US3692583A - Desmutting etched aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Desmutting etched aluminum alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3692583A US3692583A US119885A US3692583DA US3692583A US 3692583 A US3692583 A US 3692583A US 119885 A US119885 A US 119885A US 3692583D A US3692583D A US 3692583DA US 3692583 A US3692583 A US 3692583A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- deposit
- containing solution
- peroxydiphosphate
- aluminum alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 73
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- KQCYUUCXUXWWBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O KQCYUUCXUXWWBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000221561 Ustilaginales Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQCGLNQNFNNWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L aluminum;sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PQCGLNQNFNNWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NUGJFLYPGQISPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxydiphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OOP(O)(O)=O NUGJFLYPGQISPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YVDPOVXIRVBNAL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonatooxy phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OOP([O-])([O-])=O YVDPOVXIRVBNAL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
- C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3945—Organic per-compounds
Definitions
- smut can be removed from aluminum alloy surfaces which are smutted as a result of treatment with an aqueous treating bath rapidly and effectively, and without damage to the aluminum, to produce bright surfaces, by using an aqueous solution containing enough mineral acid to get a pH of about 3.0 or lower, and preferably 0.2 to 0.7 (about 2 to 60% by weight of acid, preferably 10 to 30%), and 0.1 to 10% (and preferably 1 to 54%) by weight of a soluble peroxydiphosphate (calculated as potassium peroxydiphos phate).
- the solutions will clean and brighten typical caustic-etched or otherwise smutted surfaces in a short time, of the order of a few seconds to a few minutes, at temperatures from about ambient to the boiling point, preferably 40 to 60 C.
- the peroxydiphosphate ion may come from any soluble peroxydiphosphate, but is preferably the potassium salt K P O since this is commercially available.
- Acid concentrations vary from about 2 to 60% by Weight, preferably to 30%.
- the concentration should be high enough to give a pH of not higher than about ice 3.0, with optimum speed being obtained in the range of 0.2 to 0.7.
- concentration and time needed will of course vary with the depth of smut deposit on the aluminum, with higher concentration and greater time being required to treat heavier deposits.
- compositions may contain wetting agents to improve wetting of the surface, surface-treating agents such as fluoride, and even organic solvents if they are desired to treat the metal surface.
- the cleaning reaction will go at ambient temperatures or lower, but is facilitated by mild heat. About 40 to 60 C. is the preferred temperature range. We prefer to avoid higher temperatures because they produce uncomfortable working conditions, but temperatures up to the boiling point may be used without interfering with the cleaning.
- the process produces bright, smooth surfaces, free of residual films, in very short time, from as low as about 2 seconds under optimum conditions to about 5 minutes with heavy deposits and weaker solution.
- Other advantages are lack of attack on the metal surface, and absence of toxic or corrosive fumes.
- the solution is nontoxic, and can readily be se'wered after filtering out and neutralizing.
- Nitrate containing solutions were excluded from the test because of heavy evolution of nitric oxides.
- Solution B-Chrornate containing solution removed the black deposit, however, the surface remained dull and yellowish.
- Solution C-Peroxydisulfate containing solution removed the black deposit incompletely. A layer of red deposit remained.
- Solution 1--Peroxydiphosphate containing solution removed the smut completely, leaving a bright surface.
- Solution BChron1ate containing solution did not remove the copper deposit completely. The deposit was removed when the surface was rinsed with running water.
- Solution CPeroxydisulfate containing solution did not remove the smut. The deposit was not removed even by rubbing the surface after rinsing.
- Solution 1--Peroxydiphosphate containing solution did not remove the deposit completely. The deposit was removed by rubbing slightly after rinsing.
- Solution B-Chromate containing solution removed the deposit, surface was coated with heavy yellowish film.
- Solution C-Peroxydisulfate containing solution did not remove the deposit. The deposit was removed when the surface was rinsed with running water.
- Solution 1Peroxydiphosphate containing solution removed the smut completely, leaving a bright surface.
- EXAMPLE 4 Tests were made with 6063 alloy, nominal composition of which is 0.4% silicon, 0.7% magnesium, balance aluminum. Panels were etched at 60 to 70 C. with 8% NaOH solution for minutes, until they were covered with black coating, rinsed and treated with the test solutions of Example 1 at 50 C. for seconds.
- Solution A-Hydrogen peroxide containing solution removed the black coating incompletely, leaving a dark film.
- Solution B-Chromate containing solution removed the black coating incompletely, leaving a dark film.
- Solution CPeroxydisulfate containing solution removed the black deposit incompletely, leaving grey spots.
- Solution 1--Peroxydiphosphate containing solution removed the smut completely, leaving a clean surface.
- Solution A-Hydrogen peroxide containing solution removed black coating, however some dark film was left.
- Solution EChromate containing solution removed the black deposit, however the surface remained covered with a yellowish grey film.
- Solution 1Peroxydiphosphate containing solution removed the black coating completely, leaving a clean and bright surface.
- Panels were etched at 60 to 70 C. with 8% NaOH solution for 10 minutes, rinsed and treated with test solution at 50 C. for 20 seconds.
- Solution DHydrogen peroxide containing solution re moved the film, leaving a shiny surface.
- Solution EChromate containing solution removed the film, however the surface remained with yellow-grey spots.
- Solution F-Peroxydisulfate containing solution removed the film, however the surface remained dull.
- Solution 2Peroxydiphosphate containing solution removed the film, leaving a shiny surface superior to that obtained with hydrogen peroxide.
- EXAMPLE 7 Tests were made with 1060 alloy (99.60% aluminum, 0.25% silicon, 0.35% iron, 0.05% copper, 0.03% manganese, 0.03% magnesium, 0.05% zinc, 0.03% titanium). After boiling with tap water for 8 hours, the surface was covered with a black deposit. The cleaning solutions were applied at 50 C. for 20 seconds.
