US3687180A - Apparatus for breaking-up solid, porous and especially vegetable bodies - Google Patents

Apparatus for breaking-up solid, porous and especially vegetable bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3687180A
US3687180A US846666A US3687180DA US3687180A US 3687180 A US3687180 A US 3687180A US 846666 A US846666 A US 846666A US 3687180D A US3687180D A US 3687180DA US 3687180 A US3687180 A US 3687180A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
pressure
cycles
variation
bodies
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Expired - Lifetime
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US846666A
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English (en)
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Daniel Michalon
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Centre Stephanois de Recherches Mecaniques Hydromecanique et Frottement SA
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Centre Stephanois de Recherches Mecaniques Hydromecanique et Frottement SA
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Priority claimed from FR6924170A external-priority patent/FR2052101A5/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N1/00—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice
    • A23N1/02—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice combined with disintegrating or cutting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for breaking-up or comminuting porous solid substances, especially vegetable, in particular for the decortication of oleaginous pips and seeds and of leguminous plants, the fruit of which is a shell, and for the shredding or splitting of substances, especially vegetable, in which a chamber filled with a liquid and/or gaseous fluid is adapted to receive the substances, while means are provided for applying a variation of the fluid pressure inside the said chamber.
  • Numerous vegetable oils are extracted from seeds or pips, such as sunflowers, grapes, walnuts, peanuts, etc.
  • a seed or a pip is formed of the following three main parts:
  • the kernel In the interior, the kernel, generally fairly soft and containing fatty substances
  • kernels are broken into a number of pieces and very often, by the effect of friction (skin kernel grinder) they are converted to fine dust. This breaking-up of the seed into a number of fragments facilitates attacks on this latter by the ambient air (oxygen, water vapor, microbes, etc.);
  • the present invention has for its object apparatus for breaking-up porous solid bodies, especially vegetable, in particular for decortication, shredding or splitting, in which a variation of fluid pressure is applied and which complies better than in the past with the various requirements of practice.
  • the invention is especially characterized in that the variation of pressure is cyclic, in such manner as to apply a vibrator action which progressively fatigues the substances, and in that this cyclic variation comprises at least three cycles, in that the differential pressure amplitude, that is to say the difference between the minimum pressure and the maximum pressure of the cycles, is greater than three bars, and in that the number of cycles and the differential pressure amplitude are chosen in an inverse ratio one to the other, for the same result.
  • the grains enclosed in a chamber capable of withstanding pressures and depressions are subjected to a treatment by variation of pressure on each side of the porous skin, thus giving an alternating movement to the skin until it becomes broken by fatigue.
  • the treatment preferably complies with the following conditions:
  • the treatment should comprise a number of alternating conditions which may be either compression decompression, or decompression-recompression (see FIG. 1, in which the time t in milliseconds is plotted in abscissae, while the ordinates represent the ratio P(t) of pressure external to the grain at the time I to P(0) the maximum pressure external to the grain for a given type of test);
  • the pressure in the chamber containing the grains or pips is subjected to fluctuations such that between the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure there is a difference API which is a function on the one hand of the number of cycles chosen and on the other hand of the nature of the grains or pips to be decorticated.
  • a difference API which is a function on the one hand of the number of cycles chosen and on the other hand of the nature of the grains or pips to be decorticated.
  • the curves of FIG. 2, which correspond respectively to 50 alternations or cycles, cycles and 150 cycles, show the variation of the percentage of seed decorticated for a given number of cycles, as a function of the AP]. chosen.
  • c. APl may have any desired value comprised between 1 bar and 500 bars.
  • the pressure P1 in the working chamber can vary from 1 to +500 bars.
  • APl can be chosen over the whole extent of the scale of P1.
  • a APl of 20 bars can be effected when P1 is equal to 19 bars and when the minimum pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, or alternatively this AM of 20 bars may be effected for example between 100 and 80 bars when of course P1 is equal to 100, etc.
  • the compression gradient must be at least three times smaller than the decompression gradient of APl.
