US3674115A - Liquid shock absorbing buffer - Google Patents

Liquid shock absorbing buffer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3674115A
US3674115A US74736A US3674115DA US3674115A US 3674115 A US3674115 A US 3674115A US 74736 A US74736 A US 74736A US 3674115D A US3674115D A US 3674115DA US 3674115 A US3674115 A US 3674115A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
impact
members
buffer device
safety buffer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US74736A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bruce O Young
Grant W Walker
Duane B Ford
Wan Seegmiller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energy Absorption Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Energy Absorption Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energy Absorption Systems Inc filed Critical Energy Absorption Systems Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3674115A publication Critical patent/US3674115A/en
Assigned to ENERGY ABSORPTION SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment ENERGY ABSORPTION SYSTEMS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: QUIXOTE CORPORATION
Assigned to ENERGY ABSORPTION SYSTEMS, INC., CHICAGO, IL A CORP OF DE reassignment ENERGY ABSORPTION SYSTEMS, INC., CHICAGO, IL A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: QUIXOTE CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/14—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands
    • E01F15/145—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers
    • E01F15/146—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers fixed arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A reuseable im act attenuation construction desi ned to ro- 74 7 6 P g P [211 App] No 3 tect fixed objects near highways or vehicular traffic routes from damage due to high velocity impact.
  • the invention com- [52] U.S.
  • the energy of impact is dissipated in said 9/ buffer elements by the controlled escape of fluid therefrom through a series of sharp edged orifices.
  • the internal pressure [56] References cued in the buffer elements creates a resisting force which dis- UNITED STATES PATENTS sipates the kinetic energy ofthe impacting vehicle and brings it to a safe, controlled stop without damage to said fixed ob ect 970,848 9/1910 Patronagglo 14/219 and without injuring the occupants of the vehicle. 3,503,600 3/1970 Rich ....293/l X 3,602,151 8/1971 Walker et al.
  • this invention relates to a reuseable impact attenuation device designed to absorb and harmlessly dissipate the energy of impact of a colliding vehicle or the like with a fixed structure along or near a highway, such as a bridge abutment, parapet, sign or light stanchion or the like.
  • the present invention utilizes, in part, devices for absorbing or dissipating the kinetic energy of a moving body which are described in the patent application of John W. Rich, Ser. No. 664,333, filed Aug. 30, 1967, now US. Pat. No. 3,503,600 and titled Liquid Filled Buffer for Absorbing Kinetic Energy.
  • this invention is an improvement over the device disclosed in the patent application of Grant W. Walker and Duane B. Ford, Ser. No. 48,950, filed June 22, 1970 and which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 777,329, filed Nov. 20, 1968, titled Diaphragm Buffer Protective Construction now abandoned.
  • an improved energy absorbing and dissipating device for protecting stationary structures from damage due to impacting vehicles, while safely bringing the vehicle to a controlled-deceleration stop, can be provided utilizing clusters of energy absorbing buffer members or cells arranged in chambers which sandwich or telescope into each other upon impact, whereby said chambers are partly formed by lateral extending fender panels which aid in properly redirecting the car after lateral impact on the side of the protective device.
  • a principal object of this invention to provide a novel construction for protecting a stationary structure which includes at least a cluster of energy absorbing and dissipating buffer elements each arranged in a plurality of chambers defined by diaphragms and laterally extending fender panels such that an edge of each fender panel overlaps one of said diaphragms permitting said chambers to collapsibly telescope into one another upon impact of a vehicle with the protective construction whereby the energy of impact is absorbed and dissipated by the buffer members and the mass of the construction itself.
