US3677325A - Process of submerged nozzle continuous casting using a basalt flux - Google Patents
Process of submerged nozzle continuous casting using a basalt flux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3677325A US3677325A US76264A US3677325DA US3677325A US 3677325 A US3677325 A US 3677325A US 76264 A US76264 A US 76264A US 3677325D A US3677325D A US 3677325DA US 3677325 A US3677325 A US 3677325A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- basalt
- process according
- percent
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003901 Crambe Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220246 Crambe <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010001 Silicosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A process of submerged nozzle continuous casting wherein there is used, as a flux layer on the upper surface of the molten metal in the casting mould, a flux composition including the mineral basalt.
- This invention relates to the submerged nozzle continuous casting of metals, particularly steel.
- molten metal is tecmed from a tundish via a noule into a mould, usually of copper and water cooled, from the base of which a solidified strand of metal is continuously withdrawn.
- the base of the nozzle is below the level of molten metal in the mould.
- a lubricant is not without considerable difficulty, especially for steel casting.
- One class of lubricants which has been used are unsaturated fatty oils, in particular rape and crambe oils. These materials, however, are in short supply, expensive and do not give an optimum lubrication. Alteration of their properties to suit the metal and casting temperature is not easy.
- a further class of lubricants which are widely used are fluxtype materials which melt to give a glaze-like. lubricant. Typical of these are blast furnace slag, fly ash and high softening point glasses. These may be matched to the metal and casting temperature by the addition of fluorides, but this introduces an undesirable health hazard from the fluorine-containing fumes produced in use. The glass types also present, in crushed form, a silicosis hazard.
- a further disadvantage of the flux types of lubricant is the variability of the materials from one batch to the next, both in terms of melting point, and lubricating efficiency. However, these lubricants have an advantage over the fatty oils in that they are cheaper and that they can be used so as to form a pool of cleansing and refining slag above the solidifying metal.
- covering flux compositions of particular effectiveness and of satisfactory heat-insulation ability may be formulated using the mineral basalt as one ingredient.
- a process of submerged nozzle continuous casting wherein there is used, as a flux layer on the upper surface of the molten metal in the casting mould, a flux composition including the mineral basalt to an extent of 40-80 percent by weight.
- the flux composition consists substantially of basalt, one or more fluxing agents (e.g. sodium carbonate, calcium fluoride) and blast furnace slag.
- fluxing agents e.g. sodium carbonate, calcium fluoride
- Particularly preferred fluxes contain about equal weight proportions of basalt and blast furnace slag.
- the proportion of fluxing agent if included is preferably up to 10 percent by weght.
- compositions which may be present in the composition include perlite and vermiculite, preferably in an amount of l-l percent by weight. These greatly enhance the heat-insulation ability of the flux cover, as well as being of value in the flux composition. It is preferred that in such a composition the particle size of the perlite or vermiculite is all between 0.15 mm and 0.075 mm.
- Carbon may also be present in the flux composition to enhance its heat insulative properties by hindering the tendency of the other components of the flux composition to sinter together.
- the proportion of carbon, if included, is preferably up to percent by weight.
- the proportion of blast furnace slag, if included in the flux composition is preferably 30-50 percent by weight.
- Basalt is a widely distributed plentiful mineral which is cheap and not subject to great variation. Generally, basalt softens at about 1,000" C and becomes sufliciently fluid at about 1,500" C to act as an excellent flux for casting steel. Molten basalt is a good solvent for iron oxides and acts well as a lubricant.
- all the ingredients in any particular flux composition have about the same melting range. This ensures that in use the composition stays as a heat insulating powder until it reaches a high temperature as it approaches the molten metal surface, and that melting is uniform throughout.
- the particle size of all components in the flux composition is preferably mostly 0.15 mm to 0.05 mm.
- the application rate of the flux composition to the molten metal may vary widely but is usually from 0.5 to 1.5 kg/tonne of metal cast.
