US3698196A - Method for reinforcing loose rock and coal - Google Patents

Method for reinforcing loose rock and coal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3698196A
US3698196A US119822A US3698196DA US3698196A US 3698196 A US3698196 A US 3698196A US 119822 A US119822 A US 119822A US 3698196D A US3698196D A US 3698196DA US 3698196 A US3698196 A US 3698196A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bore
container
mixture
rod
rock
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US119822A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Jankowski
Otto-Ernst Glaesmann
Gerhard Haake
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bergwerksverband GmbH
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Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702010140 external-priority patent/DE2010140A1/de
Application filed by Bergwerksverband GmbH filed Critical Bergwerksverband GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3698196A publication Critical patent/US3698196A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
    • E21D1/10—Preparation of the ground
    • E21D1/16—Preparation of the ground by petrification

Definitions

  • expandable probes are used for the pressure injection, a great part of the injected resin mixture flows out of the bore when the pressure probe is exchanged for a plug closing the bore.
  • the use of expandable pressure probes which remain in the bore, sealing the same, is also too expensive.
  • Another object of the invention is to prevent the mixing of the components of the foam-forming mixture before all components are in the bore.
  • Another object of the invention is to plug the entrance opening of the bore by a quickly hardening resin mixture, before the foam in the bore has hardened.
  • a method of the invention comprises drilling at least one bore into loose rock; inserting into the bore at least one breakable container having at least two separate compartments filled with two components which form a resinous hardenable foam, when mixed; and breaking the container in the bore to establish communication between the compartments.
  • the components mix in the bore to form a foaming mixture filling, expanding due to swelling pressure, the closed bore and the surrounding loose and caving rock and coal then hardening in the bore so that the rock is reinforced.
  • the breaking of the container is carried out by inserting a pointed rod into the bore after insertion of the container, and it is advantageous to use the rod for mixing the components, and to then leave the rod in the bore for reinforcing the hardened foam mixture which fills the volume of the bore not taken up by the rod.
  • the components of the foamforming mixture are inserted into the bore separated by the walls of the container, which preferably consists of plastic foil material, bores which slant upward or which are horizontal, can be filled by the: reinforcing hardenable mixture.
  • the rod which is usually inserted into "the bore for reinforcing the rock, can also be used for breaking the container in the bore. Very little equipment is required for carrying out the method of the invention, and the method can be practiced by unskilled workers.
  • polyurethanes with added water have been found advantageous.
  • the properties of the hardened foam, and the reaction and hardening times, can be easily varied by suitably selecting the ratios of the components forming the mixture.
  • the container includes an outer tubular wall and an inner tubular wall in the outer tubular wall and having the same length. Clips close the ends of both tubular walls at the ends of the container.
  • One of the compartments is formed in the inner wall which is filled by one component, and the other compartment is formed within the outer tubular wall and around the inner tubular wall, and filled with the other component.
  • the tubular walls are made of synthetic plastic foil, which may consist of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, or polyamide. Double-wall tubular containers of this type can be easily mass-produced, and are very inexpensive. Although they are reliably holding the components of the mixture during transport, they can be easily destroyed in the bore in the rock by a pointed wooden rod.
  • EXAMPLE I which is foamed by a propellant, as set forth in the following example.
  • a first component in the outer annular compartment within the outer tubular wall of the container consists of 100 weight units of a polyester forming a dough with 200 weight units of rock powder.
  • the second component within the inner tubular wall of the container has 3 weight units of a 50 percent benzoylperoxide paste.
  • a third component in a third tubular foil compartment contains 8.6 weight units of a propellant.
  • the first component in the outer annular compartment of the container consists of 100 weight units of a polyalcohol, 17.5 weight units of castor oil, and 2.1 weight units of water. Asbestos flakes and aerosil are added to the components until the same is thixotropic.
  • the second component in the inner compartment consists of a diisocyanate.
  • the foam developing from the components inserted with the first container is prevented to flow out of the entrance opening of a upward slanting bore, since a hard plug is formed at the entrance of the bore.
  • the step of closing the bore need not be separately carried out by a plug.
  • the following example concerns a foam-forming, rapidly hardening resin mixture which is used for plugging the entrance of the bore.
  • the plugging container is also made of two tubular walls forming an outer and an inner compartment.