  • the device of the present invention is constructed comprising several clusters of energy absorbing buffer elements in a plurality of chambers spacially disposed throughout the extent of said device, a controlled dispersion of an impact shock wave created in said device can be obtained by reducing the capability of the device to directly transmit the shock wave therethrough. Accordingly, it is an important object of one embodiment of the present invention to provide at least a single chamber void of buffer elements, whereby direct transmission of the impact shock wave is interrupted and partially dispersed by said void chamber.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide greater control in positioning the resisting mass of the unit and in diminishing its effect upon the vehicle during deceleration.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved impact attenuation device which produces a satisfactory deceleration wave upon impact.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an impact attenuation device comprising laterally disposed fender panels to effectively deflect an impacting vehicle away from a protected stationary structure at a low angle relative to the normal direction of vehicle travel.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide an impact attenuation device comprising restraining and pullout cable means attached to various members thereof which resist deformation of such device when impacted laterally by a colliding vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the cell sandwich impact attenuation device forming the present invention in place protecting an abutment;
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the impact attenuation device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a modified embodiment of the present invention wherein one chamber is void of bufi'er elements;
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the impact attenuation device of FIG. 1 as it appears after a head-on impact by a moving vehi- I cle or other object;
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the impact attenuation device of FIG. 1 as it appears after a side-angle impact by a moving vehicle or other object;
  • FIG. 6 is a detail side elevational view of the restraining cable and backup plate construction, showing the relative location of the forward diaphragm, interior panels, and slide straps;
  • FIG. 7 is a detail side elevation view of the secondary cable and pull-out cable construction of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a detail view of a typical diaphragm, including fender panel hinges, pull-out cable clips, and restraining cable eye guides;
  • FIG. 9 is a detail view of the front diaphragm
  • FIG. 10 is a detail view of a typical interior panel
  • FIG. 11 is a detail side elevational view of a preferred manner of fixing the buffer elements or cells to the structural rings and interior panels;
  • FIG. 12 is a plot of acceleration forces on the impacting vehicle in gs versus time in milliseconds using the impact attenuation device of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 13 is a plot of acceleration forces on the impacting vehicle in gs versus time in milliseconds using the modified impact attenuation device of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 14 is a detail plan view of a preferred manner of connecting the fender panels and diaphragms.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 for a description of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • a fixed structure such as an abutment which is normally located adjacent or near a route of vehicular travel, such as a street or highway, is sought to be protected.
  • This protection encompasses one of the main objects of the invention, along with the protection of a vehicle and the occupants thereof from injury upon collision of the vehicle with a fixed structure such as abutment l0. r
  • a rigid backing member 12 is provided to reinforce the stationary structure.
  • the rigid backing member 12 comprises two cable fastening means 14 firmly secured to backing member 12.
  • Positioned in front of and in contact with backing means 12 are a plurality of clusters 16 of energy absorbing and dissipating buffer members 18 partially filled with an incompressible fluid material which is preferably water.
  • an incompressible fluid material which is preferably water.
  • Buffer members 18 are collapsible flexible cell cartridges which have the characteristic of remaining flexible and water tight in extremes of heat and cold.
  • buffer members 18 may comprise a vinyl coated nylon fabric cylindrical body with an open end and a diameter of approximately 5 inches. The length may vary as required by the installation, but lengths of 24, 30 and 36 inches have found to be satisfactory for most installations.
  • the base fabric of buffer elements 18, by way of example, may consist of 6.1 ounces of nylon and 16 ounces of vinyl to produce a total weight of 22 ounces per yard. This provides a material which is capable of offering a hydrostatic resistance of 300 psi or better.
  • An insert 20 (FIG. 11) containing sharpedged orifices 22 to regulate the rate of release of water from the buffer elements 18 is afiixed to the open end of the bufl'er elements.
  • the clusters 16 of elements 18 are formed by placing the buffer elements in lateral rows which are held in a spaced relation by interior panels 24, which may be composed of overlaid plywood or any other suitable material. As shown in FIG. 2, an exemplary cluster towards the rear of the protective device comprises four rows of elements 18 separated by three interior panels 24. At the forward end, where the lateral dimensions of the cell sandwich unit are not as great, each row comprises a lesser number of buffer elements 18. Elements 18 are secured to the interior panels 24 by structural rings 26 (FIG. 11) which are attached to the interior panels by suitable means such as bolts 28. Flexible elements 18 are held in rings 26 by the force of friction, or the elements 18 may comprise an upper flanged portion such as keeper ring 27 to prevent the cells from falling through the structural rings. Since the buffer elements 18 are not self-supporting, interior panels 24 hold the cells erect.
  • Diaphragm 30 Adjacent the outermost row of elements 18 in any cluster 16 is a movable diaphragm 30 which, along with fender panels 32 pivotally attached to and extending laterally and rearwardly from two lateral sides of each diaphragm 30, fomis a chamber housing each cluster 16. As shown in FIG. 2, each preceding chamber located from back-up member 12 is of lesser width than the succeeding chamber. This construction enhances the ability of the chambers to telescope one into the other upon impact. Diaphragms 30 may be fabricated, as an example, from 1 inch thick laminated wood, coated on both sides with fiber-glass.
  • Fender panels 32 for example, may be constructed of any suitable material such as 34 to l 54 inch plywood, and are preferably coated on both sides with fiberglass.
  • the thickness of the diaphragms 30 and fender panels 32 may be varied from these dimensions depending upon the force of impact against which the invention is designed to protect.
  • the exterior surface of fender panels 32 is coated with a "floated" resin material or the like, to reduce the coefficient of friction for purposes to be explained.
