US3692026A - Underwater breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Underwater breathing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3692026A
US3692026A US867610A US3692026DA US3692026A US 3692026 A US3692026 A US 3692026A US 867610 A US867610 A US 867610A US 3692026D A US3692026D A US 3692026DA US 3692026 A US3692026 A US 3692026A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
canister
oxygen
bag
breathing apparatus
underwater breathing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US867610A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frederick Tepper
John W Mausteller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MSA Safety Inc
Original Assignee
Mine Safety Appliances Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mine Safety Appliances Co filed Critical Mine Safety Appliances Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3692026A publication Critical patent/US3692026A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C11/24—Air supply carried by diver in closed circulation

Definitions

  • Another conduit connects the outlet of UNITED STATES TENTS the canister with an inhalation bag and the mouthpIece.
  • the outlet of a pressure tank contalnmg 1;; E t-" 2 a mixture of oxygen and a diluting gas is connected by am er sen d 1 th l t d 2,906,262 9/1959 Braunstein ..12s/142.2 adema W eme 7 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure l I L 3 t /4 1 /2 wi l 2-.) 7 '9 I 5 /7 z I g 1 1 '11 i I l i 79 ii i I!
  • the problem is to maintain a safe oxygen partial pressure, regardless of the depth at which the diver works, without reducing a sufficient supply of oxygen for supporting him while he is working.
  • FIGURE is a perspective view, with parts broken away, of the breathing apparatus carried by a diver.
  • a canister l preferably rectangular, is provided withstraps 2 for carrying it on the back of a diver.
  • partitions 3 and 4 are two laterally spaced partitions 3 and 4 spaced a short distance from the ends of the canister to form end chambers 5 and 6 having openings 7 and 8 at their upper'ends.
  • Each partition is formed from a filterand a screen, and the relatively large area between the partitions is filled with a granular bed 9 of a chemical that will produce oxygen andabsorb carbon dioxide when the user of this apparatus exhales into the chemical.
  • the most suitable chemical is K0, although there are other alkali metal superoxides that could be used, such as sodium superoxide.
  • the customary check valves are provided to permit flow in only one direction.
  • the exhalation hose is provided with a fitting 14 that puts it in communication with an exhalation breathing bag 15 hanging over the chest of the diver.
  • This bag is provided with a normally closed exhaust check valve 16.
  • the other hose is provided with a similar fitting l7 connecting it with an inhalation breathing bag 18.
  • Extending downwardly from each of the chamber openings 7 and 8 is a. rigid tube 19 that is open at its lower end, which preferably is located in about the center of the chamber.
  • each tube 19 should be above any water that may have entered the canister chambers.
  • the open end of each tube may open into the top of a small cup 20, the open end of which faces the adjacent screen and filter. If desired, only one breathing bag could be used.
  • the partial pressure of the oxygen in the breathing circuit is likely to increase as the diver descends through the water and the ambient pressure increases.
  • the danger of oxygen toxicity increases, with fatal results if the diver goesdeep enough.
  • This dangerous condition is prevented, according to this invention,by incorporating in the apparatus a pressure bottle or tank 22 containing a diluting gas, preferably helium.
  • a secondary purpose of this supplementary gas is to pressure balance the system to compensate for increases in depth.
  • This tank can be attached to the bottom of the canister and is provided with an outletvalve 23.
  • the outlet valve is connected through a demand regulator or valve 24 with the inlet hose. This connection can be made by connecting the outlet of the demand valve, by means of a tube 25, with canister chamber 6, to which the inlet hose is connected.
  • the gas in the tank contains a lowconoentration of oxygen, depending upon the depth at which the diver is to work.
  • the mixture may contain only about 3 percent oxygen for a depth of around a couple hundred feet. Even less oxygen is used when the diver is to go to a materially greater depth. Every time the diver inhales he causes a reduction in pressure in the inhalation bag 18 and the related canister chamber 6 and this causes the demand regulator to open and allow a pulse of the gas mixture from the tank to be added to the breathing system. The demand regulator therefore will feed in the mixture in a quantity that is approximately proportional to the work rate.
  • the percentage of oxygen in the breathing gas flowing through the breathing circuit decreases, due to the diluting effect of the added gas mixture and the continuous dumping of excess oxygen and exhaled air through the exhaust valve, but the actual amount of oxygen within the circuit remains relatively constant so that the amount of oxygen inhaled by the diver with each breath stays substantially the same.
  • the reduction in the percentage of oxygen keeps the partial oxygen pressure from building up toward the danger point.
  • bypass 27 for the gas mixture around the demand valve, the bypass being controlled by a manually operated needle valve 28.
  • This valve may be set to allow a continuous trickle of gas from the tank into chamber 6 of the canister so that there will always be a minimum supply of oxygen to the diver even if the chemical fails to produce oxygen.
  • This bypass also allows the diver to adjust the size of the breathing bags by inflating them more or less.
  • the oxygen composition used at depth would be substantially below the 20 percent necessary to support the diver at sea level. Oxygen could be added during ascent by means of another bottle (not shown). However, it is preferred to turn off the helium purge system and allow the normal oxygen overproduction of the chemical to satisfy the higher percentage of oxygen necessary at shallow depths.
  • Underwater breathing apparatus comprising a canister having an inlet and an outlet, a bed of oxygen producing and carbon dioxide absorbing chemical in the canister between said inlet and outlet and constituting the primary oxygen source, a mouthpiece, an exhalation conduit connecting the mouthpiece with said canister inlet, an inhalation conduit connecting said canister outlet with said mouthpiece, a breathing bag connected with one of said conduits and provided with a normally closed exhaust check valve, a pressure tank containing a mixture of oxygen and a diluting gas and having an outlet, and means including a demand valve connecting the tank outlet with said inhalation conduit every time inhalation reduces the pressure in the inhalation conduit.
  • Underwater breathing apparatus including manually adjustable means bypassing said demand valve for continually delivering a restricted stream of said mixture from the tank to said inlet conduit.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
US867610A 1969-10-20 1969-10-20 Underwater breathing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3692026A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86761069A 1969-10-20 1969-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3692026A true US3692026A (en) 1972-09-19

