US3694991A - Vacuum skin package, and process and apparatus for making same - Google Patents

Vacuum skin package, and process and apparatus for making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694991A
US3694991A US83398A US3694991DA US3694991A US 3694991 A US3694991 A US 3694991A US 83398 A US83398 A US 83398A US 3694991D A US3694991D A US 3694991DA US 3694991 A US3694991 A US 3694991A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
product
film
chamber
sheet
supporting member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US83398A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard R Perdue
Le Roy F Hoagland
Richard O Kuehne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co
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WR Grace and Co
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Application filed by WR Grace and Co filed Critical WR Grace and Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B47/00—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved
    • B65B47/08—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved by application of fluid pressure
    • B65B47/10—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved by application of fluid pressure by vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/50—Enclosing articles, or quantities of material, by disposing contents between two sheets, e.g. pocketed sheets, and securing their opposed free margins
    • B65B11/52—Enclosing articles, or quantities of material, by disposing contents between two sheets, e.g. pocketed sheets, and securing their opposed free margins one sheet being rendered plastic, e.g. by heating, and forced by fluid pressure, e.g. vacuum, into engagement with the other sheet and contents, e.g. skin-, blister-, or bubble- packaging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • This invention relates generally to skin packaging and specifically to vacuum skin packaging of both food and non-food items.
  • vacuum means a differential fluid pressure where the fluid can be either a gas or a liquid.
  • the film may be coated with an adhesive or the backing board may be so coated. Where the two contact each other, a strong bond is formed resulting in a package in which the product is tightly held to the backing board for safe shipping and for subsequent rack display in retail stores.
  • Vacuum skin packaging differs from the above described skin packaging process in that both the thermoplastic film and the backing board are impervious to gases and the resulting package can be evacuated and hermetically sealed, if desired.
  • the same end result is sought, i.e. the product is to be tightly held by the transparent film to the backing board.
  • the conventional method employs a backing board which is porous or which is perforated so that the vacuum may be drawn directly through the backing board.
  • the vacuum skin packaging processes generally employs a vacuum chamber with an open top. The product on an impervious backing board is placed on a platform within the vacuum chamber. The top of the chamber is then covered by a sheet of film which is clamped tightly against the chamber to form a vacuum type closure.
  • the chamber is evacuated while the film is heated to forming and softening temperatures.
  • the platform can then be raised to drive the product into the softened film and air pressure can be used above the film to force it tightly around the product.
  • thermoplastic film is stretched across the open face of a vacuum chamber.
  • the product is then either driven up into the film, the film pulled down over the product, or air pressure is used to move the film. Having to physically move the film or the product slows down the packaging process and, in addition, requires that the product be strong enough to withstand the force of contacting the film. Furthermore, when the film is stretched flat and straight across the vacuum chamber,
  • the present invention is a vacuum skin packaging process comprising the steps of: shaping a cavity in a sheet of flexible packaging material, said cavity at least partially enclosing a product on an impervious backing board; generating a pressure differential across said sheet; and, moving said sheet against the product and into sealing engagement with the backing board by means of said pressure differential.
  • the cavity which partially encloses the product allows a minimum of sheet packaging material to be used and at the same time provides a minimal distance for the film or sheet to be moved before contacting the product thus giving little opportunity for wrinkling of the sheet.
  • the process of the present invention comprises placing the product to be packaged on a gas impervious supporting member; shaping a flexible sheet member into a concavity; maintaining the concave shape of the sheet; positioning said sheet over said product and supporting member so that said sheet partially covers but does not contact either the sheet or supporting member; evacuating the space between said sheet and said supporting member; moving said sheet from its concave shape and position so that it closely contacts said product and supporting member; and sealing the supporting member to the sheet member.
  • the present process includes the use of a flexible sheet member which is made from a formable thermoplastic film and includes heating the thermoplastic film to its forming temperature when it is in the concave shape.