  • Fender panels 32 are held in a longitudinally extensive, or inward, position by means of springs 33 (FIG. 14). Fender panels 32 are fastened to diaphragms 30 by means of loose pin hinges 35, thus facilitating the replacement of damaged fender panels.
  • Fender panels 32 are pivotally attached to diaphragms 30 by means of hinges 34 (FIGS. 8, 11).
  • the free swinging end of each fender panel 32 abuts the pivotal end of the succeeding fender panel in an overlapping manner, and lies on the outside thereof. It can be seen that upon compression due to impact of the chambers housing clusters 16, each fender panel 32 will slide outside of the succeeding fender panel, causing the chambers of clusters 16 to telescope into each other. (FIG. 5).
  • the most rearward fender panels 32 on each side of the protective device abut a buffer element 36 (FIG. 2), which is similar to that described in the aforesaid patent application of John W. Rich.
  • the force against the protective structure comprising this invention causes fender panels 32 to pivot outwardly against the force of springs 33 as the chambers housing clusters 16 are telescoped inwardly, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • buffer elements 38 substantially similar to the buffer elements disclosed in the aforesaid patent application of John W. Rich.
  • These buffer elements 38 preferably comprise hollow, vinyl plastic cylinders substantially filled with an incompressible fluid.
  • the material comprising buffer elements 38 shall be chosen to possess high strength while retaining flexibility at both high and low temperatures.
  • a series of cables are provided to assist in supporting the impact attenuation device of the present invention, and to further enhance the impact absorbing and dissipating capabilities of the structure.
  • Two restraining cables 40 are securely fastened at a point beyond the forward end of the cell sandwich unit to a fixed cable anchorage 42, and pass through reinforced apertures 44 in movable diaphragms 30 (FIGS. 6, 8). As shown in FIGS. 6 and 9, apertures 44 in the forward two diaphragms 30 are nearer the ground since restraining cables 40 pass through the two forward diaphragms 30 as they are rising from cable anchorage 42. Restraining cables 40 also pass along the lateral edge of each interior panel 24, which comprise a reinforced portion 47 (FIG. 10) which contacts the restraining cables 40 and protects the interior panels from excessrve wear.
  • Restraining cables 40 rise from cable anchorage 42 in a vertical plane to the third diaphragm 30 counting from and including the forward diaphragm, passing through apertures 44 in all diaphragms through which the restraining cables pass. From the third diaphragm, restraining cables 40 pass through apertures 44 of the remaining diaphragms, and are ultimately firmly anchored to cable fastening means 14. In the horizontal plane, as seen in FIG. 2, restraining cables 40 extend inwardly from cable anchor 42 to the forward diaphragm 30, from where they flare outwardly to fastening means 14. This flared traverse of restraining cables 40 assists in maintaining the cell sandwich unit in place during lateral impacts.
  • a secondary set of cables 46 are provided, which are fastened at one end to cable anchor 42 by means of shear pins 48, which break upon impact.
  • the opposite ends of secondary cables 46 are firmly attached to the forward diaphragm 30.
  • Tumbuckles 49 are provided to maintain secondary cables in a taut condition.
  • shear pins 48 break as forward diaphragm 30 is forced back in the direction of abutment 10. (FIGS. 4, 5).
  • pullout cables 50 are attached to the comers of each diaphragm 30. (FIGS. 1, 7).
  • cable clamps 52 are provided at the four corners of each diaphragm to which pullout cables 50 are attached.
  • Pullout cables 50 act during a lateral impact to provide an internal compressive force which acts on the buffer elements 18, to which the energy of impact is ultimately transferred for absorption and dissipation. Further, the unit may be substantially returned to its original shape after an impact by applying a tension force to pullout cables 50.
  • Tumbuckles 49 also assist in keeping the pullout cables 50 in a taut condition.
  • Slide straps 54 are provided on the ground along the length of the cell sandwich unit beneath diaphragms 30. Upon impact, the diaphragms are readily movable along slide straps 54.
  • FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5 in that the third chamber counting from the forward, or nose end is void of bufi'er elements 18. It has been discovered that by leaving a void chamber, a modified shock wave pattern is produced in the transmittal of the impact wave to the back-up plate 12. This is diagrammatically illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • FIG. 12 which was charted using the device of FIGS. 1 and 2, shows, in a plot of the acceleration (g) forces on the impacting vehicle versus time (milliseconds) how an initial shock wave and then a secondary shock wave of slightly higher amplitude are produced prior to a reduction of the forces on the vehicle to zero.