  • sunflower seeds are subjected to a decortication process according to the invention and what takes place is examined by extracting seeds at the various stages of the operation, it is found at the end of a certain number of cycles that at the pointed extremity of the seed, the skin opens, somewhat like a bud which bursts; then the various parts of the skin progressively move outwards like the sepals of a flower until they fall by simply rolling between the fingers. At the end of the operation, there is obtained a mixture of kernels, for the greater part intact, and fragments of skins entirely separated.
  • the separation of the skin from the kernel is effected without breaking the kernel
  • the kernel remains protected by its anti-corrosion membrane, which makes it possible for oil producers to constitute buffer-reserves of decorticated seeds without any risk of deterioration of the kernels;
  • the power required for carrying out a decortication process according to the method of the invention is very much less (4 to 5 times) than the power at present absorbed by the known systems such as grinders, mixers, etc.
  • the invention in addition to the decortication of oleaginous seeds and amongst others, can be employed for operations such as shelling leguminous plants or the shredding of vegetable fibers. It is known in fact in the paper industry that when shavings have been cooked in lyes of various kinds such as soda, bisulphite, etc., after having been subjected to a long cooking period, they are separated into fibers and homogenized.
  • the present well-known means for carrying out this operation of shredding and refining make use of mechanical grinding or rasping systems which have the disadvantage, on the one hand of consuming enormous amounts of power and on the other hand of only giving very small production rates.
  • the present invention has also for its object a device for carrying the above method into effect, this device being characterized in that it comprises: a chamber adapted to receive the bodies, means for filling the chamber with a gaseous fluid and/or liquid, means for applying a cyclic variation of the fluid pressure inside the chamber.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams
  • H683 to 8 relate respectively to six different forms of embodiment of the invention, illustrated diagrammatically;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial view taken along the line of the arrows IX-IX of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 1 As ordinates there are plotted the ratios P(t)/P(o) between the pressure in the working chamber at a variable time (t) and the maximum pressure in the working chamber for a given type of test. This ratio varies from O to i. As abscissae there are plotted the times in milliseconds cor responding to the application of pressure to the chamber and to the decompression of the said chamber. It will be observed from this figure that the pressure curves corresponding to a given cycle are asymmetric, due to the fact that the gradient of the pressure application and the gradient of expansion are definitely different.
  • FIG. 2 there are plotted as ordinates the percentages of completely decorticated seeds, while the abscissae represent the values of APl corresponding to the variation of pressure when the working chamber is expanded.
  • a device for breaking-up solid, porous, and especially vegetable bodies C, in particular for decortication, shredding or splitting comprises a chamber 10 adapted to be filled with a liquid and/or gaseous fluid by means of a cock 11.
  • the chamber 19 is arranged to receive the bodies C by means of a removable end 12, while means 15, l6, 17 are provided so as to apply a variation of the fluid pressure in the said chamber 16.
  • the variation of pressure is cyclic in order to apply a vibratory action which progressively fatigues the bodies C.
  • This cyclic variation comprises a minimum of 3 cycles.
  • the differential pressure amplitude API that is to say the difference between the minimum pressure and the maximum pressure of the cycles is greater than three bars.
  • the number of cycles and the differential pressure amplitude are chosen in inverse ratio to each other. For example, for the same result it is possible to choose between a small APl with a large number of cycles, or a large APl with a small number of cycles, In addition, these cycles can be carried out either in very short times or alternatively in very long times and therefore at low frequencies.
  • the minimum pressure of the cycles is advantageously less than atmospheric pressure and the maximum pressure of the cycles is higher than several multiples of 10 bars.
  • the chamber comprises a cylinder 13 which receives a piston 14.
  • the means for applying a cyclic variation of pressure comprise an actuating device which causes a reciprocating movement of the said piston 14. This actuating device 15 is operated by fluid at l6, 17.
  • the cyclic variation of pressure in the decortication chamber 10 is obtained by the movement of the piston 14 effected through the intermediary of the actuation device 15, constituted by a second piston mounted coaxially in the cylinder 13 and controlled either pneumatically or hydraulically.
  • the alternating lateral movement of the piston 15 is effected by utilizing, for example, a pressure generator 16 and a four-way electro-valve 17.
  • a pressure generator 16 and a four-way electro-valve 17 are of a usual type and are not therefore described here in detail.
