US3685158A - Sondes with articulated arms used in well logging - Google Patents

Sondes with articulated arms used in well logging Download PDF

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US3685158A
US3685158A US115767A US3685158DA US3685158A US 3685158 A US3685158 A US 3685158A US 115767 A US115767 A US 115767A US 3685158D A US3685158D A US 3685158DA US 3685158 A US3685158 A US 3685158A
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Prior art keywords
body member
arms
driven
members
piston
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US115767A
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Jean Planche
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G01V11/002—Details, e.g. power supply systems for logging instruments, transmitting or recording data, specially adapted for well logging, also if the prospecting method is irrelevant
    • G01V11/005—Devices for positioning logging sondes with respect to the borehole wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1014—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well
    • E21B17/1021—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well with articulated arms or arcuate springs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/08—Measuring diameters or related dimensions at the borehole

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for use in making measurement in a well bore includes an elongated body member having at least one pair of wall-engaging members articulated on the body member by arms for lateral movement between retracted positions alongside the body member and extended positions in contact with a well bore wall.
  • Spring means are mounted externally of the body member and function to constantly urge the members outwardly, and means are provided for retracting the members, including a driven member movable upwardly on said body member, and means responsive to upward movement of said driven member for causing said wall-engaging members to move toward retracted positions.
  • This invention relates generally to sonde apparatus for use in conducting measurements in well bores, and more particularly to sonde apparatus having articulated arms carrying wall-engaging members adapted for measuring parameters in a well bore.
  • sondes equipped with pad members which contact the walls of the well bore have been used.
  • the pad members may carry electrodes or transducers, but can sometimes have pressure rollers or shoes in the case of diameter measurements.
  • contact of the pad members withthe well bore wall is obtained by means of long bow springs having their extremities attached to rings which slide along the body member of the tool.
  • Such an arrangement is shown in US. Pats. Nos. 2,639,512 and 2,669,690.
  • One disadvantage of this type of sonde is that the pad members, which slide in intimate contact with the well bore wall, may wear rapidly. Moreover, lowering of the tool into the well is sometimes difilcult.
  • the weight of the sonde has a radial component which tends to close the arms and to reduce the pressure of the upper pad member, which can then become separated from the well bore wall.
  • the pressure from the coil spring which is applied to the pads by means of various rods and sliders may cause undue wear in the articulations.
  • a t'urther object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved sonde apparatus having articulated arms carrying wall-engaging members and in which the articulations are subjectedto relatively small loads throughout the time required to conduct measurements.
  • a sonde apparatus having an elongated body and at least one pair of wall-engaging members, each of said members being linked to said body by arms articulated on the said body.
  • Each wallengaging member moves outwardly of the body under the influence of a spring installed externally of said body and arranged to press outwardly in the vicinity of the wall-engaging member.
  • Each arm is provided with a crank portion which engages on one of two side trunnions of a driven member which can slide longitudinally of the said body.
  • a pad closing force can be applied directly to the driven member, thereby resulting in a particularly simple force transmission system. Moreover, since the spring pressure is applied very close to the vicinity of the contact points of the wall-engaging members with the well bore wall, the articulations are subjected to very little wearing force during the taking of measurements.
  • a sonde apparatus is provided with two driven members, one of which slides within the other, the outer driven member carrying two trunnions on which the crank portions of the arms of the first pair of pad members are engaged, the inner driven member carrying two trunnions which pass through longitudinal slots in the outer member and on which the crank portions of the arms of the second pair of pad members engage.
  • Such an assembly can be used, for example, in an instrument for measuring the two main diameters of a well bore.
  • a particularly interesting application of the present invention is in dip measuring sondes in which the quality of measurements depends essentially on proper contact of the pads with the well bore wall.
  • each pad taken singularly should remain parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body, and should also have the ability to move along a course perpendicular to this axis.
  • a sonde apparatus described in application Ser. No. 2l9,6l9, now US. Pat. No. 3,423,671, has four pads constructed and arranged whereby these conditions are fulfilled. Each pad is slidably mounted on a support which is linked to the body by means of two arms forming the opposite sides of an articulated parallelogram.
  • each pad is articulated on a lower arm forming the main side of a Y" with its center linked to the extremity of a short side.
  • This short side which is equal in length to onehalf of the main side, is articulated at its other extremity on the body.
  • it is possible to simplify such a set of arms and to further reduce the weight and dimensions of the tool.
  • a sonde apparatus for use in dip measurements has two independent pairs of wallengaging members installed at right angles to one another, with each member being articulated generally as described above.
  • the long sides of the "Ys" have the same length as a corresponding main arm, and the short side arms, having a length equal to one-half the length of a corresponding main arm, each have a crank portion identical to that on each main arm.
  • the crank portions are engaged on lower trunnions of an axially movable driven member, the upper and lower trunnions, the main arms and the short side articulations being arranged in such a manner that the main arms and the short arms remain parallel to each other during lateral movement of the pad members between retracted and extended positions.
