US3694982A - Ridge tile - Google Patents

Ridge tile Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694982A
US3694982A US74294A US3694982DA US3694982A US 3694982 A US3694982 A US 3694982A US 74294 A US74294 A US 74294A US 3694982D A US3694982D A US 3694982DA US 3694982 A US3694982 A US 3694982A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tile
ridge
ridge tile
small end
tiles
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US74294A
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English (en)
Inventor
Max Gerhaher
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1949355A external-priority patent/DE1949355C3/de
Priority claimed from DE1955924A external-priority patent/DE1955924C3/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
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Publication of US3694982A publication Critical patent/US3694982A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2916—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of the same row
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/004—Protection against birds, mice or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • E04D13/174—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for on the ridge of the roof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
    • E04D2001/304—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles at roof intersections, e.g. valley tiles, ridge tiles
    • E04D2001/305—Ridge or hip tiles

Definitions

  • SHEET 2 [1F 5 RIDGE TILE
  • the roof covering consisting generally of roofing tiles has three main functions. It serves to protect the building from rain, snow, drifting snow, ice and sunrays and for this purpose must be sufficiently watertight. It must permit of an escape of moisture from the interior of the building, where such moisture may be produced by cooking and laundering operations, moisture in the walls and floors of new buildings, industrial operations and respiration.
  • the roof covering should also help to protect the building against excessive heating and cooling.
  • Pitched roofs are generally designed as cold roofs or as cold roofs having an understructure (two-shell cold roofs).
  • the cold roof is a ventilated roof; i.e., the room under the roof covering is supplied with air and vented.
  • This design prevents thermal stresses in the roof truss and in the uppermost ceiling structure.
  • the air flowing in contact with the underside of the roof covering in the direction from the eaves to the ridge carries moisture along and removes it so that a condensation on the underside of the roof covering is prevented even when it would otherwise be enabled in view pf the outdoor temperatures.
  • air may be permitted to enter through air-permeable roofing tiles or through openings formed between the rafters and between the backing laths of two-shell cold roofs. As the air is heated and takes up moisture, it becomes lighter and rises as in a chimney in contact with the sloping surface of the roof. A sufficient supply and escape of air will depend on these effects. Means permitting of an escape of air are disposed near the ridge and have previously consisted usually of venting tiles.
  • venting tiles have always been required for venting. These venting tiles are much more expensive than conventional roofing tiles and the tiler must take care to place such venting tiles with the close spacing which is required.
  • a ridge tile which consists of a venting tile whereas its use does not involve costs in addition to those incurred in the use of the conventional ridge tiles.
  • the use of the ridge tiles according to the invention results in a reliable venting of the topmost region of the roof next to the ridge.
  • the ridge tile according to the invention is characterized in that at its small end, which is to be covered by the adjacent roof tile, only parts of its outside peripheral surface are dimensioned to match the engaging inside surface of its other end whereas other parts of the outside peripheral surface of the small end are recessed from the inside surface of the other end.
  • Mortar joints are provided at the ridge tile according to the invention only where the end of the adjacent ridge tile is supported by the engaging parts of the outside peripheral surface of the small end. No mortar joints are provided in the areas in which the small end is recessed from the inside peripheral surface of the overlying end.
  • the ridge tile according to the invention can be manufactured exactly at the same cost as conventional ridge tiles and its use results automatically and necessarily in a venting of the roof at its top.
  • an air passage is provided at each lap joint between two ridge tiles and these air passages may be relatively large because an engagement in two small areas is sufficient for a reliable support of the overlying ridge tile, the roof is vented without need for a relatively large number of the expensive conventional venting tiles previously required to vent the roof.
  • the ridge tiles can be placed in such a manner that their openings are exposed in the main direction of wind, they afford a very good protection against an ingress of drifting snow.
  • the air flow will rise along the surface of the roof and will break away at the ridge, where turbulence is created so that a protection against an ingress of drifting snow will also be afforded.
  • the vent opening will be sheltered by the preceding venting tile and will thus be protected from drifting snow.
  • the ridge tiles according to the invention are used as hip tiles, they are placed so that their opening faces the eaves. In that case they serve for a supply of air in the lower part of the hip and for venting in the upper part.
  • the ridge tile is generally cylindrical or conical and has a small end which is flattened at its top.