  • the control of the piston 14 is mechanical. More particularly, the piston 14 which defines the chamber 10 is actuated in one direction by means of a roller 18 and a cam 19, while the return movement is effected by a spring 2%.
  • This device makes it possible to work at relativelyhigh frequencies and relatively-low pressures. Furthermore, the cam does not impart a constant speed to the piston, its profile being such that the compression of the working chamber 10 is effected slowly according to a given pressure gradient, and the decompression takes place abruptly following a second given gradient.
  • the chamber 10 comprises a chamber 21 having a diaphragm 22.
  • the means for applying a cyclic variation of pressure comprise an actuating device 23 which is adapted to displace the said diaphragm 22 with a reciprocating motion.
  • the variation of the volume of the working chamber 10, which has the purpose of creating alternately a compression and an expansion, is obtained by elastic deformation of the said diaphragm 22.
  • This deformation which takes place on each side of the initial position of the wall, is obtained by means of the actuating device 23, constituted by a double-acting jack, the piston of which is shown at 23 and the cylinder at 24.
  • the piston 23 is coupled to the diaphragm 22 by a rod 25.
  • the supply to the jack 24 is effected by a pressure generator 26 and an electrovalve 27 with four ways and two positions, of a usual type not described in detail here.
  • the chamber 10 comprises a casing 28, while the means for applying a cyclic variation of pressure comprise a fluid conduit 29 coupled to the said casing 28 and associated with a source of fluid pressure 39 and a servo-valve 31.
  • the servo-valve 17 is provided in such manner as to be able to pass a pressure from a maximum pre-regulated value to a minimum value close to zero at a frequency 50 times per second.
  • the seeds C placed in the chamber 28 are subjected to a compression-decompression cycle at this same frequency, according to the method of the invention, which results in a rapid fatigue of the skin.
  • the source of fluid pressure 343 and the servo-valve 31 are of the usual type and will not be described in further detail.
  • the chamber 10 comprises a chamber 32 provided with a safety-valve 33.
  • the means for applying a cyclic variation of pressure comprise explosion meansM intended to be made operative successively, for example by means of a cam-shaft 35.
  • the cyclic variation of pressure in the working chamber 10 is obtained by the consecutive explosion of cartridges 34.
  • the discharge valve 33 limits the pressure in the working chamber 10 to the desired value.
  • the device shown in FIG. 7 has the additional advantage, as compared with the other solutions previously described, that it consumes very little power.
  • the working chamber 10 comprises a chamber 40.
  • the means for applying a cyclic variation of pressure comprise on the one hand a pressure conduit 41 coupled to the chamber 40, and on the other hand a moving closure strip 42 which is burstable.
  • the device makes it possible to obtain extremely rapid expansion gradients.
  • a circular orifice 43 is associated with the chamber 40 and is adapted, during the compression of the chamber, to be closed by the strip 42 which is of metallic or plastic material.
  • a seating 44 is arranged around the orifice 43 and the strip 42 is applied against the seating 44 by a single-acting jack 45.
  • the strip 42 is arranged so as to move in front of the orifice 43 by means of two reels 46 and 47.
  • the reel 46 is a driving reel and is driven by a jack toothed rack system 48, while the reel 47 is mounted freely rotatable on a shaft 49.
  • the reel 46 is a driving reel and is driven by The operation of this device is as follows:
  • the forward movement of the strip 42 and also the closure of the escape orifice 43 are effected either pneumatically or hydraulically by a system comprising essentially a pump 50, a pressure regulator 51 and an electro-valve 52, controlled by a timing device 53.
  • the timing device 53 acts through the intermediary of a time-lag relay 54 to control the opening of a second electrovalve 55.
  • This latter permits an air generator 56 to supply pressure, through the intermediary of a pressure-reducing valve 57 to the conduit 41 coupled to the working chamber 10.
  • the pressure in this latter increases progressively up to the abrupt bursting of the strip 4-2 over the entire zone corresponding to the escape orifice 43.
  • a grating 58 is provided in order to prevent the seeds C decorticated following the method of the invention, from escaping through the orifice 43.
  • Apparatus for comminuting solids comprising a chamber for receiving solids to be comminuted including an escape orifice, means for cyclicly varying the strip being in sealing contact with said chamber when said fluid under pressure is introduced into said chamber.
  • said presenting means comprising rack and pinion means for unrolling and moving said strip relative to said chamber, and means for moving said rack and pinion means in timed relation to said means for supplying a fluid under pressure to said chamber.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
US846666A 1968-08-21 1969-08-01 Apparatus for breaking-up solid, porous and especially vegetable bodies Expired - Lifetime US3687180A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR163614 1968-08-21
FR6924170A FR2052101A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-16 1969-07-16