  • the movements of the pad members fulfill the conditions given hereabove with a minimum of arms and articulations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sonde suspended in a well bore
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the arms of the sonde illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic system which can be used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing further details of the driven members of a sonde with two independent pairs of pad members installed at right angles to one another;
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention which can be used for dip measurements.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sonde similar to that of FIG. 7, but in which the pad pressure is variable.
  • a well bore B is shown extending into the earth and traversing earth formations.
  • a sonde S is suspended on an armored electrical cable or wireline C and is adapted for longitudinal movement through the well bore.
  • longitudinal movement is meant a movement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the well bore B which, in the case of a truly vertical borehole, would be a vertical movement. Movement outwardly to the longitudinal axis of the well bore will, on the other hand, be referred to as lateral" movement.
  • an apparatus in accordance with the principles of the present invention is shown as including an elongated body member 10 having a power section 11 at its upper end and a motor section 12 at its lower end.
  • a plurality of arms 13 and 14 are pivotally coupled to an intermediate portion of the body member 10 and are biased outwardly toward wallengaging positions by spring assemblies 15 and 16.
  • the body member 10 is adapted for suspension in a well bore on an electrical cable or wireline 17.
  • each arm On the central part of the body member 10 are attached pivots or trunnions and 21 extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body member and parallel to each other. On the pivots 20 and 21 are articulated, respectively, two anns l3 and 14. As shown in FIG. 3, each arm has parallel side members 22 and 23 which are spaced apart. The side member 23 is straight, whereas the opposite side member 22 has a bent extremity forming a crank am 24, the crank arm being provided with an open-ended groove 25.
  • a shoe 26 is attached to the opposite end of the members and can have a pressure roller 27 thereon. Another roller 28 can be placed in close proximity to the shoe 26 between the side members 22 and 23.
  • the sonde can be used to measure the diameter of a well bore.
  • the spring assemblies l5 and 16 may be formed by multiple leafs, the leafs being constituted by circular blades of decreasing length placed side-by-sidc so as to obtain a straight shape when arms are in closed position alongside the body member 10.
  • the inner ends of the spring assemblies are mounted in fittings 30 and 31 which can be attached to the body member 10 by pins 32.
  • the other end portions of the spring assemblies rest on the rollers 28 and continuously urge the arms 13 and 14 to swing outwardly.
  • the spring assemblies 15 and 16 are flattened and fit perfectly along side the body member 10, resulting in minimum dimensions for the tool.
  • a driven member 35 is mounted on A the body member 10 and is arranged to slide longitudinally through guides 36 and 37.
  • the member 35 carries two diametrically opposed trunnions 38 and 39 (FIG. 4) extending perpendicular to the member axis.
  • the groove 25 in each crank arm 24 engages a respective trunnion in such a manner that the extension and retraction of the arms 13 and 14 is symmetrical relative to the longitudinal axis of the body member 10.
  • the motor section 12 on the lower portion of the body member I0 is constituted by a control cylinder 40 and a storage cylinder 41 placed in end-to-end relation and separated by a partition 42.
  • the partition 42 has a passage 43 which opens into the interior of the control cylinder 40, and a conduit or tube 44 extends from the passage 43 upwardly along the body member 10 to the power section 11.
  • the storage cylinder 41 is also placed in communication with the power section 11 by means of a passage 45 and a conduit 46. To simplify the drawings, only the end portions of the tubes 44 and 46 have been illustrated by phantom lines.
  • Within the control cylinder 40 slides a control piston 47 equipped with seal rings 48 and carrying a shoulder 49 on which a coil spring 50 rests.
  • the piston 47 functions to control closing of arms 13 and I4 by forcing the driven member 35 upwardly as will be more fully explained hereafter.
  • a floating, pressure balancing piston 53 slides freely within the storage cylinder 41, the piston 53 being equipped with seal rings 54.
  • the balance piston 53 separates the storage cylinder 41 into upper and lower chambers, the lower chamber 56 being in communication with fluids in the well bore, and the upper chamber 57 providing a fluid storage reservoir.
  • the lower extremity of cylinder 41 may be equipped with a protective bottom nose or fitting 58.
  • the motor section 11 has a housing 60 which contains a hydraulic system shown schematically in FIG. 5.
  • the system includes a hydraulic pressure generator such as an electric motor 61 which drives a pump 62 for supplying fluid under pressure to the conduit 44 through a one-way check valve 63, the fluid being supplied via the conduit 46 from the storage chamber 57.
  • a pressure regulator valve 64 can be placed in a conduit 65 to control the maximum working pressure of the system.
  • Another conduit 66 extends between the conduits 44 and 46 and is provided with a typical solenoid-operated valve 67. When the valve 67 is closed and the motor 61 and pump 62 actuated, fluid under pressure is supplied to the cylinder 40 via the conduit 44 and acts on the piston member 47, forcing the piston member to drive the member 35 upwardly relative to the body member 10.
