plasma treatment
DE102008052102A1 (de) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-29 INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH Vorrichtung zum Vor- und/oder Nachbehandeln einer Bauteiloberfläche mittels eines Plasmastrahls
US20100170641A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2010-07-08 3Dt Llc Plasma treatment method and apparatus
US20130226073A1 (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Dräger Medical GmbH Device for disinfecting wound treatment
US9107282B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2015-08-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US9211603B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-12-15 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma gouging torch and angled nozzle therefor
US9497845B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2016-11-15 Hypertherm, Inc. Consumables for a plasma arc torch for bevel cutting
US20170156198A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2017-06-01 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric Consumables for a Plasma Arc Torch
CN109536874A (zh) * 2019-01-22 2019-03-29 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 一种具有偏角喷涂功能的内孔等离子喷涂装置
US10314155B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2019-06-04 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
WO2019243631A1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 Molecular Plasma Group Sa Improved method and apparatus for atmospheric pressure plasma jet coating deposition on a substrate
US10721812B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2020-07-21 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
RU2795061C2 (ru) * 2018-06-22 2023-04-28 Молекуляр Плазма Груп Са Улучшенные способ и устройство для осаждения покрытия с помощью плазменной струи при атмосферном давлении на подложку

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6112579U (ja) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-24 日鉄溶接工業株式会社 プラズマア−クト−チ
DE3642375A1 (de) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-23 Castolin Sa Verfahren zur aufbringung einer innenbeschichtung in rohre od. dgl. hohlraeume engen querschnittes sowie plasmaspritzbrenner dafuer
DE9215133U1 (de) * 1992-11-06 1993-01-28 Plasma-Technik Ag, Wohlen Plasmaspritzgerät
US5518178A (en) * 1994-03-02 1996-05-21 Sermatech International Inc. Thermal spray nozzle method for producing rough thermal spray coatings and coatings produced
US5858469A (en) * 1995-11-30 1999-01-12 Sermatech International, Inc. Method and apparatus for applying coatings using a nozzle assembly having passageways of differing diameter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3174025A (en) * 1962-12-05 1965-03-16 Corning Glass Works Plasma-jet torch
US3183337A (en) * 1961-06-13 1965-05-11 Giannini Scient Corp Electrical plasma-jet spray torch and method
US3280295A (en) * 1962-07-27 1966-10-18 Air Liquide Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172000A (en) * 1961-08-31 1965-03-02 Giannini Scient Corp Gas discharge light source with a recirculating gas supply

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3183337A (en) * 1961-06-13 1965-05-11 Giannini Scient Corp Electrical plasma-jet spray torch and method
US3280295A (en) * 1962-07-27 1966-10-18 Air Liquide Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch
US3174025A (en) * 1962-12-05 1965-03-16 Corning Glass Works Plasma-jet torch

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4423304A (en) * 1981-02-20 1983-12-27 Bass Harold E Plasma welding torch
US5014916A (en) * 1990-04-25 1991-05-14 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Angular gas cap for thermal spray gun
EP0453865A3 (en) * 1990-04-25 1992-01-22 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Angular gas cap for thermal spray gun
US6084197A (en) * 1998-06-11 2000-07-04 General Electric Company Powder-fan plasma torch
US6262386B1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2001-07-17 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik Gmbh Plasma nozzle with angled mouth and internal swirl system
US6265689B1 (en) 2000-04-24 2001-07-24 General Electric Company Method of underwater cladding using a powder-fan plasma torch
US20070284340A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-13 Morten Jorgensen Vortex generator for plasma treatment
US7547861B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2009-06-16 Morten Jorgensen Vortex generator for plasma treatment
US20100170641A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2010-07-08 3Dt Llc Plasma treatment method and apparatus
DE102008052102A1 (de) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-29 INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH Vorrichtung zum Vor- und/oder Nachbehandeln einer Bauteiloberfläche mittels eines Plasmastrahls
DE102008052102B4 (de) * 2008-10-20 2012-03-22 INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH Vorrichtung zum Vor- und/oder Nachbehandeln einer Bauteiloberfläche mittels eines Plasmastrahls
US9211603B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-12-15 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma gouging torch and angled nozzle therefor
US20130226073A1 (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Dräger Medical GmbH Device for disinfecting wound treatment
US9314603B2 (en) * 2012-02-23 2016-04-19 Dräger Medical GmbH Device for disinfecting wound treatment
US9107282B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2015-08-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US9497845B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2016-11-15 Hypertherm, Inc. Consumables for a plasma arc torch for bevel cutting
US20170156198A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2017-06-01 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric Consumables for a Plasma Arc Torch
US9781818B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2017-10-03 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US10314155B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2019-06-04 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
US10721812B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2020-07-21 Hypertherm, Inc. Asymmetric consumables for a plasma arc torch
WO2019243631A1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 Molecular Plasma Group Sa Improved method and apparatus for atmospheric pressure plasma jet coating deposition on a substrate
EP3586954A1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2020-01-01 Molecular Plasma Group SA Improved method and apparatus for atmospheric pressure plasma jet coating deposition on a substrate
RU2795061C2 (ru) * 2018-06-22 2023-04-28 Молекуляр Плазма Груп Са Улучшенные способ и устройство для осаждения покрытия с помощью плазменной струи при атмосферном давлении на подложку
US11767594B2 (en) 2018-06-22 2023-09-26 Molecular Plasma Group Sa Method and apparatus for atmospheric pressure plasma jet coating deposition on a substrate
CN109536874A (zh) * 2019-01-22 2019-03-29 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 一种具有偏角喷涂功能的内孔等离子喷涂装置
CN109536874B (zh) * 2019-01-22 2024-01-09 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 一种具有偏角喷涂功能的内孔等离子喷涂装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4868196A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-17
DE2254504A1 (de) 1973-05-17
JPS5541000B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-10-21
DE2254504C2 (de) 1982-04-15
GB1382089A (en) 1975-01-29
FR2159271B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-24
CA943636A (en) 1974-03-12
IT966034B (it) 1974-02-11
FR2159271A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-22

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Owner name: PERKIN-ELMER CORPORATION, THE, 761 MAIN AVENUE, NO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:METCO INC., A CORP OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004526/0539

Effective date: 19860310