US3691349A - Electrical heating sheet with series of eyelets connections - Google Patents

Electrical heating sheet with series of eyelets connections Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3691349A
US3691349A US115846A US3691349DA US3691349A US 3691349 A US3691349 A US 3691349A US 115846 A US115846 A US 115846A US 3691349D A US3691349D A US 3691349DA US 3691349 A US3691349 A US 3691349A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
eyelets
electrodes
series
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US115846A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald Maccoll
Hugh O'pray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3691349A publication Critical patent/US3691349A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Conductive silicone rubber heating elements having metal foil electrodes attached by eyelets formed by punching the foil through the conductive sheet.
  • electrical heating elements of the kind comprising a sheet of electrically conducting material provided with two or more electrodes for the passage of electricity therethrough.
  • the conducting material is generally a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin or plastic or a rubber rendered electrically conducting by the incorporation therein of particles of an electrically conducting material such as carbon black.
  • suitable conducting materials are the electrically conducting organopolysiloxane elastomers which are particularly useful because of their temperature resisting properties and because they have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance. These conducting materials may be simply in sheet form or may be coated on a woven, knitted or felted fabric or on a film, for example, such as paper, glasscloth, a polyester fabric or a polyester film.
  • Electric current isfed into the sheet of conducting material through two or more electrodes connected to a source of electricity.
  • electrodes include metal foils such as copper, aluminum or brass foils. These foils have been fastened to the sheet of conducting material by a variety of methods including stitching by one or more rows of stitching or by oversewing, stapling, cementing or vulcanizing and inserting into pockets formed by the conducting sheet material.
  • a heating element comprises a sheet of electrically conducting material having two or more metal foil electrodes attached thereto, the electrodes being fastened to the sheet by a series of eyelets formed in the electrodes such that the portions of the eyelets on the underside of the sheet clamp the electrodes thereto and being capable of connection to an electrical power supply.
  • the conducting sheet used in the heating elements of our invention may be formed of supported or unsupported electrically conducting material such as conducting natural or synthetic rubber, conducting polyolefins, conducting organopolysiloxane elastomers or graphite/silica mixtures. lt is frequently preferred that the conducting material should be an electrically conducting organopolysiloxane elastomer. It is also, in general, preferred that the electrically conducting material forming the sheet be supported by a substrate, in which case one or both sides thereof may be coated or impregnated with the electrically conducting material.
  • the substrates hitherto used for this purpose such as, for example, paper, asbestos paper, woven or nonwoven polyester or nylon fabrics, glasscloth, films of polyesters or other high melting polymers, may be used.
  • the conducting sheet may be produced in known manner by forming an unsupported sheet or by coating or impregnating the desired substrate, for example, by knife coating, dipping or spraying, followed by any treatment necessary to stabilize the sheet such as curing or vulcanization.
  • the eyelets formed in the electrodes may be formed by the normal types of eyeletting tools, it being necessary only that the turned over portion of the eyelets should be of sufficient size to clamp the electrode to the conducting sheet.
  • the eyelets may, of course, vary in size and spacing. Thus if they are made too small in diameter the stage may be reached at which the eyelets exercise insufficient clamping action and the electrodes will no longer be held to the sheet of conducting material. If on the other hand they are made too large only a limited amount of electrode remains and this results in their being insufficient electrode surface to transmit the electrical power necessary unless the total area covered by the electrode is increased.
  • a reinforcing strip which is held to the underside of the conducting sheet by the turned over portion of-the eyelets.
  • a reinforcing strip it may be of any suitable material which may or may not be electrically conducting, for example metal foil, plastic strip or other similar material.
  • a non-woven strip of polyester is eminently suitable. It is frequently convenient and is generally preferred, if a reinforcing strip is used, that it be of the same or similar foil as is used for the electrodes.
  • a heating element was made up by attaching two electrodes along opposite edges of a sheet of glasscloth coated on both sides with an electrically conducting organopolysiloxane elastomer.
  • the sheet was 36 inches by 13 inches and of resistance 320 ohms per square.
  • the electrodes were of copper foil 0.155 mm thick and 6.35 mm wide and were fastened to the coated sheet along the longer sides by a line of eyelets of 2.0 mm diameter and 6.35 mm apart passing through the sheet and through an underlying copper foil 0.08 mm thick and 6.35 mm wide.
  • the power dissipated by the heating element was 54 watts when connected to an volt electrical supply.
  • EXAMPLES 2 to 13 A number of heating elements similar to those of Example l was made up and the contact resistance between the electrode and conducting sheet measured in each case.
  • the table below shows details of the elements.
  • the electrodes were in all cases 6.35 mm wide and 0.155 mm thick and the backing strips where used were 6.35 mm wide and of the thickness shown in the table.
  • a heating element comprising a sheet of electrically conducting material consisting of a layer of electrically conducting organopolysiloxane elastomers supported on a layer of a glass cloth substrate and having at least two metal foil electrodes attached thereto, each of the electrodes being fastened to the sheet by a series of eyelets integrally formed in the electrodes such that the portions of the eyelets on the underside of the sheet clamp the electrodes thereto and a reinforcing strip held to the underside of the conducting sheet by the turned over portion of the eyelets, said electrodes being capable of connection to an electrical power supply.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US115846A 1970-03-09 1971-02-16 Electrical heating sheet with series of eyelets connections Expired - Lifetime US3691349A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1117970 1970-03-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3691349A true US3691349A (en) 1972-09-12