  • the housing 60 also contains measuring equipment.
  • a potentiometer 70 is shown in which the cursor is driven by a linkage rod 71 passing through the bottom wall 74 of the housing 60 and attached by a bracket 72 to the driven member 35. Fluid leakage along the linkage rod 71 is prevented by a seal ring 73.
  • the various electrical controls and the terminals of the potentiometer are coupled to connectors 75 which pass through the upper wall 76 of the housing 60 for connection with the conductors in the wireline on cable 17.
  • the arms 13 and 14 may be closed, particularly during lowering into the well bore.
  • the hydraulic system is placed in operation as previously described and is supplied with fluid from storage chamber 57 through the passage 45 and the conduit 46. Fluid under pressure is then delivered through the other conduit 44 and passage 43 into the control cylinder 40 below the piston 47.
  • the fluid pressure develops upward force on the piston 47 which drives the member 35 upwardly.
  • the force is applied by the trunnions 38 and 39 to the crank portions 24 of the arms 13 and 14, tending to cause the arms to swing in wardly about the pivot pins 20 and 21.
  • sufiicient upward force is developed on the member 35 to overcome the tendency of the spring assemblies and 16 to urge the arms outwardly, the arms will fold into vertical positions alongside the body member 10.
  • FIG. 2 Although only two arms have been illustrated in FIG. 2, this device is readily adaptable to a structure with four arms and in which each pair of arms is independent of the other so as to form a double caliper. In actual fact, it suffices to mount two concentric driven members, one within the other, each of the members being coupled with a pair of arms.
  • the upper portions of two such members 350 and 35b are illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • Member 35a in similar manner to the element 35 in FIG. 2, is equipped with diametrically opposed trunnions 38a and 39a.
  • the member 350 is hollow and has two longitudinal slots 79 and 80 located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of trunnions 38a and 390.
  • a second driven member 35b capable of telescopic reception within the member 350, has a transversely extending hole in which a shaft 81 passing through the longitudinal slots 79 and 80 in member 350 is mounted.
  • the driven members 35a and 35b are mounted on the body member of the sonde in an identical manner to that shown in FIG. 2, but carrying two additional main arms equipped with blade springs and located in a plane perpendicular to the plane passing through arms 13 and 14.
  • the grooves 25 of crank arms 24 and 25 engage the trunnions 38a and 39a, and the grooves of the additional arms engage the end portions of the shaft 81.
  • Brackets 72a and 72b can be mounted on the respective members 35a and 35b in such a manner as to control two different potentiometers giving readings of the two main diameters of the well bore.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention which is particularly suited for dip measurement operations.
  • the sonde carries four pads, only two of which are shown in the drawings to simplify the illustration.
  • an elongated body member 1 10 has at its upper portion a sealed power section 111, and, at its lower portion, a motor section 112 including a power cylinder 140 and a storage cylinder 141 separated by a partition 142.
  • a power piston 147 slides within the cylinder 140, whereas a pressure balancing piston 53 slides within the storage cylinder 14].
  • Blade spring assemblies and 1 16 are attached to the body member 110 by respective fittings 130 and 131 and have their free ends slidably engaging pad structures 183 and 184.
  • the main arms 113 and 114 are articulated or pivoted on pivot pins and 121.
  • Each of these arms has two side members 122 and 123, one member having a bent crank arm 124 with a groove 125 which engages on the end portions of a shaft 181 mounted on an inner driven member b and passing through longitudinal slots 179 in the outer driven member 135a.
  • the other pair of pad members are articulated on the body member 110 in the same manner and have crank arms coacting with side trunnions on the outer member 135a in the same manner as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the pad structures 183 and 184 which may be equipped with typical measuring electrodes, are slidably mounted on supports 185 and 186. These supports are articulated on the main arms 113 and 114 by means of pivot pins 187 and 188. The lower ends of the pad structures 183 and 184 are articulated on the body member 110 by means of a system of Y" shaped arm configurations, each configuration having a long side 189 or 190 of the same length as the main arms 113 and 114, and a short side 191 or 192.
  • Each of the long sides 189 or 190 has three pivot connections: one pivot 193 or 194 is articulated on the pad; the second pivot 195 or 196 slides in a longitudinal slot 197 or 198 in the body member 1 the central pivot 199 or 200 located at an equal distance from pivots 193 and 195 (or 194 and 196) is articulated on the short side 191 and 192.
  • the short sides 191 or 192 are articulated at pivot points 201 or 202 on the body member 110 and have two side members of unequal length, the longest of the two side members having a crank arm 203 and a slot 204 which is engaged on one of the two lower trunnions 205 on the inner driven member 135b.
  • the distance between pivot points 199 and 201 of a short side 191 is equal to one-half the distance between the pivot points 193 and 195 of a long side 189. The same is the case for the Y" system articulation for the other pad'structures.
  • the length of the driven member 135b between the trunnions 205 and 181 is equal to the distance between pivots 120 and 202.
  • DFC is a right triangle with DC being the hypotenuse.