  • the air passage is constituted by an opening in the shape of a circular segment, which is defined between the flattened top of the small end of the ridge tile and the overlying surface of the adjacent ridge tile, which overlying surface has the shape of an arc of a circle in cross-section.
  • the small end is provided near its end face with an outwardly protruding bead, which extends throughout the outside peripheral surface. Such bead will prevent rainwater flowing on the ridge tile to its small end from entering the vent opening.
  • that end of the tile which overlies the adjacent ridge tile is provided at least in the area in which it engages the small end of the adjacent ridge tile with two inwardly protruding beads, the spacing of which is at least as large as the width of the bead on the outside of the small end.
  • the beads may be arranged to prevent a careless placing of the ridge tiles in such a manner that the air passage is almost or entirely closed by the adjacent ridge tile. If the spacing of the two inwardly protruding beads exceeds the width of the outer bead on the small end, the overlap length may be varied so that a given number of ridge tiles may be used to cover ridges having different lengths.
  • the position of the inwardly protruding rear bead on the overlying end of the ridge tile is so matched in length to the small end of the adjacent ridge tile that the vent opening can be completely covered by the upper portion of the adjacent ridge tile.
  • the venting action may be eliminated where this is desired for special reasons and the ridge tiles according to the invention may be used in the conventional manner so that they do not vent the roof.
  • the overlying ridge tile is placed so that its rear inwardly protruding bead engages the outer bead of the small end of the overlying ridge tile at the edge portions.
  • the gap which remains instead of the vent opening is closed with mortar.
  • end which overlies the adjacent ridge tile with a screen insert may also be desirable to provide that end which overlies the adjacent ridge tile with a screen insert to be disposed in the vent opening so that the protection against an ingress of drifting snow will be further increased where this is required.
  • a particularly desirable feature of the invention resides in that the ridge tile is generally cylindrical or conical and has a small end which slopes on both sides like a roof.
  • These rooflike slopes provided by the invention are highly superior to a horizontal flat.
  • the provision of the rooflike slopes results in two openings, which have a total cross-sectional area which is approximately as large as that of the opening defined by a horizontal flat.
  • birds can not slip through the divided opening.
  • a ridge tile which is designed so that a venting gap remains between the underlying end of one ridge tile, which end is smaller in cross-section, and the overlying'end of the next ridge tile, which overlying end is larger in crosssection.
  • the outside peripheral surface of the end which is smaller in cross-section is provided with a peripheral rib, which is spaced from the transition between the large and small cross-sections and prevents an ingress of water to the end.
  • a venting gap is also left between the rib and the inside peripheral surface of the overlying ridge tile.
  • the end which is smaller in cross-section extends beyond the rib and is formed in its cylindrical peripheral surface with radial vent openings extending to the inside of the end which is smaller in cross-section.
  • venting ridge tile has significant disadvantages compared to the venting ridge tile according to the invention. Owing to the peripheral air gap, it is much narrower at the base of its underlying end. On the other end, the inside width of the small end should be as large as possible to ensure that the ridge gap, which is relatively large in many roofs, is covered against an ingress of rainwater and melted snow.
  • Ridge tiles are generally joined with mortar at their base ledges to the two sides of the roof and the elevation of the ridge tile depends on the inside width of the small end because its base ledges virtually lie on the sides of the roof and are separated from these sides only by very thin mortar joints.
  • the slope of the sides of the roof results necessarily in thicker mortar joints at the base ledges of the body of the ridge tile, where the spacing between the base ledges and between the base ledges and the sides of the roof is larger than at the small end.
  • the peripheral venting gap requires that the underlying end portion is greatly reduced in thickness so that the mortar joints under the body of the ridge tile are very thick. High mortar joints tend to break out much more easily sothat the tile is no longer held in position to resist storm and is no longer sealed against the sides of the roof.
  • the known venting ridge tile has no points or surfaces where the outside surface of the underlying end is so matched in dimensions to the inside surfaces of the overlying end that the overlying ridge tile can be held in position in vertical and lateral directions.
  • the overlying end of the known venting ridge tile rests on a much thicker mortar joint so that said end will lower and compress the mortar which is still soft when the tile is placed.
  • the lowered end closes the venting gap almost completely in its top portion whereas the gap is closed anyway by the mortar in the two side portions.
  • the venting gap is often completely filled with mortar 'so that the object of the present invention is not accomplished either.
  • the two supporting parts of the small end of the venting ridge tile according to the invention hold the overlying end in position so that the venting cross-section is reliably held open.
  • venting ridge tile could be generally eliminated by the use of a matching ridge course tile, this would eliminate the main advantage of the venting ridge tile, namely the elimination of the need for special venting tiles.