  • FIG. 12 which was charted using the device of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows, in a plot of the acceleration (g) forces on the impacting vehicle versus time (milliseconds) how an initial shock wave and then a secondary shock wave of slightly higher amplitude are produced prior to a reduction of the forces on the vehicle to zero.
  • FIG. 13 shows a plot of the same acceleration forces versus time developed using a device constructed in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 3, with the third chamber void of buffer elements.
  • the shock wave produced in an equivalent time period comprises an additional hump," however, the average amplitude of the impact force is less than that produced in the structure of FIGS. I and 2. Therefore, while the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be sufiicient for most applications, additional attenuation of the overall shock wave may be produced using a void chamber such as disclosed in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • the shock wave in the device picks up again when it passes the void chamber.
  • these thickened units will act as shock absorbers without transmitting the shock wave to the back-up plate.
  • a vehicle impacting the cell sandwich unit head-on first contacts the buffer elements 38 located ahead of the nose portion of the device. Since cable anchorage 42 is almost level with the ground, the vehicle rides over the anchorage without being impeded thereby. A portion of the impact energy of the moving vehicle is absorbed and dissipated by the regulated flow of fluid in buffer elements 38 through the sharp-edged orifices located at one end of each bufier element.
  • nose cluster 38 is forced rearward, and the remaining impact energy is transferred to forward diaphragm 30 which moves on slide straps 54 and compresses the buffer elements 18 in the chamber directly behind the forward diaphragm. A further portion of the energy of impact is absorbed and dissipated by bufi'er elements 18 as fluid in said elements is discharged through orifices 22 (FIG. 1 1) at a rate commensurate with the impact force applied thereto. Diaphragms 30 and interior panels 24 act to uniformly distribute the force of impact amongst a series of bufi'er elements in a single row in each of the chambers.
  • the energy of impact is dissipated as the walls of buffer members 38 are collapsed initially by the impact of the vehicle upon the nose cluster, and by the subsequent movement of the respective diaphragms and interior panels forcing the collapse of successive clusters of bufi'er members 18 positioned between the diaphragms 30, interior panels 24 and backing plate 12.
  • each diaphragm is successively wider than the preceding one, a stepped or telescope effect is provided.
  • the larger mass of the elements of the cell sandwich unit nearer the backup plate 14 gives the rear portion of the unit a higher degree of shock or energy absorbing capability. Therefore, as the vehicle moves toward back-up plate 14, the resistive forces acting to bring it to a halt increase.
  • a head-on impact force will cause fender panels 32 to swing outwardly on hinges 34 due to the movement of the diaphragms 30 towards each other and the inertia of the fender panels themselves.
  • the outward movement of these fender panels requires the expenditure of energy, which is obtained from the kinetic energy of the impacting vehicle, thereby assisting the unit further in dissipating the energy of impact.
  • restraining cables 40 guide and control the movement of the diaphragms.
  • the outward flare in the restraining cables 40 compensates for any slack that may develop due to geometric position changes of the diaphragms, maintains tension, and aids in redirecting the car at a low angle during a side impact. Cables 40 also prevent the cell sandwich unit from buckling in the lateral and vertical directions.
  • the secondary cables 46 which are used primarily to maintain the forward diaphragm 30 in an upright position while the cell sandwich unit is in place (FIG. 7), are broken loose from cable anchorage 42 upon impact.
  • the tension in secondary cables 46 causes shear pins 48 to break, thereby permitting forward diaphragm 30 to move along slide straps 54 as previously described.
  • the cell sandwich unit also works extremely well on side angle impact, as diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 5. Due to the force exerted by the impacting vehicle, fender panels 32 remain in an inwardly position and act as fenders to deflect the vehicle away from the unit. This deflection, however, does not direct the vehicle back to the lane of oncoming traffic. Tests have shown that a vehicle travelling at 55-60 mph and sideimpacting the cell sandwich unit at an angle of 15 was effectively fendered away at an angle of ejection within two degrees of being parallel to the side face of the unit. Thus, the vehicle safely comes to a stop near the cell sandwich unit, which is located along side the main traffic route, and not in the lane of moving trafiic.
  • the two pretensioned restraining cables 40 are positioned high for stability and near the center of mass of the unit and of the impacting vehicle. Cables 40 resist extensive lateral movement, yet yield sufficiently to reduce the force of impact reacting against the vehicle.
  • the shear pin anchoring the cable 40 nearest the impact wall break, releasing that cable as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the remaining cable is sufficient to resist lateral movement of the unit and aids in halting the vehicle.