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US (1) US3687180A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE749571A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BG (1) BG22997A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA920905A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH497853A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1942672C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1246182A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6912703A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
RO (1) RO55256A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
YU (1) YU32869B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4132161A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-01-02 Helwig E Device and process for separating the liquid part from the solid part of seeds and fruit
WO2001015809A1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-08 Nutrient Enhancement Technologies Llc Liberating intracellular matter from biological material
US6405948B1 (en) 1997-07-18 2002-06-18 Pulsewave Llc Liberating intracellular matter from biological material
US20060182858A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Ahmad Foroutanaliabad Methods for splitting pistachio nuts
US20080171115A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2008-07-17 National University Corporation Kumamoto Universit Method of Treating Food and Food Obtained by This Method
CN104366662A (zh) * 2014-09-09 2015-02-25 颜廷财 偏心滚轮破壳机
CN107821637A (zh) * 2017-11-30 2018-03-23 重庆馋丫丫食品有限公司 用于豆干加工的分料装置
CN108294656A (zh) * 2016-08-21 2018-07-20 王琪 一种坚果开启器

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58190866A (ja) * 1982-04-26 1983-11-07 インタ−ナショナル　ビジネス　マシ−ンズ　コ−ポレ−ション セラミツク粉末の非集塊化方法
GB2125676A (en) * 1982-05-08 1984-03-14 Ismail Hassan Hussein The decortication of castor beans
DE3347152C2 (de) * 1982-12-30 1995-04-20 Kohlensaeurewerk Deutschland Verfahren zur Explosionszerkleinerung von Zellmaterial
FR2567042B1 (fr) * 1984-07-04 1992-06-05 Kohlensaeurewerk Deutschland Procede de broyage par explosion d'une matiere contenant des cellules
WO2005103212A1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-03 Nicolaas Daniel Lombard Burger Method of and apparatus for use in the extraction of plant oil
CN103653192B (zh) * 2013-12-11 2016-08-24 苏州市职业大学 一种多功能去壳机
CN107149152A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-12 曾祥胜 一种水果用葡萄榨汁装置
CN107853716B (zh) * 2017-11-23 2020-09-25 王桂婷 一种冲压式瓜子去壳机器人

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1433928A (en) * 1920-09-10 1922-10-31 Baxter George Method of husking ivory nuts
US2711369A (en) * 1951-03-17 1955-06-21 Process Evaluation Devel Progressive explosion process of defibration
US3022807A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-02-27 Bloch Felix Process for inducing shell splitting in pistachio nuts
US3218188A (en) * 1963-07-20 1965-11-16 Deton Ag Process for producing sugar from sugarcontaining vegetable material
US3320992A (en) * 1964-02-10 1967-05-23 Albert G Bodine Juice extracting method utilizing sonic waves
US3471894A (en) * 1968-10-25 1969-10-14 Cape Ann Marine Research Co In Method of cleaning shellfish
US3584798A (en) * 1968-08-09 1971-06-15 Lev Illarionovich Metreveli Apparatus for preparing suspensions of biological tissues, cells and bacteria

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1433928A (en) * 1920-09-10 1922-10-31 Baxter George Method of husking ivory nuts
US2711369A (en) * 1951-03-17 1955-06-21 Process Evaluation Devel Progressive explosion process of defibration
US3022807A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-02-27 Bloch Felix Process for inducing shell splitting in pistachio nuts
US3218188A (en) * 1963-07-20 1965-11-16 Deton Ag Process for producing sugar from sugarcontaining vegetable material
US3320992A (en) * 1964-02-10 1967-05-23 Albert G Bodine Juice extracting method utilizing sonic waves
US3584798A (en) * 1968-08-09 1971-06-15 Lev Illarionovich Metreveli Apparatus for preparing suspensions of biological tissues, cells and bacteria
US3471894A (en) * 1968-10-25 1969-10-14 Cape Ann Marine Research Co In Method of cleaning shellfish

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4132161A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-01-02 Helwig E Device and process for separating the liquid part from the solid part of seeds and fruit
US6405948B1 (en) 1997-07-18 2002-06-18 Pulsewave Llc Liberating intracellular matter from biological material
WO2001015809A1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-08 Nutrient Enhancement Technologies Llc Liberating intracellular matter from biological material
US7695750B2 (en) * 2005-02-16 2010-04-13 Ahmad Foroutanaliabad Methods for splitting pistachio nuts
US20060182858A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Ahmad Foroutanaliabad Methods for splitting pistachio nuts
US20080020108A1 (en) * 2005-02-16 2008-01-24 Ahmad Foroutanaliabad Methods for splitting pistachio nuts
US7357952B2 (en) 2005-02-16 2008-04-15 Ahmad Foroutanaliabad Methods for splitting pistachio nuts
US20080171115A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2008-07-17 National University Corporation Kumamoto Universit Method of Treating Food and Food Obtained by This Method
US8507024B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2013-08-13 National University Corporation Kumamoto University Method of treating food and food obtained by this method
CN104366662A (zh) * 2014-09-09 2015-02-25 颜廷财 偏心滚轮破壳机
CN108294656A (zh) * 2016-08-21 2018-07-20 王琪 一种坚果开启器
CN108451406A (zh) * 2016-08-21 2018-08-28 王琪 坚果开启器
CN107821637A (zh) * 2017-11-30 2018-03-23 重庆馋丫丫食品有限公司 用于豆干加工的分料装置
CN107821637B (zh) * 2017-11-30 2020-07-28 重庆馋丫丫食品有限公司 用于豆干加工的分料装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BG22997A3 (bg) 1977-05-20
DE1942672A1 (de) 1970-02-26
DE1942672B2 (de) 1973-06-28
NL6912703A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-24
BE749571A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-01
CA920905A (en) 1973-02-13
DE1942672C3 (de) 1974-01-31
RO55256A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-15
CH497853A (fr) 1970-10-31
YU32869B (en) 1975-10-31
GB1246182A (en) 1971-09-15
YU215769A (en) 1975-04-30

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