  • the number of ridge course tiles which are required and are approximately as expensive as the special venting tiles is much higher than that of the venting tiles which are eliminated.
  • venting ridge tile according to the invention is free of the above-mentioned disadvantages, it can readily be placed without a special ridge course tile, regardless of the type of roofing tile and the pitch of the roof.
  • the known tile has no means which hold the tiles in position in the longitudinal direction.
  • the tiles may be unintendedly pushed together as they are placed so that the venting gap between the end face of the overlying end and the shoulder surface between the body of the ridge tile and the small end thereof may be partly or entirely closed.
  • the tiles may be unintendedly pulled apart as they are placed so that the first rib of the underlying end may register with an inner rib on the end face of the overlying end and the vent opening is almost completely closed.
  • venting ridge tile according to the invention is held in position in the longitudinal direction, the venting cross-section will be reliably kept open.
  • the known embodiment of the ridge tile cannot be made on the conventional tile presses because the above-described vent openings involve undercuts. These openings can be formed only by manual work using suitable jigs or with complicated presses and molds. Because the tiles are required in relatively small numbers, even a non-manual manufacture using expensive presses and molds is not economical.
  • venting ridge tile according to the invention has no undercuts and may be made on conventional presses just as economically as a conventional ridge tile.
  • the known venting ridge tile has a gaplike opening, which presents a much higher resistance to flow than a more compact cross-section of the same area.
  • the gaplike venting opening which is filled with mortar on both sides approximately in the lower one-third, is much smaller in cross-sectional area than the opening which is defined by the venting ridge tile according to the invention and which has the shape of a segment of a circle in crosssection and in which also only the lower one-third, approximately, is not utilized for venting because there are mating lateral surfaces.
  • the flat of the venting ridge tile according to the invention has the further advantage that a U-shaped screen insert having straight flanges may be used so that the protection against drifting snow will be further increased.
  • the manufacture of a screen insert having curved flanges for the known ridge tile is much more expensive.
  • the generally triangular shape of the small end of the generally cylindrical or conical ridge tile results in the further advantage that the overlying ridge tile is held in position not only laterally but also vertically. Additional advantages reside in that the water is removed better from the rooflike sloping surfaces and water which is retained by ice can drain off. Airborne snow can close only the opening on the lee side whereas the other opening facing the wind remains exposed. Finally, the ridge tile according to the invention results in a more pleasant appearance because the ridge line is not so strongly serrated in a side view. The ridge tiles are vertically positioned even more exactly than the last-mentioned known ridge tile.
  • the two rooflike slopes on both sides of the ridge tile may be straight or curved.
  • a bead may be provided adjacent to the end face of the underlying end of the ridge tile and may be higher in the lower portion than elsewhere.
  • the protection afi'orded by the ridge tile against an ingress of retained water is much increased whereas the air flow cross-section is not appreciably increased.
  • the rooflike slopes of the small end of the ridge tile become progressively flatter towards the end face and terminate in a horizontal flat.
  • the two openings existing at the beginning of the overlap area merge into a single opening which has the shape of a segment of a circle and a horizontal base and the free cross-section in the overlap area is approximately constant.
  • This embodiment of the invention affords an even higher safety against an ingress of retained water because the horizontally flat and the bead to be overflown by the water are on a much higher level than the lowermost portions of the two air passages where the water can drain unless it is retained by thawing and freezing snow.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the overlap area of two conventional ridge tiles
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line IIII of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 and showing the overlap area of two ridge tiles according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line IVIV of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the overlap area of two ridge tiles according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6a is a sectional view taken on VI abVI ab in FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 6b shows the same sectional view as is shown in FIG. 6, however in a slightly changed execution.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the overlap area of two ridge tiles according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 8a and 8b show two sectional views taken on lines VIIIaVIIIa and VIIIb-VIIIb, respectively, in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken on line IXIX in FIG. 8b and FIGS. 10a and 10b show two sectional views taken on lines Xa-Xa and Xb-Xb, respectively, in FIG. 7.
  • the overlying end 3 of the ridge tile 1 is provided with an inner bead 2, which lies directly on the small end 4 of the ridge tile 5.
  • the outer bead 6 of the ridge tile 5 engages the inner bead of the ridge tile 1 from behind so that the ridge tiles are held in position.