  • angle FDE is equal to angle EFD which, itself, is equal to BAF.
  • Ouadrilateral ABCD is, therefore, arranged in such a manner that the pad structure side remains parallel to AD, and to the axis of the sonde. Accordingly, the pad structures 183 and 184 separate from the sonde with a movement perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, and remain constantly parallel with this axis.
  • the sonde also has two other pad structures located in a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the body member 110 and perpendicular to the section plane on the figure. These pads, together with their articulated arms, are in every way identical to the pad structures 183 and 184 and are attached to an outer driven member 1350 within which the inner member 135b slides in the same manner as previously described with reference to FIG. 6.
  • Linkages couple the upper ends of the members 135a and 135b to respective cursors of potentiometers as described with respect to FIG. 2.
  • a dip measurement probe is provided with two independent pairs of pad structures located at right angles to one another and fulfilling the mobility conditions previously described, and is attained in a very simple manner.
  • a spring fitting constructed and arranged in such a manner as to make the spring pressure vary according to the characteristics of the measuring operation (e.g., diameter, deviation).
  • the fittings 130 and 131 which can rotate around pivot pins 120 and 121, are locked by pins 207 and 208.
  • pins 207 and 208 By providing for several pin holes such as 209 and 209' for the pins 207 and 208, it is possible to place the base of the spring assemblies and 116 at different angles. It is thus possible to select stronger pressures for large diameter or highly deviated well conditions.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a dip measurement sonde in which the outward pressure of the pads can be remotely controlled.
  • On the body member 210 are articulated pads 283 and 284 which separate under the influence of springs 21S and 216 in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 5.
  • This embodiment is, furthermore, equipped with a pad pressure control device.
  • the fittings 230 and 231 of the springs 21S and 216 are mounted on pivot pins 220 and 221.
  • At the upper extremity of the fittings are installed rollers 21] and 212 which rest on the slopes of the internal surfaces of a slider 213. The slopes are inclined relative to the axis of the sonde at their upper part and are parallel to this axis on their lower part.
  • the slider 213 is coupled to a central rod 218 sliding within a driven member 235, the slider being attached by transverse members extending through elongated lost-motion slots in the wall of the member 235.
  • the driven member 235 may consist of two concentric tubes as illustrated in FIG. 6, with the inner tube having a bore in which the central rod 218 is slidably received.
  • the central rod 218 carries a flange 219 at its lower end and screws into a power piston 247.
  • the piston 247 is double acting, that is to say, that oil under pressure can be applied selectively to its lower surface or its upper surface.
  • the piston 247 can move within a cylinder 240 having passages 243 and 245 capable of being alternately connected to the outlet of a hydraulic pressure generator located in the upper housing 260 of the tool.
  • a seal ring 217 prevents fluid leakage between the cylinder 240 and the driven member 235.
  • the body member carries an oil storage cylinder or reservoir 241 closed by a floating balance piston 253 at its lower portion.
  • the sonde is illustrated in measuring position with maximum blade spring force.
  • oil is delivered to the lower part of the control cylinder 240.
  • the piston moves upwardly, driving the member 235 which moves the slider 213 upwardly.
  • the rollers 21 1 and 212 can move outwardly of the axis of the sonde, and the fittings 230 and 231 can rotate about the pivot pins 220 and 221, thus reducing the force applied by the springs 215 and 216 to the pads 283 and 284.
  • the power piston 247 remains at the height engendered by the desired pressure if the hydraulic pressure generator is stopped.
  • the minimum pressure is obtained when the rollers 211 and 212 rest on those parts of the slopes of the slider 213 which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sonde. in this position, the flange 219 is at the end of its travel and against the lower surface of the driven member 235 and the pads are separated at maximum distance. If an upward movement continues to be engendered in the piston 247, the flange 219 pushes the driven member 235 upwardly and closes the pads. The opening or reverse movement of the pads is obtained by delivering oil under pressure into the upper part of control cylinder 240 via the passage 245.
  • the relative position of the driven member 235 can be taken by means of a potentiometer (not shown) placed, for example, in the sealed housing 260 and in which the cursor is attached to the driven member by means of a linkage or rod 271 similar to that used in the embodiment previously described for measuring diameters.
  • the invention is not limited to the details described hereabove.
  • the few examples illustrated in the drawings show, in actual fact, that the invention can be adapted to numerous types of sondes, with two or four pads, diameter taking or dip measuring sondes, and sondes with fixed or variable pad pressure.
  • the pads can be equipped with electrodes or any other transducer according to the type of measurement desired.
  • a new and improved sonde apparatus having articulated arms has been disclosed.