  • the second factor enhancing the efi'ectiveness of the cell sandwich unit during a side impact is the low coeflicient of friction of the outer surface of the fender panels 32. This enables the vehicles to slide more easily along fender panels 32 following impact. Since the amount of penetration of the vehicle into the unit is small, and since there is only a small frictional force developed between the vehicle and the panels, the vehicle is gently redirected and does not pocket and spin out.
  • pull-out cables 50 which are firmly attached to each diaphragm 30, and prevent movement of said diaphragms in a direction away from each other, thereby maintaining pressure on buffer elements 18 during impact.
  • the unit when the unit is impacted head on, it compresses, causing a pressure build-up in the buffer elements 18 which are sandwiched between diaphragms 30 and interior panels 24.
  • This resisting force multiplied by the distance through which the unit acts is a measure of the energy dissipation during impact.
  • the mass-inertia phenomenon renders the cell sandwich unit self-adjusting as a higher mass vehicle automatically produces a higher hydraulic pressure to absorb impact.
  • the energy absorption system of the present invention functions to dissipate the energy of impact in several ways.
  • the shock wave generation through the fluid in the buffer elements increases the temperature of the fluid, which further absorbs energy.
  • the mass of the impacting vehicle and the mass of the structural parts of the cell sandwich unit, such as diaphragms, cell units, interior panels, cables, etc. absorb part of the force of impact.
  • the vinyl housing comprising the bufier elements also expands during impact, and this expansion additionally absorbs part of the energy of impact.
  • the cell sandwich unit may be easily repositioned by a vehicle such as a tow truck or the like pulling against the pull-out cables 50 mounted at the top and bottom and on each side of the unit.
  • a vehicle such as a tow truck or the like pulling against the pull-out cables 50 mounted at the top and bottom and on each side of the unit.
  • antifreeze solutions may be added to the fluid in the buffer elements l8 and 38.
  • the embodiments disclosed are exemplary of the type of configuration which may be used to protect fixed structures near or adjacent routes of vehicular traffic.
  • the device may be used to protect any object from another moving object, and it will be apparent to the skilled engineer that the configuration of the diaphragms, panel and buffer element arrangement will to some degree be dictated by space requirements or the configuration of the structure with which it is to be associated.
  • Such adaptations of configurations are well within the skill of the art and are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
  • An impacting absorbing safety buffer device for a fixed structure comprising:
  • a rigid backing member adapted to be positioned adjacent said fixed structure
  • collapsible, energy absorbing and dissipating means comprising a plurality of individual elements positioned in an ordered array extending forwardly of said backing member; diaphragm means comprising a plurality of individual diaphragm members interposed in said array at spaced intervals and with the opposed ends of at least preselected ones of said diaphragm members extending laterally outward of said array of individual elements; fender means comprising panel members pivotally coupled to the opposed ends of said selected diaphragm members, said panel members extending rearwardly from their associated diaphragm member and partially overlapping the panel members associated with the succeeding diaphragm member; and non-rigid means interconnecting said backing member and said diaphragm means.
  • said individual elements of said energy absorbing and dissipating means are arrayed in a series of adjacent rows between at least preselected ones of said diaphragm panels; and said diaphragm means further includes interior panels interposed between adjacent rows of said individual elements.
  • said individual elements of said energy absorbing and dissipating means each comprise a fluid filled cavity, and orifice means positioned above said cavity to permit discharge of said fluid from said fluid filled cavity through said orifice means only at a rate commensurate with an impact force applied thereto.
  • the impact absorbing safety buffer device of claim 1 including:
  • said non-rigid means includes a restraining cable structure rigidly anchored at one end in advance of the forwardmost one of said diaphragm members and at its opposite end to said rigid backing member and passing through apertures in said diaphragm means to guide and control the movement of said diaphragm means during impact.
  • said restraining cable means comprises at least two laterally spaced cables which diverge from each other from the front to the rear of said device to compensate for any slack that may develop due to position changes of said diaphragm means.
  • said non-rigid means further includes a pull-out cable structure attached to said diaphragm means to prevent said diaphragm means from moving in a direction to enlarge said chamber means, said non-rigid means constituting the substantially exclusive means for interconnecting said diaphragm means.
  • each succeeding diaphragm member is laterally wider than .
  • the preceding diaphragm member disposed toward said backing member, and said diaphragm members and said clusters of energy absorbing and dissipating means are wherein:
  • An impact absorbing safety buffer device for a fixed structure comprising:
  • said diaphragm members being positioned in spaced relation to one another and with said fender members associated with each diaphragm member partially overlapping respective fender members associated with a successive diaphragm member for forming a plurality of chambers spacially disposed in front of said backing member when said fender means are in a longitudinally extensive position;
  • said interconnecting and restraining means comprises cables rigidly anchored at one end at a location in advance of the forwardmost of said diaphragm members and at its opposite end to said rigid backing member and passing through apertures in each of said diaphragm members, for resisting lateral deformation of said safety buffer device during lateral impact along said fender members.