Family

ID=25350127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US867610A Expired - Lifetime US3692026A (en) 1969-10-20 1969-10-20 Underwater breathing apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3692026A (de)
DE (1) DE2049747B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2066245A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1302686A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910780A (en) * 1973-06-14 1975-10-07 Hydro Membronics Inc Separative barrier for preferential transport of CO{HD 2 {B and apparatus employing same
US4409978A (en) * 1980-06-16 1983-10-18 Portable Air Supply Systems, Corp. Portable, self-contained breathing apparatus
GB2188553A (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Coal Ind Improved breathing apparatus
US4964404A (en) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-23 Stone William C Breathing apparatus
WO1991017081A1 (fr) * 1990-04-27 1991-11-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Appareil respiratoire utilise dans l'eau
US5613488A (en) * 1994-04-02 1997-03-25 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Chemical oxygen generator breathing device with the exhalation bag within the inhalation bag
US20040003811A1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2004-01-08 Alan-Izhar Bodner Open-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
US6684881B2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2004-02-03 Fraanberg Oskar Rechargeable breathing apparatus particularly an apparatus for divers
US20060201508A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-09-14 Forsyth David E Self contained breathing apparatus combined duration factor for breathing systems
US20060201509A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-09-14 Forsyth David E Self contained breathing apparatus modular control system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191006966A (en) * 1910-03-19 1910-12-31 Alexander Bernhard Drager Improvements in or relating to Portable Breathing Apparatus.
DE461873C (de) * 1924-12-24 1928-07-02 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Sauerstoffatmungsgeraet
US1843032A (en) * 1929-04-10 1932-01-26 Koch Edmund Respirator
US2456130A (en) * 1945-01-31 1948-12-14 Christian J Lambertsen Breathing apparatus
US2906262A (en) * 1957-04-25 1959-09-29 Melvin A Braunstein Self contained breathing apparatus
US3148034A (en) * 1958-09-26 1964-09-08 Mine Safety Appliances Co Oxygen generating canisters for closed circuit breathing apparatus
US3402711A (en) * 1964-01-06 1968-09-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Breathing apparatus
US3403981A (en) * 1964-09-22 1968-10-01 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Oxygen producing canister

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191006966A (en) * 1910-03-19 1910-12-31 Alexander Bernhard Drager Improvements in or relating to Portable Breathing Apparatus.
DE461873C (de) * 1924-12-24 1928-07-02 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Sauerstoffatmungsgeraet
US1843032A (en) * 1929-04-10 1932-01-26 Koch Edmund Respirator
US2456130A (en) * 1945-01-31 1948-12-14 Christian J Lambertsen Breathing apparatus
US2906262A (en) * 1957-04-25 1959-09-29 Melvin A Braunstein Self contained breathing apparatus
US3148034A (en) * 1958-09-26 1964-09-08 Mine Safety Appliances Co Oxygen generating canisters for closed circuit breathing apparatus
US3402711A (en) * 1964-01-06 1968-09-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Breathing apparatus
US3403981A (en) * 1964-09-22 1968-10-01 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Oxygen producing canister

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910780A (en) * 1973-06-14 1975-10-07 Hydro Membronics Inc Separative barrier for preferential transport of CO{HD 2 {B and apparatus employing same
US4409978A (en) * 1980-06-16 1983-10-18 Portable Air Supply Systems, Corp. Portable, self-contained breathing apparatus
GB2188553A (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Coal Ind Improved breathing apparatus
US4964404A (en) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-23 Stone William C Breathing apparatus
WO1991017081A1 (fr) * 1990-04-27 1991-11-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Appareil respiratoire utilise dans l'eau
US5613488A (en) * 1994-04-02 1997-03-25 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Chemical oxygen generator breathing device with the exhalation bag within the inhalation bag
US6684881B2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2004-02-03 Fraanberg Oskar Rechargeable breathing apparatus particularly an apparatus for divers
US20040003811A1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2004-01-08 Alan-Izhar Bodner Open-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
US7278422B2 (en) * 2000-11-15 2007-10-09 Alan-Izhar Bodner Open-circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
US20060201508A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-09-14 Forsyth David E Self contained breathing apparatus combined duration factor for breathing systems
US20060201509A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-09-14 Forsyth David E Self contained breathing apparatus modular control system
US7497216B2 (en) 2004-08-30 2009-03-03 Forsyth David E Self contained breathing apparatus modular control system
US20090188501A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2009-07-30 Forsyth David E Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Modular Control System

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2049747A1 (de) 1971-05-19
GB1302686A (de) 1973-01-10
DE2049747C3 (de) 1974-02-28
FR2066245A5 (de) 1971-08-06
DE2049747B2 (de) 1973-08-02

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