  • the apparatus is constructed and arranged for minimum dimensions and weight, and the various pivot connections are subjected to reduced wearing action during use. Since various changes or modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concepts involved, it is the aim of the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications falling within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • a body member adapted to be moved longitudinally through a well bore; a plurality of arms attached to said body member, one end portion of each arm having a pivot connection to said body member so that said arms are movable by pivotal rotation between retracted positions alongside said body member and extended positions at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said body member; guide means on said body member above said pivot connections, said guide means functioning to guide a driven member slidable longitudinally along said body member and extending between locations above said guide means and below said pivot connections; coupling means between the pivoted end of each arm and said driven member arranged so that longitudinai movement of said driven member is translated to pivotal rotation of said arms, and vice-versa; spring means mounted to the sides of said body member and having portions extending outwardly thereof arranged and adapted to continuously urge pivotal rotation of said arms toward extended positions; and selectively operable motor means carried by said body member below said driven member and adapted to contact the lower end thereof to force said driven
  • said spring means is constituted by a plurality of arcuate members, each of said arcuate members comprising at least one blade having one end arranged to press outwardly on'a respective one of said arms.
  • said selectively operable motor means includes piston and cylinder means, one of which is attached to said body member and the other of which is engageable with the lower end of said driven member; and means for supplying fluid under pressure to said piston and cylinder means.
  • the apparatus of claim 3 further including a reservoir below said piston and cylinder means for storing fluid supplied to said piston and cylinder means.
  • the apparatus of claim 4 further including means for balancing the pressure of fluids in said storage chamber with the hydrostatic pressure of fluids in a well bore.
  • Apparatus for use in making measurements in a well bore comprising: a body member adapted to be moved longitudinally through a well bore; two independent pairs of arms located at right angles around said body member, one end portion of each arm having a pivot connection to said body member so that said arms are movable by pivotal rotation between retracted positions alongside said body member and extended positions at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said body member; guide means on said body member above said pivot connections, said guide means functioning to guide two independently slidable driven members movable longitudinally along said body member, each driven member extending between locations above said guide means and below said pivotal connections; coupling means between the pivoted end portions of each pair of arms and a respective one of said driven members arranged so that longitudinal movement of each driven member is translated to pivotal rotation of a respective pair of said arms, and vice versa; spring means mounted to the sides of said body member and having portions extending outwardly thereof in the plane of pivotal rotation of each pair of arms and arranged and adapted to continuously urge pivotal rotation of said arms
  • said driven members comprise concentrically disposed tubes, said coupling means coupling the inner one of said tubes to one pair of said arms and the outer one of said tubes to the other pair of said arms.
  • said driven members comprise concentrically disposed tubes, the inner tube carrying a transversely disposed trunnion pin having end portions extending through longitudinally extending elongated slots in the wall of the outer tube, said outer tube having oppositely disposed trunnions located at right angles with respect to said trunnion pin, said coupling means comprising crank means on the end portions of each arm, the crank means for one pair of arms having sliding connections with the end portions of said trunnion pin, the crank means for the other pair of arms having sliding connections with said oppositely disposed trunnions.
  • said motor means includes piston and cylinder means on said body member, said piston means being engageable with the lower ends of said driven members; means for supplying fluid under pressure to said piston and cylinder means to cause said piston means to engage said driven members; and biasing means for urging said piston means out of engagement with said driven members during measuring operations.
  • the apparatus of claim 10 further including a reservoir for storing fluid to be supplied to said piston and cylinder means.
  • the apparatus of claim 11 further including means for balancing the pressure of fluids in said reservoir with the hydrostatic pressure of fluids in the well bore.
  • an elongated boys having upper and lower axially disposed guide means and a driven member slidable through said guide means; at least one pair of oppositely disposed anns, each arm having one end pivotally connected to said body intermediate said guide means, the pivot connections for a respective pair of said arms being disposed on lateral opposite sides of said driven member; coupling means on said driven member and said arms for translating pivotal rotation of said arms about said pivotal connections to axial sliding movement of said driven member with respect to said body; spring means including elongated blade structures, each having one end connected to an upper portion of said body and the other end pressing against a respective one of said arms, arranged to continuously urge the other ends of said arms outwardly of said body; means for varying the pressure with which said blade structures press against said arms; and selectively operable motor means carried by said body below said lower guide means for forcing axial sliding movement of said driven member with respect to said body in a direction to cause inward movement of said other ends of said arms.
  • Apparatus for use in making measurements in a well bore comprising: an elongated body body adapted to be lowered into a well bore on a cable, said body member having axially disposed guide means and a driven member slidable along said body member through said guide means; at least one pair of wall-engaging pad structures, each of said pad structures being mounted for lateral movement relative to said body member between retracted positions alongside said body member and extended positions engaging a well bore wall; arm means having pivotal connections to said body member for mounting said pad structures on said body member in a manner to enable said movement between retracted and extended positions; coupling means on said arm means and said driven member for translating pivotal rotation of said arm means about said pivotal connections to axial sliding motion of said driven member with respect to said body member; spring means including arcuate members extending outwardly of said body member, said arcuate members comprising blades having one end attached to said body member and the other end slidably engaging a respective pad structure and arranged to press against said pad structures behind central portions thereof
  • said selectively operable motor means includes piston and cylinder means, one of said piston and cylinder means being to engage said driven member, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to said piston and cylinder means.