  • An impact absorbing safety bufier device for a fixed structure comprising:
  • collapsible energy absorbing and dissipating means disposed in only preselected ones and less than all of said plurality of chambers.
  • said device includes eight chambers and said energy absorbing and dissipating means is disposed in all but the third chamber from the front of said device.
  • said energy absorbing and dissipating means includes a cluster of flexible housing members each comprising a fluid filled cavity therein and orifice means positioned above said cavity to permit discharge of said fluid from said fluid filled cavity through said orifice means only at a rate commensurate with an impact force applied thereto.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
US74736A 1970-09-23 1970-09-23 Liquid shock absorbing buffer Expired - Lifetime US3674115A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7473670A 1970-09-23 1970-09-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3674115A true US3674115A (en) 1972-07-04

Family

ID=22121373

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US74736A Expired - Lifetime US3674115A (en) 1970-09-23 1970-09-23 Liquid shock absorbing buffer

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3674115A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5418493B1 (ja)
AR (1) AR194202A1 (ja)
BR (1) BR7106260D0 (ja)
CA (1) CA940751A (ja)
DE (1) DE2147616C2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2108426A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1366383A (ja)

Cited By (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837695A (en) * 1972-02-18 1974-09-24 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Bumper member for a vehicle
US3845936A (en) * 1973-05-25 1974-11-05 Steel Corp Modular crash cushion
US3863909A (en) * 1973-07-09 1975-02-04 Wright Barry Corp Multi-tubular springs
US3880404A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-04-29 Fibco Inc Energy absorbing impact attenuating highway safety systems
US3881697A (en) * 1972-10-21 1975-05-06 Arbed Roadside safety apparatus
US3907353A (en) * 1974-05-13 1975-09-23 Arthur M Dinitz Adjustable bumper including protection against under-ride
US4101115A (en) * 1977-02-03 1978-07-18 Meinzer Lester N Crash cushion
US4190275A (en) * 1978-03-16 1980-02-26 Fibco Inc. Impact attenuator
US4321989A (en) * 1980-01-22 1982-03-30 Meinco Mfg. Co. Energy absorbing impact barrier
US4407484A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-10-04 Meinco Mfg. Co. Impact energy absorber
EP0094847A2 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Anchor assembly for an impact attenuation device
EP0094846A2 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Restorable fender panel
US4443002A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-04-17 Richard Fontana Racetrack guard
US4607824A (en) * 1983-01-11 1986-08-26 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Guardrail end terminal
US4645375A (en) * 1985-05-23 1987-02-24 State Of Connecticut Stationary impact attenuation system
US4815565A (en) * 1986-12-15 1989-03-28 Sicking Dean L Low maintenance crash cushion end treatment
US4861185A (en) * 1986-12-23 1989-08-29 Eikelenboon Peter A J Collapsible road barrier
US4938163A (en) * 1989-12-29 1990-07-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Barge connector system
US5011326A (en) * 1990-04-30 1991-04-30 State Of Connecticut Narrow stationary impact attenuation system
US5022782A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-06-11 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash barrier
US5112028A (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-05-12 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Roadway impact attenuator
US5125762A (en) * 1990-02-07 1992-06-30 C.R.A. Centro Ricerche Applicate S.P.A. Shock energy dissipation traffic divider barrier
US5156485A (en) * 1991-04-25 1992-10-20 Texas A & M University Low profile concrete road barrier
US5192157A (en) * 1991-06-05 1993-03-09 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash barrier
US5217318A (en) * 1991-08-14 1993-06-08 Peppel George W Low maintenance crash barrier for a road divider
US5295757A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-03-22 The Texas A&M University System Safety end barrier for concrete road barriers
US5302047A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-04-12 Texas A&M University System Pedestrian safety barrier
US5314261A (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-05-24 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash cushion
US5387049A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-02-07 Barrier Systems, Inc. Roadway barrier module, system and method
US5407298A (en) * 1993-06-15 1995-04-18 The Texas A&M University System Slotted rail terminal
US5568913A (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-10-29 Nagler; Yaacov Impact absorbing device
US5660496A (en) * 1995-04-19 1997-08-26 Snoline S.P.A. Modular construction road barrier suitable to gradually absorb the impact energy of vehicles
US5733062A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-03-31 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Highway crash cushion and components thereof
US5797592A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-08-25 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Roadside energy absorbing barrier with improved fender panel fastener
EP0872594A2 (en) 1997-04-15 1998-10-21 Franz Muller M. Energy absorption apparatus
US5927896A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-07-27 Gertz; David C. Inertial barrier module
US5957435A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-09-28 Trn Business Trust Energy-absorbing guardrail end terminal and method
US6092959A (en) * 1998-11-16 2000-07-25 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Method for decelerating a vehicle, highway crash cushion, and energy absorbing element therefor
US6116805A (en) * 1997-05-05 2000-09-12 Gertz; David C. Crash attenuator with a row of compressible hoops
US6129342A (en) * 1997-07-11 2000-10-10 Trn Business Trust Guardrail end terminal for side or front impact and method