  • thermoplastic film of course could be preheated to its forming temperature before being shaped into a cavity and this requires that the film be maintained at its forming temperature until it is moved against the product and supporting member.
  • a preferred method of shaping and moving the thermoplastic film is to use differential air pressure.
  • the apparatus which constitutes a part'of the present invention will perform the above-described process.
  • the apparatus comprises a vacuum chamber having an open top; means for supporting objects to be packaged within said chamber; means for evacuating the chamber; and closure means for the chamber'which comprises a concave inner surface, a means for creating differential air pressure on the concave surface and means for heating the surface.
  • a means for adjusting the height of the chamber for differing product heights is also included.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a section through the closure means for the vacuum chamber of the subject invention showing a flexible packaging sheet member across the opening of the cavity in said closure means;
  • FIG. 1A is a sectional view of the closure means of FIG. 1 showing the arrangement of the heating elements, vacuum ports, and height adjusting means for the closure means;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the vacuum chamber and closure means with the sheet member formed into a concave shape and the product and supporting member in place within the chamber;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the evacuation of the space between the sheet member and the supporting member
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the packaging sheet member after it has been moved against the product and into sealing engagement with the supporting member;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a vacuum skin package.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic sectional view of upper vacuum head 3 is shown.
  • Vacuum head 3 serves as the closure means for the vacuum chamber described hereinbelow.
  • the detail of the vacuum head 3 can best be appreciated by viewing both FIGS. land 1A.
  • inwardly sloping wall and the horizontal wall portion containing ports 14 define a concave space or cavity within the vacuum head 3.
  • Above the ports 14 is manifold space 4 having an exterior port 6.
  • Heating elements 5 are placed within the manifold area for heating the wall containing the ports 14. These heating elements may either be steam lines with inlet 12 and outlet 13 feeding steam to elements 5'; or, the elements may be electrically operated radiant heaters or resistance type heaters.
  • Vacuum head 3 has a vertical peripheral wall or leg 16 to which can be added a shim member 17 to extend or shorten the height of wall 16.
  • the shim l7 conforms to the shape of the opening of the cavity in the vacuum head 3 and makes it possible to adjust the height of the head for different product sizes.
  • vacuum chamber 9 can be seen having platform 8 placed therein which is carried by platform supports 10.'In position on the platform 8 is backing board or package supporting member 7 upon which has been placed the product 2 which is to be packaged.
  • Flexible packaging film 1 is shown lining the cavity of the closure means 3.
  • Chamber 9 has a manifold or cavity region 18 which has an exterior port 11 and which has a passageway to the head cavity which is defined by the space between chamber 9 and platform 8.
  • a sheet of flexible packaging material 1 is shown stretched across the op'ening to the cavity in head 3.
  • the sheet material 1 be transparent.
  • Particularly suitable packaging materials are the thermoplastics such as polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, saran, nylon, polyvinylchloride, or the like and laminates of any of these materials.
  • thermoplastic materials When thermoplastic materials are used, they will be relatively stifi or semi-rigid before being heated to a softened and formable stage.
  • the present invention contemplates the use of such heat so'ftenable' thermoplastic materials and when such materials are placed across the opening to the cavity of head 3 as shown in FIG. 1, they may be either preheated to partially soften them, or they may be heated to softening temperatures by the radiant, conductive, and convective action of heaters 5.
  • a pressure differential or vacuum is applied as shown in FIG. 2 by the arrow and the abbreviation vac.
  • This pressure differential, or vacuum acts through ports 14, through manifold region 4, and through the exhaust ports 6. Any conventional vacuum pump can be used toapply this pressure differential.
  • the film 1 Upon the application of thepressure differential, the film 1 will assume the shape shown in FIG. 2. In this shape, the film 1 lines the cavity of the head 3 and is formed in the same concave shape as the cavity in the head. That is, a cavity is formed in the film 1 at this point.
  • the supporting member 7 is preferably a gas impervious material and may be a metal such as aluminum sheet or foil; a plastic material such as polystyrene foam; a laminate of paper board with a gas impervious plastic coating; or, in, general, any sheet-like clear or opaque material.
  • FIG. 3 the film l shaped into a concave form or cavity has been positioned over the product 2 and supporting member 7.
  • the vacuum head 3 has not been closed upon the chamber 9.
  • the closing of the chamber is accomplished as shown in FIG. 3.
  • vacuum is constantly applied through ports 14, manifold 4, and port 6 to retain the concave shape of the film 1.
