EP0203133B1 - Sekundär-system zur lebensrettung - Google Patents

Sekundär-system zur lebensrettung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0203133B1
EP0203133B1 EP85905862A EP85905862A EP0203133B1 EP 0203133 B1 EP0203133 B1 EP 0203133B1 EP 85905862 A EP85905862 A EP 85905862A EP 85905862 A EP85905862 A EP 85905862A EP 0203133 B1 EP0203133 B1 EP 0203133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rebreather
gas
diver
breathing
life support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85905862A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0203133A1 (de
Inventor
Derek William Clarke
Brian Murray
Donald Lynn Rodocker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gas Services Offshore Ltd
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Gas Services Offshore Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gas Services Offshore Ltd filed Critical Gas Services Offshore Ltd
Priority to AT85905862T priority Critical patent/ATE51829T1/de
Publication of EP0203133A1 publication Critical patent/EP0203133A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0203133B1 publication Critical patent/EP0203133B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C11/24—Air supply carried by diver in closed circulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a secondary life support (SLS) system designed specifically for use im bail-out by divers, particularly bail-out during deep diving operations.
  • SLS secondary life support
  • Conventional bail-out equipment of the type shown in US Patent 3680556 comprises compressed breathing gas in a bottle with a connecting hose or hoses and demand regulator valving allowing a diver to breath down the gas from the bottle. This is an open circuit system and the breathed gas is expelled from the divers helmet or mask.
  • deep diving operations e.g. 450 metres depth, 45 bar pressure
  • the quantity of breathing gas which can be carried e.g. 4 litres at 300 bar
  • a short period of time e.g. about 20 to 90 seconds
  • Conventional divers primary life support systems operate on a demand principle and are normally supplied with gas from a remote source (e.g. either from the surface or from a diving bell).
  • a diver may require a bail-out if there is a failure in the primary system, e.g. if his umbilical supply line becomes damaged, disconnected or caught up.
  • the bail-out duration should allow sufficient time for the diver to return to safety [e.g. to a diving bell] or for a rescue to be made.
  • Secondary life support systems of the type shown by DE-A-2104153 (Dragerwerk) and "Mark VIII" of "Machine Design Vol. 40 No. 25” comprise a semi-closed rebreather set according to the first part of claim 1 which includes a breathing circuit with inhale and exhale hoses coupled to the interface of the diver's headgear, at least one counterlung, a moisture separator and a carbon dioxide scrubber, these three components coupled to at least one of said hoses.
  • the breathing circuit is connected to a secondary source of pressurized breathing gas, there being a gas flow restrictor in the connecting conduit means.
  • the system may include means for isolating the secondary gas source from the breathing circuit of the rebreather set in the standby mode and connecting the secondary gas source to the breathing circuit to provide a controlled supply of breathing gas in the actuated mode.
  • the present invention according to the characterising part of Claim 1 provides such a system characterised by a valve positioned between the breathing circuit of the rebreather and the helmet interface whereby, in the standby mode the diver can breathe from the primary gas supply and is prevented from breathing through the rebreather set as the valve isolates the rebreather set from the helmet interface. In the actuated mode the valve connects the rebreather set and the interface and isolates the interface from the primary gas supply to allow the diver to breathe through the rebreather set.
  • the present invention is further characterised by conduit means for connecting the primary breathing gas supply, via a regulator, to the rebreather set when in standby mode.
  • the overpressure may be, for example, about 4 bar but a preferred over-pressure of about 0.1 to 0.2 bar is considered sufficient.
  • a divers secondary life support system includes a semi-closed circuit bail-out rebreather set having a counterlung 1 connected via a single hose 2 to a helmet 3, with an isolating valve 4 mounted on the helmet.
  • prior art rebreather sets for use in standard diving operations e.g. closed circuit oxygen rebreathers of the type shown in US Patent 4362154 (LeMasson)
  • a conventional bottle 5 of approximately 4 litres water volume is used for make-up gas storage at a pressure of e.g. 200 to 300 bar.