  • the joint is filled with mortar 15. It is apparent from the drawing that these con entional ridge tiles do not provide for a passage of air.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the overlap area of two ridge tiles according to the invention.
  • the overlying end 8 of the ridge tile 7 has in this embodiment two inner beads 9 and 10.
  • the small end 11 of the ridge tile 12 is flattened so that an air passage 13 in the form of a segment of a circle is defined between its top and the cylindrical inside surface of the overlying end 8 of the ridge tile 7.
  • This air passage results in the advantages described hereinbefore.
  • the small end of the ridge tile is provided with an outer bead 14, which adjacent to the edges extends between the inner beads 9 and 10 of the overlying end 8 of the adjacent ridge tile 7 so that adjacent tiles are held in position. Adjacent to the flat, the outer bead l4 prevents an ingress of rainwater into the roof.
  • a screen insert may be inserted into the opening 13 so that an ingress of drifting snow will be most reliably prevented.
  • the overlying end 16 of the ridge tile is provided on its inside in the area which engages the small end of the adjacent ridge tile with two juxtaposed beads 17 and 18.
  • the small end 19 of the ridge tile 20 is sloped like a roof so that two air passages 21 are formed between the slopes 25 and 26 and the ridge tile 15 having an arcuate portion which covers these slopes. These passages are defined by straight lines and arcs.
  • the rooflike slopes may be curved (25) (FIG. 6b) or straight (26) (FIG. 6a).
  • the bead 17 of the rooflike sloping end of the ridge tile 20 extends into the grooves defined by the beads 17 and 18 of the overlying ridge tile 15 so that the latter is supported at its top and on both sides and is held in position.
  • the bead 22 is higher at its lower end 23 than elsewhere to increase the protection against an ingress of water.
  • a ridge tile according to the invention having a small end which is first sloped like a roof and terminates in a horizontal flat at its end face is shown in FIGS. 7 to 10.
  • the overlying end 28 of the ridge tile 27 is provided on its inside on both sides with a head 29, which behind the bead .35 extends into the grooves 30 formed on both sides in the small end 31 of the underlying ridge tile 32 so that the ridge tiles are held in position in the longitudinal direction.
  • the small end 31 has a flat horizontal top adjacent to its end face 33 and defines with the end 28 of the overlying ridge tile an air passage 34 in the shape of a segment of a circle.
  • This passage is apparent from 8b hand.
  • the sections represented in FIG. 8a, 8b and 10a, 10b show how the horizontally flattened portion of the small end gradually merges into rooflike slopes.
  • the arched opening 36 is apparent from FIG. 8a, FIG. 10b a shows adjacent to the section line Xb-Xb the rooflike slopes 37, which together with the end 28 of the overlying ridge tile define on both sides respective arcuately bounded openings 38. It is apparent from FIG.
  • the rooflike slopes 37 gradually merge adjacent to the section line XaXa into the cylindrical cross-section 39 of the ridge tile 32.
  • the top edge 42 of the bead is on a much higher level than the lowermost portions 43 of the openings 38, where the water can drain.
  • Novel ridge tile to be used for venting roofs comprising a member having a small end and a large end, a
  • a ridge tile according to claim 1 is generally formed cylindrical or conical and having the small end flattened at its top.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 1 wherein the small end is provided near its end face with an outwardly protruding bead, which extends throughout the outside peripheral surface.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 3 wherein the large end of said tile which overlies the adjacent ridge tile is provided at least in the area in which it engages the small end of the adjacent ridge tile with two inwardly protruding heads, the spacing of which is at least as large as the width of the outer bead of the small end.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 1 wherein the ridge tile is generally cylindrical or conical and has a small end which is sloped on both sides' like a roof.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 5 wherein the tile is provided adjacent to the end face of its small end with a bead, which is higher in the lower portion than elsewhere.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 8 wherein double beads are provided on the inside surface of the larger end of the tile at the center and on both sides.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 5 wherein the pitch of the rooflike slopes of the small end of the ridge tile decreases progressively towards the end face and these slopes terminate in a horizontal flat.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 10 wherein the end face of the horizontally flattened end of the ridge tile is provided with a bead.
  • a ridge tile according to claim 11 wherein the large end of the ridge tile is provided on the inside on both sides with beads, and grooves are defined on both sides of the ridge tiles small end so that in the lap joint the beads of the large end of one tile are received in the grooves of the adjacent tiles small end thus connecting said tiles together by means of said beads and grooves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US74294A 1969-09-30 1970-09-22 Ridge tile Expired - Lifetime US3694982A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1949355A DE1949355C3 (de) 1969-09-30 1969-09-30 Firstziegel
DE1955924A DE1955924C3 (de) 1969-11-06 1969-11-06 Firstziegel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3694982A true US3694982A (en) 1972-10-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US74294A Expired - Lifetime US3694982A (en) 1969-09-30 1970-09-22 Ridge tile