US6220575B1 (en) 1995-01-18 2001-04-24 Trn Business Trust Anchor assembly for highway guardrail end terminal
US6244637B1 (en) 2000-03-02 2001-06-12 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Adjustable tailgate mount for truck mounted attenuator
US6427983B1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-08-06 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Self-restoring highway crash attenuator
US6491470B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2002-12-10 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module
US6523812B1 (en) * 1998-06-27 2003-02-25 A Harrison (Bedding) Limited Spring units
US6554530B2 (en) * 2001-03-28 2003-04-29 Joseph W. Moore Energy absorbing system and method
US6623204B2 (en) * 2001-01-03 2003-09-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle impact attenuator
US20040145173A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-07-29 Leonhardt Patrick A Vehicle mounted crash attenuator
US20040156677A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2004-08-12 Gelfand Matthew A. Energy absorbing system
US20040231938A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2004-11-25 Buehler Michael J. Crash cushion with deflector skin
US6835024B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2004-12-28 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module array and methods
US20050023095A1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2005-02-03 Reid John D. Bridge pier crash cushion system
US20050036832A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-02-17 Smith Jeffery D. Crash attenuator with cable and cylinder arrangement for decelerating vehicles
US20050117967A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-02 Matthew Gelfand Energy absorbing system with support
US6926461B1 (en) 2002-04-08 2005-08-09 Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska High-impact, energy-absorbing vehicle barrier system
US20050254893A1 (en) * 2001-04-09 2005-11-17 Albritton James R Flared energy absorbing system and method
US20060002760A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2006-01-05 Joseph Vellozzi Energy absorbing system
US20060045617A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-02 Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska High-impact, energy-absorbing vehicle barrier system
US20060054876A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-16 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US20060072967A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-06 Ulrich Sasse Transition structure
US20060103061A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-05-18 Kennedy James C Jr Impact attenuator system
US7175361B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2007-02-13 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module array and methods
US20070235706A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2007-10-11 Douglas Barton Energy absorbing wall system and method of use
US20080050174A1 (en) * 2002-07-22 2008-02-28 Albritton James R Energy attenuating safety system
US20100173123A1 (en) * 2009-01-06 2010-07-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Repairing a Friction Stir Welded Assembly
US20100287715A1 (en) * 2009-03-25 2010-11-18 Voyiadjis George Z Fenders for Pier Protection Against Vessel Collision
US20110091273A1 (en) * 2008-03-17 2011-04-21 Battelle Memorial Institute Rebound Control Material
US20110095252A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-04-28 Barrier Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash attenuator apparatus
US7950870B1 (en) 2008-03-28 2011-05-31 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Energy absorbing vehicle barrier
US8074761B2 (en) 2008-01-07 2011-12-13 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash attenuator
US8573571B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2013-11-05 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Dissipative structures and related methods
US8974142B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2015-03-10 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
WO2015134957A1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-11 The Uab Research Foundation Self-restoring crash cushions
US9371620B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-06-21 Thomas Mulert Method and device for braking a vehicle which has gone out of control
US9399845B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2016-07-26 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash attenuator
DE102009029814C5 (de) * 2009-06-18 2017-01-26 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Energieabsorption und Verwendung der Vorrichtung als Minen-Schutzvorrichtung oder Aufpralldämpfer für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US9790653B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-10-17 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Energy absorbing vehicle barrier
US9945084B1 (en) * 2016-12-02 2018-04-17 Lawrence Eugene Warford Vehicle diversion barrier
CN108374357A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-08-07 东北林业大学 一种缓冲消能结构
RU2724634C1 (ru) * 2019-11-18 2020-06-25 Александр Валерьевич Чкалин Дорожное фронтальное ограждение
US11377055B2 (en) 2019-05-15 2022-07-05 Trinity Highway Products Llc Crash attenuator with release plate hinge assembly, release plate hinge assembly and method for the use thereof
US11603635B2 (en) * 2020-04-15 2023-03-14 Lindsay Transportation Solutions, Llc Crash cushion with improved reinforcing cable system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3982734A (en) * 1975-06-30 1976-09-28 Dynamics Research And Manufacturing, Inc. Impact barrier and restraint
FR2558186B1 (fr) * 1984-01-13 1986-06-20 France Etat Dispositif attenuateur de chocs
DE3705485C2 (de) * 1987-02-20 1993-11-11 Sps Schutzplanken Gmbh Anpralldämpfer für Verkehrswege
JP3964558B2 (ja) * 1998-12-10 2007-08-22 日鐵住金建材株式会社 防護柵端部緩衝装置
DE10250132B4 (de) 2002-10-28 2007-10-31 Geke Technologie Gmbh Schutzmodul für gepanzerte Fahrzeuge
CN103850205A (zh) * 2014-03-12 2014-06-11 北京道从交通安全科技股份有限公司 旋杆压簧式可导向防撞垫

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US970848A (en) * 1910-04-26 1910-09-20 Joseph Patronaggio Collision-shock-absorber for ships.
