US3676371A - High output electrode with stabilized electric arc - Google Patents
High output electrode with stabilized electric arc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3676371A US3676371A US7235A US3676371DA US3676371A US 3676371 A US3676371 A US 3676371A US 7235 A US7235 A US 7235A US 3676371D A US3676371D A US 3676371DA US 3676371 A US3676371 A US 3676371A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- titanium
- high output
- electric arc
- graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetitanium Chemical compound [B].[Ti] QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical class [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 boron organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/02—Details
- H05B7/06—Electrodes
- H05B7/08—Electrodes non-consumable
- H05B7/085—Electrodes non-consumable mainly consisting of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
Definitions
- ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Ap lication P i rit D t A high output electrode of carbon or graphite and method of making same, according to which the electrode has incor- Jan. 30, Germany ..P o t d th in a tita iun boron ombination o without carbides, said titanium-boron combination preferably containlll ..252/507 ing at least one f the Compounds and '53,, n [58] Field of Search ..252/507, 504, 503 1 Claim, No Drawings The high output operation of electric arc furnaces during which transformer outputs of approximately from 400 to 500 kVA/t are employed require graphite electrodes of high power transmitting ability.
- the electric conductivity of the graphite material had, similar to the thermal shock resistance and the oxidation resistance, to be adapted to the increasing current densities and temperature loads. This was done by employing oil cokes of ever higher grade and very good graphitizing behavior, of higher graphitizing temperatures and additional pitch impregnation which require an additional fumace process for the ordinary finishing step for a post-coking. All of these steps are expensive and raise the costs of the manufacturing process of the electrode. In addition thereto, the impregnation of the electrode, which is necessary for lowering the specific electric resistance of the graphite material, frequently brings about an increased liability to form tears in the graphite electrode or to decrease the resistance of the electrode to breaking.
- an object of the present invention to provide means for increasing the electric load of the electrode and for reducing its liability to oxidation, while maintaining its resistance against tears.
- the finished graphite electrodes will contain titanium borides which will bring about a considerable reduction in the electric resistance of the electrode while increasing the resistance of the electrode against oxidation and while stabilizing the light are when the electrode is being used in the electric arc furnace.
- the titanium borides may be added already directly to the mixture of the raw material which mixture customarily consists of a granular mixture of oil coke, tar and pitch. The said titanium borides will, while unchanged during the manufacturing process of the electrode, become effective only when the electrode is used in the electric arc furnace.
- titanium monoboride TiB titanium monoboride TiB
- TiB titanium diboride TiB
- the titanium is able to absorb considerable quantifies of boron in solid solution so that also this type has the advantages inherent to the present invention.
- a certain proportion of titanium carbide which may form during the graphitizing process at boundary surface reactions of the added particles with the carbon or graphite will have no disturbing or interfering influence.
- the total content in titanium-boron compounds may amount to 20 percent, but preferably will be from 1 to 8 percent.
- the introduction of the borides into the graphite electrode may be effected in difierent ways, namely:
- reaction components By impregnating reaction components and introducing the same into the boron electrode prior to graphitizing the latter.
- the titanium boron compounds will then form during the graphitizing process from a temperature of.
- titaniumboron-alloys titanium monoboride and titanium diboride may be employed.
- TiO and B 0 may be admixed to the electrode raw mixture, and in this instance during the graphitizing process there will be obtained TiO +B O +5 CTiB +5 CO, or 8 C, titanium and B o are added in which instance during the graphitizing process the following reaction is obtained 7Ti+3 B C+B O 7TiB+3 CO.
- titanium components and boron components into an already burned electrode may be effected also by impregnation with titanium silicon compounds and boron organic compounds in organic solution with a subsequent dilution of the solution, for instance, by humidification so that a disintegration of such organic compounds will occur.
- Such disintegration may also be carried out in a purely thermal way.