  • FIG. 3 with the chamber closed by closure member or head 3, vacuum or pressure differential is applied through port 11 and the application of this vacuum is illustrated by the downwardly pointing arrow and the abbreviation vac.”
  • Arrows on either side of platform 8 are used to demonstrate the evacuation of the air and gas from the region or space between supporting member 7 and film 1.
  • the path of the evacuated gases or air is from the vicinity of product 2, around the peripheral space between chamber 9 and platform 8 into the chamber cavity or manifold 18, and out through port 11.
  • the concave shape of the film 1 is retained preferably by application of vacuum through ports 14 and manifold 4. During this process further heating can be supplied to soften the film 1 when it is a thermoplastic material.
  • the film l is shown collapsed around and formed on product 2 and in contact with supporting member 7.
  • the vacuum or pressure differential has been maintained through port 11 and the vacuum through port 6 has been released and atmospheric pressure has been admitted as shown by the downwardly pointing arrow from the word atmosphere.
  • Super-atmospheric pressure can be applied through port 6 to move the film more rapidly and securely against product 2; or sub-atmospheric pressure could be applied to slow down the movement and stretching rate of the film.
  • the pressure on the lower side of the film be less than the pressure on the upper side. For instance, in the step illustrated in FIG.
  • the vacuum applied on the upper side of film 1 through ports 14 must necessarily be equal to or greater than the vacuum applied below the film through port 11 in order to retain the concave shape of the film; but, when the film l is moved against the product 2 as shown in FIG. 4, the action of the vacuum acting through port 11 serves to pull the film against the product 2. Or, viewed in another manner, the action of the atmosphere pushes the film 1 down on the product 2.
  • a further advantage of shaping the film 1 into a cavity prior to forming it around the product is that the film 1 can be clamped at approximately the same level as the supporting member 7. (See FIG. 3)
  • the edges of the film 1 will be stretched disproportionately and will not adhere to the edges of the supporting member 1 without difficulty and excess, unusable film around the periphery of the supporting member 7 will result.
  • the product and backing board after being placed in the vacuum chamber the product and backing board remain stationary and do not have to be moved. This means that there is less likelihood of the product moving out of its position on the backing board 7 and less likelihood of the product 2 being distorted or even crushed by the physical movement of the product into the film.
  • FIG. 5 shows a finished package made according to the present invention.
  • Product 2 rectangular in shape, is covered by film 1 which closely conforms to the shape of the product.
  • product 2 has served as the forming or die member for the film l.
  • the film 1 is sealed against the supporting member 7 which carries product 2.
  • the packaging film 1 will be of an impervious material, that is, one having relatively low air or oxygen transmission and the same will be true for the supporting member 7.
  • the sealing between film l and supporting member 7 can be accomplished in several different manners. For example,
  • the film 1 can be coated with an adhesive which can be heat activatable.
  • an adhesive which can be heat activatable.
  • the adhesive will be activated and subsequently, when the film is moved against the backing board 7 as shown in FIG. 4, the adhesive will seal to supporting member 7.
  • a coating of ethylene vinyl acetate makes a very satisfactory heat activatable adhesive.
  • Another means of sealing is to coat the supporting member 7 with a material such as polyethylene which will be the same material used in the film 1. Thus, when sufficiently heated, the like materials will bond or seal one to the other.
  • Still another method of sealing is to put a pressure sensitive adhesive or heat activatable adhesive on the backing board and rely upon heat within the chamber to activate the adhesive.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable in packaging food products where anevacuated package is necessary to extend the shelf lifetime of the product.
  • Various food items require packaging materials having differing moisture vapor transmission rates and oxygen permeability rates.
  • packaging materials can be selected and used with properties that match the requirements for the packaged food item.
  • various atmospheres can be used for the product. For instance, thespace containing the product can be flushed with an inert gas such as nitrogen and then a pressure differential applied to the film 1 through ports 14 to push it against the product 2 and backing member 7. Once sealed, a hermetically closed package is thus made.
  • a vacuum skin packaging process comprising:
  • a process for vacuum skin packaging a product on an impervious supporting member comprising the steps a. drawing by differential air pressure a formable plastic sheet member against a concave surface;
  • a vacuum skin packaging process comprising:
  • thermoplastic material is polyethylene
US83398A 1970-10-23 1970-10-23 Vacuum skin package, and process and apparatus for making same Expired - Lifetime US3694991A (en)