  • the first component is placed in one of the compartments, and consists of 28 weight units of a cold, hardening, unsaturated polyester resin, and of 70 weight units of rock powder and aerosil.
  • the second component in the other compartment consists of a peroxide.
  • the reinforcing rods preferably consist of wood having a profiled cross section, which may be square, rectangular, or otherwise non-circular.
  • the leading end of the rod is sharpened or pointed to cut and break the plastic foil container easily.
  • Drilling machines may be used for rotating the rod, particularly rotary-drilling machines of conventional construction, which are provided with a chuck for clamping the rod.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view illustrating a container with two compartments, in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of the rod
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a second embodiment of the rod used in the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a third embodiment of the rod provided with an agitating tool.
  • a container 1 is made of synthetic plastic foil material, and includes an outer tubular wall 2, an inner tubular wall 3, and clips 6, closing the ends of the tubular walls 2 and 3, so that an outer annular compartment 4 is formed between walls 2 and 3, and an inner compartment is formed within the inner wall 3.
  • Container 1 is elongated and slender, and can be longitudinally inserted into a drilled bore.
  • Rod 7 has a square cross-section schematically indicated at 8, and has a slanted end face forming a cutting edge 9.
  • the rod 7 has a leading end covered by a fitting 10 having a pyramid-shaped pointed end portion 1 l.
  • Fitting 10,11 may consist of metal or a hard plastic synthetic material. It is evident that insertion of one of the rods 7, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, into a bore in which container 1 is located, will cut up and break the plastic foil walls of the container 1 which will cause the components of the resin mixture to mix and foam, and then harden in the bore.
  • the embodiment of the rod 7 shown in FIG. 4 is provided with a fitting 10' to which an agitating tool consisting of two blades 12 and 13 is secured so that rotation of rod 7' causes thorough mixing and agitation of the components flowing out of the broken container when rod 7 is rotated.
  • a method for reinforcing loose rock comprising drilling into the rock at least one bore having a closed bottom portion and an entrance opening on the rock surface; inserting a breakable container into said closed bottom portion spaced from said entrance opening, said container having at least two separate compartments filled with two components, respectively, which form a resinous hardenable expanding foaming mixture, when mixed; breaking said container in said bottom portion to establish communication between said compartments so that said components mix in said bottom portion of said bore; and closing said entrance opening before said mixture fully expands and hardens so that said mixture is confined and enclosed within a closed space in said bore while expanding, said mixture expanding and filling said closed space to said closed entrance port and entering under pressure between loose rock portions surrounding said bore whereupon said mixture hardens so that the rock around said bore is reinforced.
  • breaking of said container is carried out by inserting a rod into said bore after insertion of said container into said bottom portion, said rod having a length corresponding to the depth of said bore so as to leave said entrance opening free for closing so that after closing of said entrance bore, said rod remains in said bore for reducing the free volume of said bore.
  • step of closing said entrance opening includes the steps of inserting an other container into said entrance opening after inserting of said container into said bottom portion of said bore, said other container having at least two compartments filled with substances, respectively, which form, when mixed, an other mixture which hardens quicker than said foaming mixture, and breaking said other container when breaking said container in said bottom portion of said bore so that said other mixture is formed which quickly hardens in said entrance opening to close said entrance opening before said foaming mixt hfll add'thlsdb.
  • T l 'i e b me tfi o i c laiir i 2 v vlie e in said rod consists of wood and has a non-circular cross section; and wherein the leading end of said rod is shaped for cutting said container.
  • said container includes an outer tubular wall, an inner tubular wall in said outer tubular wall having the same length, and clips closing the ends of said tubular walls at the ends of said container; and wherein one of said compartments in formed in said inner tubular wall, and the other compartment is formed within said outer tubular wall and around said inner tubular wall.
  • thickening powder is a mineral powder selected from the group consisting of rock-powder, aerosil, talcum, kaolin and asbestos flakes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
US119822A 1970-03-04 1971-03-03 Method for reinforcing loose rock and coal Expired - Lifetime US3698196A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702010140 DE2010140A1 (de) 1970-03-04 1970-03-04 Verfahren zum Verfestigen von zum Aus laufen neigender Kohle und lockeren Ge birgsformationen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3698196A true US3698196A (en) 1972-10-17

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Family Applications (1)

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US119822A Expired - Lifetime US3698196A (en) 1970-03-04 1971-03-03 Method for reinforcing loose rock and coal