  • each of said arm means includes a plurality of pivotally connected links constructed and arranged to define, together with said body member and pad structures, an articulated quadrilateral in such a manner that the pad structures remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of said body member during lateral inward and outward movement relative to said body member.
  • Apparatus for use in making measurements in a well bore comprising: an elongated body; two independent pairs of pad structures located at right angles around said body, said pad structures being movable laterally inwardly and outwardly of said body; arm means for articulating said pairs of pad structures on said body member, the ends of said ann means being pivotally attached to said body and said pad structures in a manner whereby lateral movement of said pad structures corresponds to pivotal rotation of said arm means; spring means including a plurality of arcuate blade structures, each blade structure having one end mounted to the side of said body and the other end pressing outwardly against a respective pad structure for biasing said pad structures outwardly; first and second concentrically arranged driven members on said body movable longitudinally relative to one another and to said body; means for translating pivotal rotation of the arm means for respective pairs of said pad structures to longitudinal movement of respective ones of said first and second driven members; said first and second members being adapted for coupling to means for detecting the extent of longitudinal movement of said driven members relative to said
  • the apparatus of claim 18 further including means for increasing or decreasing the bias force afforded by said blade structures to correspondingly increase or decrease the amount of pressure exerted by the pad structures against a well bore wall.
  • an apparatus for use in investigating earth formations traversed by a borehole comprising: an elongated body member adapted for longitudinal movement through a borehole; a plurality of wall-engaging members movable between retracted positions alongside said body member and extended positions engaging a well bore wall; slide members upon which said wall engaging members are slidably mounted, said slide members being coupled to said body member and arranged to move longitudinally with respect to said body member and said wall-engaging members; a plurality of main arms coupling different slide members to said body member; linkage means connected between said wall-engaging members and said body member, said linkage means being arranged for permitting transverse movement of said wall-engaging members with respect to said body member while preventing longitudinal movement therebetween; spring means for forcing said wall-engaging members against the well bore wall with a preselected pressure, said spring means including a plurality of blade springs, each having one end attached to said body member and its other end slidably engaging a respective slide member at a point behind the center portion of
  • said motor means includes a hydraulically operated piston and cylinder means located on said body member below said driven means, one of said piston and cylinder means being coupled in force transmitting relationship to said driven means.
  • the apparatus of claim 21 further including a storage reservoir for storing fluid to operate said piston 2st as sesas' s'aaesmt'zssslsastsi means.
  • said retracting means includes crank arms on said main arms and at least some of said linkage means, projections on said driven means, and sliding connections between said crank arms and said projections.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Measuring Leads Or Probes (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
US115767A 1967-11-02 1971-02-16 Sondes with articulated arms used in well logging Expired - Lifetime US3685158A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR126822 1967-11-02

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US3685158A true US3685158A (en) 1972-08-22

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US (1) US3685158A (nl)
DE (1) DE1803736A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES359793A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR1549531A (nl)
GB (1) GB1242252A (nl)
NL (2) NL156783B (nl)
NO (1) NO126542B (nl)
OA (1) OA02917A (nl)
SU (1) SU480222A3 (nl)

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DE2445835A1 (de) * 1973-10-25 1975-04-30 Finike Italiana Marposs Bewegliches messystem fuer eine messlehre vom direkt beruehrenden typ
US3940855A (en) * 1974-07-19 1976-03-02 T. D. Williamson, Inc. Pipeline pig
US3978924A (en) * 1975-10-28 1976-09-07 Dresser Industries, Inc. Hidden bow spring for calipers and centralizers
US4251773A (en) * 1977-06-24 1981-02-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for exploration of geological formation tilt in boreholes
US4307514A (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-12-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Bore diameter measurement gage
FR2512488A1 (fr) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-11 Schlumberger Prospection Procede et dispositif de diagraphie utilisant une sonde equipee de patins de mesure
FR2545872A1 (fr) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-16 Schlumberger Prospection Appareil de centrage d'un outil dans un puits tube en particulier pour puits devie
US4757873A (en) * 1986-11-25 1988-07-19 Nl Industries, Inc. Articulated transducer pad assembly for acoustic logging tool
EP0235478A3 (en) * 1985-12-30 1989-10-25 Schlumberger Limited Borehole casing diagnostic apparatus
US4979585A (en) * 1989-10-02 1990-12-25 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Compound suspension linkage
US4982505A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-01-08 Silvano Pocci Gauge for measuring both the depth and the diameter of a bore hole
EP0452044A2 (en) * 1990-04-10 1991-10-16 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Multiple caliper arm downhole tool