  • the outlet pressure of this make-up gas is regulated to a pressure in excess of the ambient external pressure and when the set is in the actuated mode for bail-out the gas is allowed to bleed via a restrictor 6 into the counterlung at a fixed rate of e.g. 1 to 2 litres per minute.
  • the make-up gas preferably has a physiologically high oxygen content of up to about 2.5 bar partial pressure.
  • the set In the standby mode the set may be maintained at a predetermined pressure relative to the external ambient pressure; it is particularly preferable to have an over-pressure in the set in the standby mode of up to approximately 4 bar, e.g. generally about 0.1 to 0.2 bar.
  • a back pack 7 the hose 2 splits into separate inhale and exhale hoses 8 and 9, which pass through a moisture absorber 10 and a C0 2 scrubber 11 on the exhale/cycle.
  • the major system components, including the C0 2 scrubber 11 are heated in normal operation by a bleed 12 taken from the normal diver hot water supply.
  • the back pack 7 is preferably insulated against external cold. Heating of the C0 2 scrubber 11 in the standby mode maintains the chemical absorbent (e.g. soda lime) at a temperature at which it will operate efficiently if the set is put into the acuated mode for bail-out.
  • chemical absorbent e.g. soda lime
  • a thermal regenerator consisting of layers of fine wire mesh may be placed upstream of the counterlung to prevent heat loss via the large surface area of the counterlung.
  • the isolating valve 4 When bail-out is required, the isolating valve 4 is opened and the counterlung will immediately vent any over-pressure into the helmet. Depending on the nature of the emergency, this immediate supply of gas may be of value in purging the helmet. The helmet mushroom valve will vent any excess quantity of gas introduced in this way, avoiding any over-pressurisation of the helmet.
  • exhaled gas which consists mainly of a diluent
  • some residual oxygen and carbon dioxide passes via one or more hoses to a chemical absorbent (i.e. soda lime) to remove carbon dioxide and to the counterlung where the gas is mixed with make-up gas containing a physiologically high oxygen content.
  • a chemical absorbent i.e. soda lime
  • the endurance of the set is governed to a large extent by the bleed rate of make-up gas into the counterlung. As is shown later a bleed rate of 1-2 I/min is adequate for respiration rates of up to 75 t/min RMV (Respiratory Minute Volume). Since each breath removes only a fraction of the total oxygen content, given a high initial oxygen partial pressure, the same gas can be rebreathed many times over providing that effective C0 2 scrubbing is provided. In order to maximise the reliability of the set and avoid maintenance problems offshore, electronic devices for controlling oxygen injection have been avoided. Because of the relatively wide range of oxygen levels which can be breathed satisfactorily, a fixed bleed of mixed gas having an oxygen partial pressure of up to about 2.5 bar can be shown to give acceptable oxygen levels at all breathing rates.
  • Table 1 shows the results obtained for 4 breathing rates at depths from 100 metres to 450 metres.
  • the oxygen level falls from the initial value to reach a plateau, depending on breathing rate.
  • the maximum oxygen level was around 2.5 bar, at the start of the run.
  • Plateau levels varied from around 2 bar at the lowest breathing rate down to 0.4-0.8 bar at the highest breathing rates.
  • the endurance of the set is determined principally by the rate at which the gas bleed depletes the storage volume. However, some additional time is gained by "breathing down" the gas in the counterlung. In general, the endurance of the set diminishes with depth because of the greater quantity of gas consumed at depth.
  • the shortest endurance calculated was approximately 16 minutes, at a depth of 450 metres, breathing continually at a rate of 75 I/min RMV. At lower breathing rates, at the same depth, this endurance extends to 24 minutes. At shallower depths, the endurance of the set will generally exceed 25 minutes.