- EXAMPLE 1 A flux composition was made up of, by weight blast furnace slag crushed basalt calcium fluoride perlite (all 0.15 mm to 0.075 mm) 5%
- EXAMPLE 2 A flux composition was made up of, by weight blast furnace slag 42.5% crushed basalt 42.5% calcium fluoride 5% perlite (all 0.15 mm to 0.075 mm.) 5% carbon 5% This composition was tested in similar fashion to that' described in Example 1, but at an addition rate of only 0.5 kgltonne. Similarly high-quality results were obtained.
- the improvement which comprises using a flux composition including, to an extent of 40-80 percent by weight, the mineral basalt.
- the flux composition consists substantially of basalt,up to 10 percent by weight of at least one fluxing agent, and up to 50 percent by weight of blast furnace slag.
- a process according to claim 2 wherein the fluxing agent is selected from the class consisting of sodium carbonate and calcium fluoride.
- the flux composition contains l-lO percent by weight of a material selected from the class consisting of vermiculite and perlite.
- a process according to claim 5 wherein the said material is all of particle size 0.15 mm to 0.075 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB49929/69A GB1261428A (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1969-10-10 | Continuous casting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3677325A true US3677325A (en) | 1972-07-18 |
Family
ID=10454040
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76264A Expired - Lifetime US3677325A (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-09-28 | Process of submerged nozzle continuous casting using a basalt flux |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3677325A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS5250726B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA924868A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2049720A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2064245B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1261428A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3899324A (en) * | 1973-03-16 | 1975-08-12 | Scm Corp | Flux for continuous casting of steel |
| US3937269A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-02-10 | Crucible Inc | Mold powder composition and method for continuously casting employing the same |
| US3949803A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1976-04-13 | Foseco International Limited | Method of casting molten metal using mold additives |
| US3964916A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1976-06-22 | Corning Glass Works | Casting powder |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5546645A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1980-04-01 | Sony Corp | Head phone |
| SE8301244L (sv) * | 1983-03-08 | 1984-09-09 | Ferrox Ab | Platta |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US79681A (en) * | 1868-07-07 | Improvement in the-mintjfacture of iron from titaniferoos iron ores | ||
| US3340045A (en) * | 1964-08-05 | 1967-09-05 | G E Smith Inc | Methods of slag and metal treatment with perlite |
| US3587719A (en) * | 1968-12-21 | 1971-06-28 | Mannesmann Ag | Molten metal supply apparatus for preventing oxide contamination in continuously cast steel products |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1096706A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1967-12-29 | Foseco Int | Production of steel ingots |
| FR1532104A (fr) * | 1967-07-24 | 1968-07-05 | Vitkovice Zelezarny | Mélange scorifiant synthétique pour la coulée de lingots d'acier |
| FR1550283A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1967-10-30 | 1968-12-20 | ||
| FR1584146A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1968-08-13 | 1969-12-12 |
-
1969
- 1969-10-10 GB GB49929/69A patent/GB1261428A/en not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-09-28 US US76264A patent/US3677325A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-10-09 JP JP45088378A patent/JPS5250726B1/ja active Pending
- 1970-10-09 DE DE19702049720 patent/DE2049720A1/de active Pending
- 1970-10-09 CA CA095232A patent/CA924868A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-12 FR FR7036730A patent/FR2064245B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US79681A (en) * | 1868-07-07 | Improvement in the-mintjfacture of iron from titaniferoos iron ores | ||
| US3340045A (en) * | 1964-08-05 | 1967-09-05 | G E Smith Inc | Methods of slag and metal treatment with perlite |
| US3587719A (en) * | 1968-12-21 | 1971-06-28 | Mannesmann Ag | Molten metal supply apparatus for preventing oxide contamination in continuously cast steel products |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3949803A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1976-04-13 | Foseco International Limited | Method of casting molten metal using mold additives |
| US3899324A (en) * | 1973-03-16 | 1975-08-12 | Scm Corp | Flux for continuous casting of steel |
| US3937269A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-02-10 | Crucible Inc | Mold powder composition and method for continuously casting employing the same |
| US3964916A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1976-06-22 | Corning Glass Works | Casting powder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5250726B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-12-27 |
| DE2049720A1 (de) | 1971-04-22 |
| CA924868A (en) | 1973-04-24 |
| FR2064245B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-02-01 |
| GB1261428A (en) | 1972-01-26 |
| FR2064245A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-07-16 |
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