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US (1) US3698196A (de)
FR (1) FR2084181A6 (de)
GB (1) GB1286782A (de)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882684A (en) * 1973-09-12 1975-05-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls
US3942329A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Flexible rock bolt
US3987635A (en) * 1975-04-01 1976-10-26 Exchem Holdings Limited Method of reinforcing rock strata
US3996722A (en) * 1972-06-19 1976-12-14 Frederick William Bernhardt Method of making a cartridge
US4007831A (en) * 1973-06-19 1977-02-15 Frederick William Bernhardt Cartridges containing self-setting mixes
FR2380332A1 (fr) * 1977-02-11 1978-09-08 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Cartouche pour la fixation de tiges d'ancrage dans des trous de mine
US4136774A (en) * 1977-12-22 1979-01-30 Rexnord Inc. Rock bolt resins
US4153156A (en) * 1977-08-08 1979-05-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for reinforcing or sealing solid structures or for anchoring bolts therein and cartridges for use in such method
US4253566A (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-03-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Resin-containing cartridges and process for sealing solid structures or for anchoring bolts and rods therein
US4289427A (en) * 1979-02-07 1981-09-15 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Process for installing roof bolts
US4390333A (en) * 1980-02-05 1983-06-28 Esso Societe Anonyme Francaise Apparatus suitable for use in closing openings with a foam-expanded bladder
US4443132A (en) * 1978-06-22 1984-04-17 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Anchoring of tension members
DE3248005A1 (de) * 1982-12-24 1984-06-28 Hilti Ag, Schaan Ankerstange
DE3433928A1 (de) * 1984-09-15 1986-03-27 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur verfestigung von geologischen formationen
WO1987005925A1 (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-08 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Process for strengthening and sealing geological formations
WO2009039573A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-02 Wmc Nominees Pty Limited Method for fixing a cable or tendon
WO2010067126A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Minova International Limited Silicate isocyanate
US20100147856A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2010-06-17 J-Lok Co. Device for Forming Partitioned Film Packages
WO2011113131A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Dywidag-Systems International Canada Ltd. A yielding spiral bolt appendage for a rock bolt

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952129A (en) * 1958-01-09 1960-09-13 Joseph B Dempsey Mine roof bolt installation
AT224588B (de) * 1960-01-20 1962-11-26 Becorit Grubenausbau Gmbh Patrone für einen insbesondere im untertägigen Grubenbetrieb zu verwendenden Ankerausbau
US3082578A (en) * 1958-03-24 1963-03-26 Frank F Lindstaedt Expansible anchor bolt and method of anchoring same
US3108443A (en) * 1959-07-07 1963-10-29 Schucrmann Fritz Method of fixing anchor bolts in the drill holes
US3188815A (en) * 1960-04-07 1965-06-15 Schuermann Fritz Anchor bolt assembly
US3324662A (en) * 1963-10-21 1967-06-13 American Cyanamid Co Valved rock bolt
US3430449A (en) * 1965-11-27 1969-03-04 Rudolf Novotny Anchor bolts and method for fixing same in drill holes especially in friable rock
DE1458669A1 (de) * 1965-08-14 1969-03-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Verfahren zur Befestigung von Ankern oder Bolzen in Bohrloechern durch Verkleben

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR467638A (fr) * 1914-01-23 1914-06-16 Holzwerk Baumbach Westerwald J Cheville murale en bois
DE936204C (de) * 1954-10-26 1955-12-07 Theo Dipl-Ing Boerding Anker fuer den Grubenausbau
FR1253773A (fr) * 1959-04-20 1961-02-10 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Procédé de fixation de boulons dans les trous percés dans la roche pour les recevoir
FR1285087A (fr) * 1960-04-07 1962-02-16 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Procédé de fixation de boulons d'ancrage dans des trous de mines les recevant, et boulon d'ancrage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
FR1307888A (fr) * 1961-12-13 1962-10-26 Schering Ag Procédé et dispositif de consolidation de roches naturelles ou artificielles
FR1370029A (fr) * 1963-05-27 1964-08-21 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Procédé de consolidation et d'étanchement de roches
FR1402192A (fr) * 1964-06-08 1965-06-11 American Cyanamid Co Procédé de chevillage des roches
FR88658E (fr) * 1965-01-25 1967-03-10 Procédé et dispositif de soutènement par scellement, notamment des toits et des parements de mines
FR1434308A (fr) * 1965-02-24 1966-04-08 Celtite Sa Nouvelle présentation en cartouche de charges destinées à la fixation de boulons d'ancrage
FR1479065A (fr) * 1966-05-09 1967-04-28 Explosives & Chem Prod Dispositif de fixation de boulons d'ancrage ou analogues
FR1483048A (fr) * 1966-05-04 1967-06-02 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Pièce d'ancrage notamment pour l'exploitation minière
FR1489507A (fr) * 1966-08-12 1967-07-21 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Procédé pour la fixation d'ancrages ou de boulons dans des trous de forage par collage
FR1520333A (fr) * 1967-04-25 1968-04-05 Tige de soutènement de toits de galeries de mines
FR1531955A (fr) * 1967-07-20 1968-07-05 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Cartouche pour fixer une barre d'ancrage dans un trou foré