  • the oxygen profiles for a more realistic breathing sequence with a variable RMV show that the oxygen level in the set to vary according to the work rate, with overall endurance figures slightly in excess of that obtained at the maximum RMV.
  • the set can achieve a minimum endurance of 15 minutes at 450 MSW and considerably longer at shallower depths.
  • no electronic oxygen partial pressure control is provided it may be shown that the upstream level stays at all times within a band which is acceptable, at least for the short durations required of a bail-out set.
  • the rebreather hose calculation is based on conventional pipe friction theory.
  • the CO 2 scrubber calculations are based on tests carried out on a survival kit scrubber, charged with MPUD 797 Grade Sodalime. Results have been scaled to 450 MSW and the higher work rates associated with the present equipment. The hydrodynamic losses in the counterlung have been based on plausible assumptions having regard to its geometry.
  • Figure 2 summarises the results of this calculation.
  • the open and closed circles on the Figure represent results for a set of 450 and.250 MSW depth respectively.
  • the dashed line represents a recommended limit for work of breathing and the upper full line represents an upper limit.
  • No data has been presented for peak inhale/exhale resistance since this will depend on the biasing applied to the set.
  • work of breathing it may be seen that the predicted values are modest at low work rates and acceptable at the highest work rate of 75 I/min RMV. It is reasonable to suppose that it is easier to obtain satisfactory work of breathing values in a bail-out rebreather rather than a conventional rebreather because of the lower quantities of C0 2 absorbent involved.
  • FIG. 3 A second embodiment of a secondary life support system is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the semi-closed circuit bail-out rebreather set when in a standby mode for diving operations, is maintained at a pressure 0.2 bar in excess of the ambient external pressure.
  • Counterlungs 1 which are physically restrained to prevent inflation by the overpressure whilst in the standby mode are mounted on the divers shoulders. This minimises hydrostatic effects on the breathing circuit when the set is in the actuated mode.
  • the counterlungs 1 On actuation, the counterlungs 1 are released and are inflated (or partially inflated) by the over-pressure within the set.
  • the diver is required to actuate the rebreather set by two non-sequential actions;
  • the diver When the set is actuated the diver will accept the mouthpiece 16 and breath naturally on it.
  • the expired gas will pass through the mouthpiece 16, helmet interface 17 and be directed by the exhale valve 18 into the exhale hose 9.
  • the expired gas Within the back pack 7, the expired gas will flow to the plenum below the scrubber canister 11 where even distribution is achieved.
  • the gas then passes through the C0 2 scrubber canister 11 which is charged with sodalime granules for removal of C0 2 from the expired breath. From here the gas passes through a thermal regenerator 19, consisting of a number of layers of fine wire mesh which, due to their large surface area, absorb heat allowing relatively cold gas to pass via the hoses 20 to the shoulder mounted counterlungs 1.
  • hot water is fed to the rebreather set and directed into a hot water jacket 21 around the scrubber/thermal regenerator to preheat and hold the temperature within the scrubber/thermal regenerator at an acceptable level. Heat will be transferred to the breathing gas from the thermal regenerator/scrubber after the actuated mode has been selected even in the worst case situation where the hot water supply to the rebreather set is terminated.
  • a moisture absorber is incorporated within the backpack 7 primarily to collect suspended moisture from the divers expired breath.