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US3694982A (no)
JP (1) JPS5014811B1 (no)
AT (1) AT303342B (no)
AU (1) AU2034870A (no)
BE (1) BE756683A (no)
CH (1) CH515396A (no)
CS (1) CS177813B2 (no)
DK (1) DK129731B (no)
ES (1) ES384050A1 (no)
FR (1) FR2062831A5 (no)
GB (1) GB1326938A (no)
NL (1) NL7014324A (no)
NO (1) NO127360B (no)
PL (1) PL73315B1 (no)
SE (1) SE348788B (no)
YU (1) YU31788B (no)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4546577A (en) * 1982-06-04 1985-10-15 Max Gerhaher Ridge tile
US4977730A (en) * 1989-09-06 1990-12-18 National Concrete Masonry Association Roof paver element and system
US5009149A (en) * 1989-01-05 1991-04-23 Tapco Products Company, Inc. Roof vent
US6715253B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2004-04-06 Valinge Aluminium Ab Locking system for floorboards
US20090163134A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Seraphim Group, Inc. Integrated tile ridge vent system
US20100112932A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Ridge Vent
USD710985S1 (en) 2012-10-10 2014-08-12 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Roof vent
US10370855B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2019-08-06 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Roof deck intake vent

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51153618U (no) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-08
GB2123050B (en) * 1982-06-25 1986-01-29 Marley Roof Tile Roof ridge capping system
DE4310420C1 (de) * 1993-03-31 1994-08-18 Ossenberg Schule & Soehne Vorrichtung zur Befestigung von Firstabdeckungen am Dachfirst einer Dacheindeckung
AT526021A1 (de) * 2022-04-05 2023-10-15 Eternit Oesterreich Gmbh First- / Grat-Stein
AT526020A1 (de) * 2022-04-05 2023-10-15 Eternit Oesterreich Gmbh First- /Grat-Abdeckelement

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20736A (en) * 1858-06-29 Eire and burglar proof safe
DE464397C (de) * 1928-08-22 Carl Ludowici K A A Fa Firstziegel
US2624298A (en) * 1951-09-04 1953-01-06 Farren Roy Tile roof structure
US2981072A (en) * 1957-02-21 1961-04-25 Philip J Brewington Drain pipe joint

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20736A (en) * 1858-06-29 Eire and burglar proof safe
DE464397C (de) * 1928-08-22 Carl Ludowici K A A Fa Firstziegel
US2624298A (en) * 1951-09-04 1953-01-06 Farren Roy Tile roof structure
US2981072A (en) * 1957-02-21 1961-04-25 Philip J Brewington Drain pipe joint

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4546577A (en) * 1982-06-04 1985-10-15 Max Gerhaher Ridge tile
US5009149A (en) * 1989-01-05 1991-04-23 Tapco Products Company, Inc. Roof vent
US4977730A (en) * 1989-09-06 1990-12-18 National Concrete Masonry Association Roof paver element and system
US6715253B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2004-04-06 Valinge Aluminium Ab Locking system for floorboards
US20090163134A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Seraphim Group, Inc. Integrated tile ridge vent system
US20100112932A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Ridge Vent
US10151500B2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2018-12-11 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Ridge vent
USD710985S1 (en) 2012-10-10 2014-08-12 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Roof vent
US10370855B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2019-08-06 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Roof deck intake vent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2062831A5 (no) 1971-06-25
CH515396A (de) 1971-11-15
CS177813B2 (no) 1977-08-31
GB1326938A (en) 1973-08-15
YU31788B (en) 1973-10-31
YU234170A (en) 1973-04-30
NL7014324A (no) 1971-04-01
AT303342B (de) 1972-11-27
SE348788B (no) 1972-09-11
DK129731C (no) 1975-04-21
PL73315B1 (no) 1974-08-30
JPS5014811B1 (no) 1975-05-30
AU2034870A (en) 1972-03-30
NO127360B (no) 1973-06-12
ES384050A1 (es) 1973-01-01
BE756683A (fr) 1971-03-01
DK129731B (da) 1974-11-11

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