- Solution FAmmonium persulfate containing solution removed the coating partially.
- the method of desmutting an aluminum alloy which has been treated with an aqueous liquid and carries on its surface a resultant black smut which comprises heating the smutted alloy with an aqueous solution containing in solution from 0.1 to 10% of a peroxydiphosphate calculated as K P O equivalent, and a mineral acid which is not attacked by the peroxydiphosphate, in quantity sufficient to get a pH of 3.0 or less, for a time sufficient to desmut the alloy.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11988571A | 1971-03-01 | 1971-03-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3692583A true US3692583A (en) | 1972-09-19 |
Family
ID=22386993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US119885A Expired - Lifetime US3692583A (en) | 1971-03-01 | 1971-03-01 | Desmutting etched aluminum alloys |
Country Status (11)
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3969135A (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1976-07-13 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Low temperature aluminum cleaning composition and process |
| US4244792A (en) * | 1980-02-26 | 1981-01-13 | Hixson Metal Finishing | Method for stripping anodized aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| EP0281176A1 (de) * | 1987-02-21 | 1988-09-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Vorbereitung von Werkstücken aus Aluminium oder dessen legierungen für die Lackierung |
| WO1997003227A1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-01-30 | Kalinic Praha Spol. S.R.O. | Surface treatment of products made of aluminium and aluminium alloys |
| WO2002022911A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-21 | Ecolab Inc. | Cleaning composition and methods for manufacturing and using |
| WO2002086197A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-31 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method of plating and pretreating aluminium workpieces |
| US20040115468A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-06-17 | Joseph Wijenberg Jacques Hubert Olga | Brazing product and method of manufacturing a brazing product |
| US20040121180A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-24 | Wittebrood Adrianus Jacobus | Brazing sheet product and method of its manufacture |
| US20040131879A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-08 | Wittebrood Adrianus Jacobus | Brazing sheet product and method of its manufacture |
| US20060121306A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-06-08 | Jacques Hubert Olga Wijenberg | Brazing product and method of its manufacture |
| US20060157352A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-20 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method of electroplating and pre-treating aluminium workpieces |
-
1971
- 1971-03-01 US US119885A patent/US3692583A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-02-12 IT IT20531/72A patent/IT947542B/it active
- 1972-02-18 DE DE19722207728 patent/DE2207728A1/de active Pending
- 1972-02-21 FR FR7205797A patent/FR2128342B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-02-23 BE BE779737A patent/BE779737A/xx unknown
- 1972-02-24 JP JP7218572A patent/JPS536619B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-02-25 CH CH274072A patent/CH577034A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-02-28 GB GB910872A patent/GB1349423A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-02-28 ES ES400229A patent/ES400229A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-02-29 NO NO623/72A patent/NO131206C/no unknown
- 1972-03-01 NL NL7202670A patent/NL7202670A/xx unknown
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3969135A (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1976-07-13 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Low temperature aluminum cleaning composition and process |
| US4244792A (en) * | 1980-02-26 | 1981-01-13 | Hixson Metal Finishing | Method for stripping anodized aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| EP0281176A1 (de) * | 1987-02-21 | 1988-09-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Vorbereitung von Werkstücken aus Aluminium oder dessen legierungen für die Lackierung |
| WO1997003227A1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-01-30 | Kalinic Praha Spol. S.R.O. | Surface treatment of products made of aluminium and aluminium alloys |
| WO2002022911A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-21 | Ecolab Inc. | Cleaning composition and methods for manufacturing and using |
| US6982241B2 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2006-01-03 | Ecolab Inc. | Cleaning composition comprising an inorganic acid mixture and a cationic surfactant |
| US6489281B1 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2002-12-03 | Ecolab Inc. | Cleaning composition comprising inorganic acids, an oxidant, and a cationic surfactant |
| US6846401B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2005-01-25 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method of plating and pretreating aluminium workpieces |
| WO2002086197A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-31 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method of plating and pretreating aluminium workpieces |
| AU2002316865B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2006-07-20 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method of plating and pretreating aluminium workpieces |
| CN1304643C (zh) * | 2001-04-20 | 2007-03-14 | 克里斯铝轧制品有限公司 | 镀覆和预处理铝件方法 |
| US20040115468A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-06-17 | Joseph Wijenberg Jacques Hubert Olga | Brazing product and method of manufacturing a brazing product |
| US6994919B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2006-02-07 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Brazing product and method of manufacturing a brazing product |
| US20060121306A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-06-08 | Jacques Hubert Olga Wijenberg | Brazing product and method of its manufacture |
| US7294411B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2007-11-13 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Brazing product and method of its manufacture |
| US20040121180A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-24 | Wittebrood Adrianus Jacobus | Brazing sheet product and method of its manufacture |
| US20040131879A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-08 | Wittebrood Adrianus Jacobus | Brazing sheet product and method of its manufacture |
| US7056597B2 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2006-06-06 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Brazing sheet product and method of its manufacture |
| US7078111B2 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2006-07-18 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Brazing sheet product and method of its manufacture |
| US20060157352A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-20 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method of electroplating and pre-treating aluminium workpieces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH577034A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-06-30 |
| NO131206C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-04-23 |
| DE2207728A1 (de) | 1972-10-19 |
| NL7202670A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-09-05 |
| JPS536619B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-03-09 |
| FR2128342A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-10-20 |
| NO131206B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-01-13 |
| BE779737A (fr) | 1972-08-23 |
| GB1349423A (en) | 1974-04-03 |
| ES400229A1 (es) | 1974-12-16 |
| FR2128342B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-07-23 |
| IT947542B (it) | 1973-05-30 |
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