Family

ID=9981460

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US115846A Expired - Lifetime US3691349A (en) 1970-03-09 1971-02-16 Electrical heating sheet with series of eyelets connections

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3691349A (fr)
AT (1) AT308256B (fr)
CA (1) CA935216A (fr)
DE (1) DE2111277A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK132979C (fr)
FR (1) FR2094940A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1333086A (fr)
NO (1) NO129932B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4318220A (en) * 1979-04-19 1982-03-09 Raychem Corporation Process for recovering heat recoverable sheet material
US5138133A (en) * 1988-11-16 1992-08-11 Think Corporation Heating sheet having far infrared radiator attached and various equipments utilizing heating sheet

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2438984C3 (de) * 1974-08-14 1981-11-19 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Kontaktvorrichtung an einer Folie eines Flächenheizleiters
US4439666A (en) * 1981-10-07 1984-03-27 Intermountain Thermafloor Electrical heating system
DE3433669A1 (de) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-29 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld Flaechiger keramischer formkoerper
GB2228653B (en) * 1989-01-25 1992-03-04 Thermaflex Ltd Flexible heating element

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4318220A (en) * 1979-04-19 1982-03-09 Raychem Corporation Process for recovering heat recoverable sheet material
US5138133A (en) * 1988-11-16 1992-08-11 Think Corporation Heating sheet having far infrared radiator attached and various equipments utilizing heating sheet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT308256B (de) 1973-06-25
NO129932B (fr) 1974-06-10
DE2111277A1 (de) 1971-10-21
DK132979C (da) 1976-08-02
DK132979B (da) 1976-03-01
GB1333086A (en) 1973-10-10
CA935216A (en) 1973-10-09
FR2094940A5 (fr) 1972-02-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3385959A (en) Flexible heating elements
US4845343A (en) Electrical devices comprising fabrics
US4534886A (en) Non-woven heating element
US4700054A (en) Electrical devices comprising fabrics
US2938992A (en) Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US3344385A (en) Flexible resistance element with flexible and stretchable terminal electrodes
US3935422A (en) Electrically heated laminate with a glass heating fabric
US4882466A (en) Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers
US3808403A (en) Waterproof electrical heating unit sheet
EP0417097B1 (fr) Element chauffant et procede de fabrication d'un tel element
CA1062755A (fr) Article chauffant auto-regulateur multicouche
US4421582A (en) Self-heating article with deformable electrodes
US3691349A (en) Electrical heating sheet with series of eyelets connections
US2340097A (en) Warming pad
CA2004760C (fr) Element composite thermosensible et generateur thermique contenant cet element
JPS58220377A (ja) 線状発熱体
US3595720A (en) Heating elements
JPH0115098Y2 (fr)
EP0197745A1 (fr) Matériaux conducteurs
EP0144187B1 (fr) Dispositif électrique avec éléments PCT
DE3279498D1 (en) Insulated connector sheet
KR20110042421A (ko) 균일발열이 이루어지게 한 유연성 발열메쉬 및 이를 이용한 유연성 발열시트
GB1190934A (en) Wall Coverings
KR790001972B1 (ko) 적층 자율 조정 가열기
JPH02278689A (ja) 温度自己制御されたテープ又はプレート状発熱体