  • a pressure gauge 22 a filter 23, a blow-out plug 24; a dip tube 25; a charging connection 26; a primary life support system exhaust valve 28; and an oral nasal mask 29.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System für Taucher, das bei normalen Tauchgängen betriebsbereit ist und bei Versagen der primären Atemgasversorgung des Tauchers aus einem primären Lebenserhaltungs-System in Tätigkeit gesetzt werden kann, wobei das primäre Lebenserhaltungs - System einen Taucherhelm mit einem Anschluß (17) umfaßt und das sekundäre Lebensrettungs-System sich zusammensetzt aus:
einer halbgeschlossenen Beatmungseinheit einschließlich eines Beatmungskreises mit Zu- und Ableitungsschläuchen (8, 9), die an den Anschluß (17) des Taucherhelms angeschlossen sind, zumindest einen Gegendruckkörper (1), einen Feuchtigkeitsabscheider (10) und einen Kohlendioxid-Wäscher (11), wobei der Gegendruckkörper, der Feuchtigkeitsabscheider und der Kohlendioxid - Wäscher mit zumindest einem der Schläuche in Verbindung steht;
einer Sekundärquelle für unter Druck stehendes Atemgas (5);
Leitungen zur Verbindung der Sekundärgasquelle mit dem Beatmungskreis der Beatmungseinrichtung;
einen Begrenzer (6) für den Gasstrom in dieser Leitung;
einer Vorrichtung zum Trennen der Sekundärquelle von dem Beatmungskreis der Beatmungseinrichtung im Zustand der Bereitstellung und zum Verbinden der Sekundärquelle mit der Beatmungseinheit für Gasströmungsverbindung, um eine geregelte Zufuhr von Atemgas im Betriebszustand zur Verfügung zu stellen; gekennzeichnet durch
ein Ventil (4) zwischen dem Beatmungskreis und dem Anschluß (17), wodurch der Taucher im Zustand der Bereitstellung aus der primären Gasversorgung atmen kann und das Ventil den Beatmungskreis der Beatmungseinheit vom Anschluß des Taucherhelms trennt, um zu verhindern, daß der Taucher über die Beatmungseinrichtung atmet, und im Betriebszustand das Ventil die Beatmungseinrichtung mit dem Anschluß verbindet und die Atemgaszufuhr für den Taucher aus dem primären Lebenserhaltungs-System abschaltet, so daß der Taucher über die Beatmungseinheit atmet;
eine Vorrichtung zum Verbinden des Beatmungskreises mit der primären Atemgasversorgung des Tauchers im Bereitstellungszustand über einen Regler (14), um innerhalb der Beatmungseinheit einen vorbestimmten Druck des Atemgases oberhalb des umgebenden äußeren Drucks ohne Rücksicht auf die Änderungen des umgebenden Außendrucks aufrechtzuerhalten und
ein Entlastungsventil (31) zum Ablassen von gegenüber dem vorbestimmten Atemgasdruck überschüssigen Atemgas aus der Beatmungseinheit.
2. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System für Taucher nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Gegendruckkörper aufblasbar ist und Mittel vorgesehen sind zum körperlichen Zusammenhalten des Gegendruckbehälters, um ein Aufblasen im Bereitstellungszustand zu verhindern und das Aufblasen im Betriebszustand aufgrund des vorbestimmten Atemgasdrucks zu gestatten.
3. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System nach Anspruch 2, mit Mitteln zur Halterung des Gegendruckkörpers auf einer Schulter des Tauchers.
4. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System nach Anspruch 1, mit einer Ableitung von Gas aus dem sekundären Gasbehälter in den Beatmungskreis der Beatmungseinheit über den Strömungsbegrenzer mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit im Betriebszustand.
5. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Mantel (21) für die Zirkulation von Warmwasser, um die Beatmungseinheit im Bereitstellungszustand auf erhöhter Temperatur zu halten.
6. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Wärmeregenerator mit im Beatmungskreis angeordneten Drahtnetzen, zum Abführen von Wärme aus dem ausgeatmeten Gas und zum Aufwärmen des einzuatmenden Gases.
7. Sekundäres Lebensrettungs-System nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Mundstück (16) an den Schläuchen (8, 9) und einer Vorrichtung, um das Mundstück vor dem Mund des Tauchers zu halten, wenn das Ventil (4) betätigt ist, wodurch das sekundäre Lebensrettungs-System in den Betriebszustand übergeht.