- EXAMPLE I 7% by weight of oil coke with a granular size of from 4 to 8 mm 14% by weight of oil coke with a granular size of from 2 to 4 mm 18% by weight of oil coke with a granular size of from 0.5 to 2 mm 53.5% by weight of oil coke with a granular size of less than 0.5 mm 4% by weight of TiO dust with a granular size of less than 0.1 mm 3.5% by weight of B 0 with a granular size of less than 0.5 mm
- the thus obtained product was then further processed in a manner customary with the manufacture of carbon or graphite electrodes, i.e., by mixing, pressing, glowing and graphetizing.
- the thus obtained product was then further processed in a manner customary with the manufacture of carbon or graphite electrodes, by mixing, pressing, glowing, and graphetizing, which steps have no harmful effect upon the stabilizing effect of TiO Electrodes produced in conformity with the present invention can absorb a considerably higher electric load, have a higher resistance against oxidation and are characterized by a great stability of the light arc, which is in contrast to normal carbon or graphite electrodes.
- Example I TiO 2 dust with a granular size of less than 0.1 mm has been mentioned, the granular size of TiO, may advantageously be less than 60/],000 mm.
- a high output electrode of carbon material especially carbon electrode and graphite electrode, which includes a titanium-boron combination consisting of at least one of the compounds TiB and TiB of from 1 to 8 percent to thereby improve the oxidation resistance, electrical load ability, and electric arc stability for light are furnace means used in steel making and a remaining part of the electrode amounting to percent and more consists of graphite.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19691904408 DE1904408A1 (de) | 1969-01-30 | 1969-01-30 | Hoechstleistungselektrode mit stabilisiertem Lichtbogen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3676371A true US3676371A (en) | 1972-07-11 |
Family
ID=5723716
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7235A Expired - Lifetime US3676371A (en) | 1969-01-30 | 1970-01-30 | High output electrode with stabilized electric arc |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3676371A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | AT298087B (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE745161A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA922384A (enExample) |
| CH (1) | CH544474A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE1904408A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES374541A1 (enExample) |
| FI (1) | FI50577C (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2029694A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1283562A (enExample) |
| LU (1) | LU60219A1 (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO124752B (enExample) |
| SE (1) | SE346197B (enExample) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4161433A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1979-07-17 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Decomposition of alkali metal amalgams |
| WO1982001018A1 (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-04-01 | Lakes Carbon Corp Great | Titanium diboride-graphite composites |
| EP0084059A4 (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-05-17 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | TiB2-GRAPHITE COMPOSITE. |
| US4465581A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-08-14 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Composite of TiB2 -graphite |
| US6376977B1 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2002-04-23 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Silicon electrode plate |
| WO2004046262A3 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-08-05 | Univ Utah | Integral titanium boride coatings on titanium surfaces and associated methods |
| US20070018139A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-01-25 | Chandran K S R | Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods |
| US20080048154A1 (en) * | 2003-09-20 | 2008-02-28 | Djamschid Amirzadeh-Asl | Method for Improving the Durability of Carbon or Graphite Electrodes by Using Tio2 -Containing Products |
| US20100176339A1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Chandran K S Ravi | Jewelry having titanium boride compounds and methods of making the same |
| US8211278B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2012-07-03 | Alcoa Inc. | Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting |
| CN102822392A (zh) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-12-12 | 日本电极株式会社 | 精炼铝用阴极碳块及其制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4439382A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-03-27 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composites |
| US4377463A (en) | 1981-07-27 | 1983-03-22 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Controlled atmosphere processing of TiB2 /carbon composites |
| JPS58501172A (ja) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-07-21 | グレ−ト レ−クス カ−ボン コ−ポレ−シヨン | 焼結耐火硬質金属 |
| JPS59108294A (ja) * | 1982-11-19 | 1984-06-22 | ユニオン，カ−バイド，コ−ポレ−シヨン | 黒鉛電極の製造方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1024257A (en) * | 1905-04-27 | 1912-04-23 | Gen Electric | Electrode. |