US5092056A (en) * 1989-09-08 1992-03-03 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Reversed leaf spring energizing system for wellbore caliper arms
US5548900A (en) * 1993-09-20 1996-08-27 Hunt-Grubbe; Robert H. Measuring instruments
EP1243751A1 (de) * 2001-03-21 2002-09-25 KELLER GRUNDBAU GmbH Vorrichtung zum Messen des Radius bzw. Durchmessers von Hohlräumen
EP1350917A2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-08 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Mechanism that assists tractoring on uniform and non-uniform surfaces
EP1412605A2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2004-04-28 Rotary Drilling Technology, LLC. Improved stabilizer for use in a drill string
US20060064889A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole caliper tool
US20060070433A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole caliper tool using ultrasonic transducer
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CN104790940A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-07-22 成都大漠石油机械有限公司 一种油井垂直度测量辅助装置
GB2545914A (en) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-05 Huyton Stuart Adjustable roller centralizer
CN107740687A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-02-27 巴音郭楞职业技术学院 井径测井仪
US9976407B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2018-05-22 Reeves Wireline Technologies Limited Logging tool and method of use
CN108180810A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-19 湖南天洋信息科技有限公司 一种气电量仪及应用该气电量仪的测量方法
US10030503B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-07-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Spring with integral borehole wall applied sensor
US10240440B2 (en) * 2015-10-23 2019-03-26 Don Umphries Total control perforator and system
US10287834B2 (en) * 2014-12-24 2019-05-14 Reeves Wireline Technologies Limited Logging tool
US10358907B2 (en) * 2017-04-17 2019-07-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Self retracting wall contact well logging sensor
CN110318739A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2019-10-11 长安大学 一种防爆型井壁直径测量装置
US11021920B2 (en) 2015-04-02 2021-06-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole tools and methods of controlling downhole tools
CN112878993A (zh) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种板簧式六臂分动井径测量仪
US11414985B2 (en) * 2020-05-28 2022-08-16 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Measuring wellbore cross-sections using downhole caliper tools
US11442193B2 (en) 2019-05-17 2022-09-13 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Passive arm for bi-directional well logging instrument
US12012846B2 (en) 2021-12-30 2024-06-18 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc Borehole geometry sensor and running tool assemblies and methods to deploy a completion component in a lateral bore

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FR2844297B1 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2005-07-01 Schlumberger Services Petrol Sonde de mesure pour un puits d'hydrocarbures
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Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2445835A1 (de) * 1973-10-25 1975-04-30 Finike Italiana Marposs Bewegliches messystem fuer eine messlehre vom direkt beruehrenden typ
US3940855A (en) * 1974-07-19 1976-03-02 T. D. Williamson, Inc. Pipeline pig
US3978924A (en) * 1975-10-28 1976-09-07 Dresser Industries, Inc. Hidden bow spring for calipers and centralizers
US4251773A (en) * 1977-06-24 1981-02-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for exploration of geological formation tilt in boreholes
US4307514A (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-12-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Bore diameter measurement gage
US4614250A (en) * 1981-09-09 1986-09-30 Schlumberger Technology Corp. Logging method and apparatus using a sonde equipped with measuring pads
FR2512488A1 (fr) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-11 Schlumberger Prospection Procede et dispositif de diagraphie utilisant une sonde equipee de patins de mesure
EP0074317A2 (fr) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-16 Societe De Prospection Electrique Schlumberger Procédé et dispositif de diagraphie utilisant une sonde équipée de patins de mesure
US5022484A (en) * 1981-09-09 1991-06-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Logging method and apparatus using a sonde equipped with measuring pads
EP0074317A3 (en) * 1981-09-09 1985-09-18 Societe De Prospection Electrique Schlumberger Logging method and apparatus using a probe equipped with measuring pads
EP0125993A1 (fr) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-21 Societe De Prospection Electrique Schlumberger Appareil de centrage d'un outil dans un puits tubé en particulier pour puits dévié
FR2545872A1 (fr) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-16 Schlumberger Prospection Appareil de centrage d'un outil dans un puits tube en particulier pour puits devie
EP0235478A3 (en) * 1985-12-30 1989-10-25 Schlumberger Limited Borehole casing diagnostic apparatus
US4757873A (en) * 1986-11-25 1988-07-19 Nl Industries, Inc. Articulated transducer pad assembly for acoustic logging tool
US5092056A (en) * 1989-09-08 1992-03-03 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Reversed leaf spring energizing system for wellbore caliper arms
US4979585A (en) * 1989-10-02 1990-12-25 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Compound suspension linkage
EP0452044A2 (en) * 1990-04-10 1991-10-16 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Multiple caliper arm downhole tool
EP0452044A3 (en) * 1990-04-10 1992-09-16 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Multiple caliper arm downhole tool
US4982505A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-01-08 Silvano Pocci Gauge for measuring both the depth and the diameter of a bore hole
US5548900A (en) * 1993-09-20 1996-08-27 Hunt-Grubbe; Robert H. Measuring instruments