EP85905862A 1984-11-23 1985-11-22 Sekundär-system zur lebensrettung Expired - Lifetime EP0203133B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85905862T ATE51829T1 (de) 1984-11-23 1985-11-22 Sekundaer-system zur lebensrettung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8429706 1984-11-23
GB08429706A GB2169209B (en) 1984-11-23 1984-11-23 Divers life support system including a bail-out rebreather

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0203133A1 EP0203133A1 (de) 1986-12-03
EP0203133B1 true EP0203133B1 (de) 1990-04-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85905862A Expired - Lifetime EP0203133B1 (de) 1984-11-23 1985-11-22 Sekundär-system zur lebensrettung

Country Status (11)

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EP (1) EP0203133B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS62501280A (de)
CN (1) CN1009816B (de)
AU (1) AU580829B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8507074A (de)
DE (1) DE3577074D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2169209B (de)
NO (1) NO162063C (de)
SU (1) SU1722222A3 (de)
WO (1) WO1986003171A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA858960B (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0276217B1 (de) * 1985-10-01 1991-08-28 Intertek Limited Atemschutzeinrichtung für flugzeugpassagiere
GB8524181D0 (en) * 1985-10-01 1985-11-06 Stewart J S S Breathing equipment
US5619987A (en) * 1991-09-24 1997-04-15 Grand Bleu International, Inc. Semi-closed rebreathing apparatus with water removing pump
GB9726505D0 (en) * 1997-12-16 1998-02-11 Harrison Alan M Movable disabled persons lift
CA2393495C (en) * 1999-12-06 2008-10-07 Alto2Lab Limited A breathing method and apparatus
GB2406282A (en) * 2003-07-03 2005-03-30 Alexander Roger Deas Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus having a shortened breathing hose
US7568483B2 (en) * 2005-05-06 2009-08-04 Ric Investments, Llc Patient interface with respiratory gas measurement component
CN102258931B (zh) * 2011-06-22 2013-03-27 辽宁安泰机电设备有限公司 一氧化碳、二氧化碳吸收装置
CN115092357B (zh) * 2022-07-19 2024-02-06 杭州电子科技大学 深海潜水服生命保障系统及其使用方法
CN116039879A (zh) * 2023-02-03 2023-05-02 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 判断二氧化碳吸收剂使用情况的循环式潜水呼吸器及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB757652A (en) * 1953-06-16 1956-09-19 Scott Aviation Corp Improvements in or relating to breathing apparatus
GB764111A (en) * 1954-01-07 1956-12-19 Gasaccumulator Svenska Ab Face mask for under-water breathing
GB912579A (en) * 1959-06-13 1962-12-12 Claude Ogilvie Bisset Improvements in underwater breathing apparatus
GB912418A (en) * 1960-09-05 1962-12-05 Vickers Res Ltd Improvements in or relating to masks
DE2104153A1 (de) * 1971-01-29 1972-08-24 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Tauchgerät mit Kreislauf
SE360047B (de) * 1971-06-22 1973-09-17 Aga Ab
JPS562287A (en) * 1979-06-21 1981-01-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Closed type respiration apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Machine Design, vol.40, no.25, 24.10.1968, Cleveland(US):"Breathing in the deep", p.32 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0203133A1 (de) 1986-12-03
DE3577074D1 (de) 1990-05-17
NO862931L (no) 1986-09-17
CN1009816B (zh) 1990-10-03
NO162063C (no) 1989-11-01
SU1722222A3 (ru) 1992-03-23
AU580829B2 (en) 1989-02-02
NO162063B (no) 1989-07-24
GB2169209B (en) 1989-02-15
JPS62501280A (ja) 1987-05-21
BR8507074A (pt) 1987-07-14
GB8429706D0 (en) 1985-01-03
GB2169209A (en) 1986-07-09
CN85109648A (zh) 1986-08-20
WO1986003171A1 (en) 1986-06-05
AU5200186A (en) 1986-06-18
ZA858960B (en) 1986-07-30
NO862931D0 (no) 1986-07-21

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