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952129A (en) * 1958-01-09 1960-09-13 Joseph B Dempsey Mine roof bolt installation
US3082578A (en) * 1958-03-24 1963-03-26 Frank F Lindstaedt Expansible anchor bolt and method of anchoring same
US3108443A (en) * 1959-07-07 1963-10-29 Schucrmann Fritz Method of fixing anchor bolts in the drill holes
AT224588B (de) * 1960-01-20 1962-11-26 Becorit Grubenausbau Gmbh Patrone für einen insbesondere im untertägigen Grubenbetrieb zu verwendenden Ankerausbau
US3188815A (en) * 1960-04-07 1965-06-15 Schuermann Fritz Anchor bolt assembly
US3324662A (en) * 1963-10-21 1967-06-13 American Cyanamid Co Valved rock bolt
DE1458669A1 (de) * 1965-08-14 1969-03-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Verfahren zur Befestigung von Ankern oder Bolzen in Bohrloechern durch Verkleben
US3430449A (en) * 1965-11-27 1969-03-04 Rudolf Novotny Anchor bolts and method for fixing same in drill holes especially in friable rock

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3996722A (en) * 1972-06-19 1976-12-14 Frederick William Bernhardt Method of making a cartridge
US4007831A (en) * 1973-06-19 1977-02-15 Frederick William Bernhardt Cartridges containing self-setting mixes
US3882684A (en) * 1973-09-12 1975-05-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls
US3942329A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Flexible rock bolt
US3987635A (en) * 1975-04-01 1976-10-26 Exchem Holdings Limited Method of reinforcing rock strata
FR2380332A1 (fr) * 1977-02-11 1978-09-08 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Cartouche pour la fixation de tiges d'ancrage dans des trous de mine
US4153156A (en) * 1977-08-08 1979-05-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for reinforcing or sealing solid structures or for anchoring bolts therein and cartridges for use in such method
US4136774A (en) * 1977-12-22 1979-01-30 Rexnord Inc. Rock bolt resins
US4443132A (en) * 1978-06-22 1984-04-17 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Anchoring of tension members
US4289427A (en) * 1979-02-07 1981-09-15 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Process for installing roof bolts
US4253566A (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-03-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Resin-containing cartridges and process for sealing solid structures or for anchoring bolts and rods therein
US4390333A (en) * 1980-02-05 1983-06-28 Esso Societe Anonyme Francaise Apparatus suitable for use in closing openings with a foam-expanded bladder
DE3248005A1 (de) * 1982-12-24 1984-06-28 Hilti Ag, Schaan Ankerstange
DE3433928A1 (de) * 1984-09-15 1986-03-27 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur verfestigung von geologischen formationen
WO1987005925A1 (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-08 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Process for strengthening and sealing geological formations
EP0248457A1 (de) * 1986-04-02 1987-12-09 Bergwerksverband GmbH Verfahren zur Verfestigung und Dichtung von geologischen Formationen
US4761099A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-08-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for strengthening and sealing geological formations
US20100147856A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2010-06-17 J-Lok Co. Device for Forming Partitioned Film Packages
US8202024B2 (en) * 2005-06-24 2012-06-19 J-Lok Co. Partitioned film package
WO2009039573A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-02 Wmc Nominees Pty Limited Method for fixing a cable or tendon
US20100290841A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-11-18 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Method for fixing a cable or tendon
AU2008303063B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2014-12-18 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Method for fixing a cable or tendon
WO2010067126A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Minova International Limited Silicate isocyanate
WO2011113131A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Dywidag-Systems International Canada Ltd. A yielding spiral bolt appendage for a rock bolt

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2084181A6 (de) 1971-12-17
GB1286782A (en) 1972-08-23

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