| US3065088A (en) * | 1959-09-30 | 1962-11-20 | Union Carbide Corp | Oxidation-resistant graphite article and method |
| US3174872A (en) * | 1963-01-08 | 1965-03-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Oxidation resistant carbon refractory articles |
-
1969
- 1969-01-30 DE DE19691904408 patent/DE1904408A1/de active Pending
- 1969-10-21 CH CH1571869A patent/CH544474A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-11-19 SE SE15903/69A patent/SE346197B/xx unknown
- 1969-12-03 FI FI693499A patent/FI50577C/fi active
- 1969-12-12 GB GB60666/69A patent/GB1283562A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-12-13 ES ES374541A patent/ES374541A1/es not_active Expired
- 1969-12-20 NO NO5057/69A patent/NO124752B/no unknown
-
1970
- 1970-01-20 AT AT49470A patent/AT298087B/de active
- 1970-01-22 LU LU60219D patent/LU60219A1/xx unknown
- 1970-01-29 BE BE745161D patent/BE745161A/xx unknown
- 1970-01-29 FR FR7003069A patent/FR2029694A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1970-01-30 US US7235A patent/US3676371A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-01-30 CA CA073509A patent/CA922384A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1024257A (en) * | 1905-04-27 | 1912-04-23 | Gen Electric | Electrode. |
| US3065088A (en) * | 1959-09-30 | 1962-11-20 | Union Carbide Corp | Oxidation-resistant graphite article and method |
| US3174872A (en) * | 1963-01-08 | 1965-03-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Oxidation resistant carbon refractory articles |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4161433A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1979-07-17 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Decomposition of alkali metal amalgams |
| WO1982001018A1 (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-04-01 | Lakes Carbon Corp Great | Titanium diboride-graphite composites |
| US4376029A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1983-03-08 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composits |
| EP0084059A4 (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-05-17 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | TiB2-GRAPHITE COMPOSITE. |
| US4465581A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-08-14 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Composite of TiB2 -graphite |
| US6376977B1 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2002-04-23 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Silicon electrode plate |
| US7264682B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2007-09-04 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Titanium boride coatings on titanium surfaces and associated methods |
| WO2004046262A3 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-08-05 | Univ Utah | Integral titanium boride coatings on titanium surfaces and associated methods |
| US20050208213A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2005-09-22 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Titanium boride coatings on titanium surfaces and associated methods |
| US7820129B2 (en) * | 2003-09-20 | 2010-10-26 | Sachtleben Chemie Gmbh | Method for improving the durability of carbon or graphite electrodes by using Tio2—containing products |
| US20080048154A1 (en) * | 2003-09-20 | 2008-02-28 | Djamschid Amirzadeh-Asl | Method for Improving the Durability of Carbon or Graphite Electrodes by Using Tio2 -Containing Products |
| US20070235701A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-10-11 | Chandran K S R | Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods |
| US7459105B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2008-12-02 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods |
| US7501081B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2009-03-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods |
| US20070018139A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-01-25 | Chandran K S R | Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods |
| US20100176339A1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Chandran K S Ravi | Jewelry having titanium boride compounds and methods of making the same |
| US8211278B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2012-07-03 | Alcoa Inc. | Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting |
| CN102822392A (zh) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-12-12 | 日本电极株式会社 | 精炼铝用阴极碳块及其制造方法 |
| EP2554715A4 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2015-03-11 | Nippon Electrode Co Ltd | CATHODIC CARBON BLOCK FOR ALUMINUM FUSION PURPOSES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| CN102822392B (zh) * | 2010-03-30 | 2015-07-08 | 日本电极株式会社 | 精炼铝用阴极碳块及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES374541A1 (es) | 1972-01-01 |
| AT298087B (de) | 1972-04-25 |
| CA922384A (en) | 1973-03-06 |
| SE346197B (enExample) | 1972-06-26 |
| BE745161A (fr) | 1970-07-01 |
| LU60219A1 (enExample) | 1970-03-23 |
| DE1904408A1 (de) | 1970-08-06 |
| GB1283562A (en) | 1972-07-26 |
| NO124752B (enExample) | 1972-05-29 |
| FI50577C (fi) | 1976-04-12 |
| FR2029694A1 (enExample) | 1970-10-23 |
| CH544474A (de) | 1973-11-15 |
| DE1904408B2 (enExample) | 1975-02-13 |
| FI50577B (enExample) | 1975-12-31 |
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