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US8339870A 1970-10-23 1970-10-23

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US3694991A true US3694991A (en) 1972-10-03

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US83398A Expired - Lifetime US3694991A (en) 1970-10-23 1970-10-23 Vacuum skin package, and process and apparatus for making same
US05/872,297 Expired - Lifetime USRE30009E (en) 1970-10-23 1978-01-25 Vacuum skin package, and process and apparatus for making same

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US05/872,297 Expired - Lifetime USRE30009E (en) 1970-10-23 1978-01-25 Vacuum skin package, and process and apparatus for making same

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US (2) US3694991A (de)
AU (1) AU469635B2 (de)
BE (1) BE773791A (de)
BR (1) BR7107833D0 (de)
CA (1) CA930298A (de)
CH (1) CH539544A (de)
DE (1) DE2149414A1 (de)
DK (1) DK139748B (de)
ES (1) ES396312A1 (de)
FI (1) FI52306C (de)
FR (1) FR2113157A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1307054A (de)
LU (1) LU64125A1 (de)
NL (1) NL167917C (de)
NO (1) NO130763C (de)
SE (1) SE384991B (de)

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US3830365A (en) * 1972-10-19 1974-08-20 Newport General Corp Vacuum skin packaging and packages
US3835618A (en) * 1973-01-22 1974-09-17 Grace W R & Co Apparatus for producing vacuum skin packages in multiples
JPS49104788A (de) * 1973-01-22 1974-10-03
JPS5727012B2 (de) * 1973-01-22 1982-06-08
US3828520A (en) * 1973-04-04 1974-08-13 Substrate Inc Vacuum packaging method and platen therefor
DE2536020A1 (de) * 1974-08-22 1976-03-04 Grace W R & Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vakuumverpacken eines gegenstandes
US3950919A (en) * 1974-08-22 1976-04-20 W. R. Grace & Co. Apparatus and process for vacuum skin packaging
DE2758808A1 (de) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-19 American Can Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einer vakuum-skin-verpackung
DE3341072A1 (de) * 1982-11-15 1984-05-17 W.R. Grace & Co., New York, N.Y. Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vakuumverpacken
US4833862A (en) * 1982-11-15 1989-05-30 W. R. Grace & Co. - Conn. Method and apparatus for vacuum packaging and package obtained thereby
US5076436A (en) * 1982-11-15 1991-12-31 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Vacuum packaging
US4611456A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-09-16 W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. Process for making a vacuum skin package and product formed thereby
EP0270208A1 (de) * 1986-11-14 1988-06-08 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Verfahren und Apparat zum Vakuumverpacken
US4796408A (en) * 1986-11-14 1989-01-10 W. R. Grace & Co. Method and apparatus for vacuum packaging
US5033253A (en) * 1987-07-02 1991-07-23 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Process for skin packaging electostatically sensitive items
AU636420B2 (en) * 1989-12-13 1993-04-29 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Film/foil panel
US5454214A (en) * 1993-10-27 1995-10-03 Lancaster; Paul B. Automatic vacuum packaging apparatus
AU761814B2 (en) * 1998-12-23 2003-06-12 Cryovac, Inc. Process for packaging high profile products in a modified atmosphere with an upwardly formed heat shrinkable film
US6408598B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2002-06-25 Cryovac, Inc. Modified atmosphere package for high profile products from upwardly formed heat shrinkable film
US20090071100A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-03-19 Multivac Sepp Haggenmuller Gmbh & Go. Kg Packaging machine and method for producing packages made of a film
US8091322B2 (en) * 2007-07-06 2012-01-10 Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller Gmbh & Co. Kg Packaging machine and method for producing packages made of a film
US8402723B2 (en) 2007-07-16 2013-03-26 Cryovac, Inc. Vacuum skin packaging method and apparatus
US20100115890A1 (en) * 2007-07-16 2010-05-13 Andrea Granili Vacuum skin packaging method and apparatus
US20090136627A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 Schuman Neal H Cheese board
US20180170595A1 (en) * 2009-07-29 2018-06-21 Cryovac, Inc. Vacuum Skin Packaging of a Product Arranged on a Support
US20120204516A1 (en) * 2009-07-29 2012-08-16 Cryovac, Inc. Vacuum Skin Packaging of a Product Arranged on a Support
US20110048998A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Marina Riccio Film suitable for vacuum skin packaging applications and easy-to-open vacuum skin package obtained therewith
WO2011044027A1 (en) 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 Cryovac, Inc. Suspension packaging with on-demand oxygen generation
EP3083411B1 (de) 2013-12-16 2017-10-18 Cryovac, Inc. Vorrichtung und verfahren zum verpacken eines produkts
US10259603B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2019-04-16 Cryovac, Llc Apparatus and process for packaging a product
EP3083411B2 (de) † 2013-12-16 2021-02-10 Cryovac, Inc. Vorrichtung zum verpacken eines produkts
WO2015187956A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Deli Star Corporation A packaging machine for vacuum skin packaging
US20170305582A1 (en) * 2014-10-09 2017-10-26 Medipack Ag Method for packaging articles in bubble wrap
RU2737694C2 (ru) * 2016-03-07 2020-12-02 Криовак, Инк. Многослойная пленка для упаковывания в вакууме в плотно прилегающую пленку, способ упаковывания и изготавливаемые им упаковки
US20180155074A1 (en) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-07 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg Tray sealer
US10913562B2 (en) * 2016-12-06 2021-02-09 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg Tray sealer
USD984895S1 (en) 2020-12-22 2023-05-02 Applied Materials, Inc. Packaging insert for a process chamber component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI52306C (fi) 1977-08-10
FR2113157A5 (de) 1972-06-23
GB1307054A (en) 1973-02-14
NL167917B (nl) 1981-09-16
CH539544A (de) 1973-07-31
SE384991B (sv) 1976-05-31
LU64125A1 (de) 1972-05-12
ES396312A1 (es) 1974-05-01
DK139748B (da) 1979-04-09
NL7114481A (de) 1972-04-25
DE2149414A1 (de) 1972-05-04
NO130763C (de) 1975-02-05
DK139748C (de) 1979-10-29
NL167917C (nl) 1982-02-16
CA930298A (en) 1973-07-17
AU469635B2 (en) 1976-02-19
AU3498571A (en) 1973-05-03
BE773791A (fr) 1972-04-11
USRE30009E (en) 1979-05-29
FI52306B (de) 1977-05-02
BR7107833D0 (pt) 1973-04-19
NO130763B (de) 1974-10-28

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