EP1243751A1 (de) * 2001-03-21 2002-09-25 KELLER GRUNDBAU GmbH Vorrichtung zum Messen des Radius bzw. Durchmessers von Hohlräumen
EP1412605A2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2004-04-28 Rotary Drilling Technology, LLC. Improved stabilizer for use in a drill string
EP1412605A4 (en) * 2001-06-29 2006-01-04 Rotary Drilling Technology Llc IMPROVED STABILIZER FOR USE IN A DRILLING ROD
EP1350917A2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-08 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Mechanism that assists tractoring on uniform and non-uniform surfaces
EP1350917A3 (en) * 2002-04-02 2005-03-16 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Mechanism that assists tractoring on uniform and non-uniform surfaces
US20060064889A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole caliper tool
US20060070433A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole caliper tool using ultrasonic transducer
US7069775B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2006-07-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole caliper tool using ultrasonic transducer
US7131210B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2006-11-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Borehole caliper tool
US20110048702A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Jacob Gregoire Interleaved arm system for logging a wellbore and method for using same
US20110048801A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Jacob Gregoire Method and apparatus for controlled bidirectional movement of an oilfield tool in a wellbore environment
US8579037B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2013-11-12 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for controlled bidirectional movement of an oilfield tool in a wellbore environment
US8365822B2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2013-02-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Interleaved arm system for logging a wellbore and method for using same
WO2012028259A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Services Petroliers Schlumberger An anti-locking device for use with an arm system for logging a wellbore and method for using same
WO2012028258A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Services Petroliers Schlumberger An arm system for logging a wellbore and method for using same
US8464791B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2013-06-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Arm system for logging a wellbore and method for using same
US8485253B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2013-07-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Anti-locking device for use with an arm system for logging a wellbore and method for using same
CN102680645A (zh) * 2011-01-10 2012-09-19 Pii有限公司 用于管道检测的装置
EP2474771A3 (en) * 2011-01-10 2013-07-31 PII Limited Apparatus for pipeline inspection
CN103061751B (zh) * 2012-11-30 2015-04-08 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所 基于液压原理的微球密度井径组合推靠器和测井仪
CN103061751A (zh) * 2012-11-30 2013-04-24 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所 基于液压原理的微球密度井径组合推靠器和测井仪
US20140333307A1 (en) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Downhole Salinity Measurement
US9429012B2 (en) * 2013-05-07 2016-08-30 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Downhole salinity measurement
US9976407B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2018-05-22 Reeves Wireline Technologies Limited Logging tool and method of use
CN104121008A (zh) * 2014-07-18 2014-10-29 北京中石曙光科技有限公司 一种推靠装置和具有该装置的石油测井仪
CN104121008B (zh) * 2014-07-18 2017-01-11 北京中石曙光科技有限公司 一种推靠装置和具有该装置的石油测井仪
US10287834B2 (en) * 2014-12-24 2019-05-14 Reeves Wireline Technologies Limited Logging tool
US10030503B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-07-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Spring with integral borehole wall applied sensor
CN104712319A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-06-17 成都大漠石油机械有限公司 油井倾斜度测量装置
CN104790940A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-07-22 成都大漠石油机械有限公司 一种油井垂直度测量辅助装置
CN104790937A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-07-22 成都大漠石油机械有限公司 油井井况实时监测机构
US11021920B2 (en) 2015-04-02 2021-06-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole tools and methods of controlling downhole tools
US10240440B2 (en) * 2015-10-23 2019-03-26 Don Umphries Total control perforator and system
GB2545914A (en) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-05 Huyton Stuart Adjustable roller centralizer
US10358907B2 (en) * 2017-04-17 2019-07-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Self retracting wall contact well logging sensor
CN107740687B (zh) * 2017-10-17 2020-10-23 巴音郭楞职业技术学院 井径测井仪
CN107740687A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-02-27 巴音郭楞职业技术学院 井径测井仪
CN108180810A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-19 湖南天洋信息科技有限公司 一种气电量仪及应用该气电量仪的测量方法
US11442193B2 (en) 2019-05-17 2022-09-13 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Passive arm for bi-directional well logging instrument
CN110318739A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2019-10-11 长安大学 一种防爆型井壁直径测量装置
CN110318739B (zh) * 2019-07-29 2024-05-14 长安大学 一种防爆型井壁直径测量装置
US11414985B2 (en) * 2020-05-28 2022-08-16 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Measuring wellbore cross-sections using downhole caliper tools
CN112878993A (zh) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种板簧式六臂分动井径测量仪
US12012846B2 (en) 2021-12-30 2024-06-18 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc Borehole geometry sensor and running tool assemblies and methods to deploy a completion component in a lateral bore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1803736B2 (nl) 1970-08-06
NL156783B (nl) 1978-05-16
GB1242252A (en) 1971-08-11
NL7803560A (nl) 1978-07-31
SU480222A3 (ru) 1975-08-05
NL6814910A (nl) 1969-05-06
OA02917A (fr) 1970-12-15
FR1549531A (nl) 1968-12-13
DE1803736A1 (de) 1969-06-26
ES359793A1 (es) 1970-06-16
NO126542B (nl) 1973-02-19

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