US1623888A (en) * 1926-07-08 1927-04-05 Pasini Jerome Ship
US2088087A (en) * 1936-05-01 1937-07-27 American Rolling Mill Co Crash bumper and the like
US2974934A (en) * 1959-11-02 1961-03-14 Andrew J White Safety apparatus for highways
US3503600A (en) * 1967-08-30 1970-03-31 John W Rich Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3602151A (en) * 1968-11-20 1971-08-31 Grant W Walker Energy dissipating construction for trains

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US970848A (en) * 1910-04-26 1910-09-20 Joseph Patronaggio Collision-shock-absorber for ships.
US1623888A (en) * 1926-07-08 1927-04-05 Pasini Jerome Ship
US2088087A (en) * 1936-05-01 1937-07-27 American Rolling Mill Co Crash bumper and the like
US2974934A (en) * 1959-11-02 1961-03-14 Andrew J White Safety apparatus for highways
US3503600A (en) * 1967-08-30 1970-03-31 John W Rich Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3602151A (en) * 1968-11-20 1971-08-31 Grant W Walker Energy dissipating construction for trains

Cited By (138)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837695A (en) * 1972-02-18 1974-09-24 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Bumper member for a vehicle
US3881697A (en) * 1972-10-21 1975-05-06 Arbed Roadside safety apparatus
US3845936A (en) * 1973-05-25 1974-11-05 Steel Corp Modular crash cushion
US3863909A (en) * 1973-07-09 1975-02-04 Wright Barry Corp Multi-tubular springs
US3880404A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-04-29 Fibco Inc Energy absorbing impact attenuating highway safety systems
US3907353A (en) * 1974-05-13 1975-09-23 Arthur M Dinitz Adjustable bumper including protection against under-ride
US4101115A (en) * 1977-02-03 1978-07-18 Meinzer Lester N Crash cushion
US4190275A (en) * 1978-03-16 1980-02-26 Fibco Inc. Impact attenuator
US4321989A (en) * 1980-01-22 1982-03-30 Meinco Mfg. Co. Energy absorbing impact barrier
US4407484A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-10-04 Meinco Mfg. Co. Impact energy absorber
US4443002A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-04-17 Richard Fontana Racetrack guard
EP0094847A2 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Anchor assembly for an impact attenuation device
EP0094846A2 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Restorable fender panel
US4452431A (en) * 1982-05-19 1984-06-05 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Restorable fender panel
EP0094846A3 (en) * 1982-05-19 1984-12-05 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Restorable fender panel
EP0094847A3 (en) * 1982-05-19 1984-12-05 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Anchor assembly for an impact attenuation device
US4583716A (en) * 1982-05-19 1986-04-22 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Universal anchor assembly for impact attenuation device
US4607824A (en) * 1983-01-11 1986-08-26 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Guardrail end terminal
US4645375A (en) * 1985-05-23 1987-02-24 State Of Connecticut Stationary impact attenuation system
US4815565A (en) * 1986-12-15 1989-03-28 Sicking Dean L Low maintenance crash cushion end treatment
US4861185A (en) * 1986-12-23 1989-08-29 Eikelenboon Peter A J Collapsible road barrier
US5022782A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-06-11 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash barrier
US4938163A (en) * 1989-12-29 1990-07-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Barge connector system
US5125762A (en) * 1990-02-07 1992-06-30 C.R.A. Centro Ricerche Applicate S.P.A. Shock energy dissipation traffic divider barrier
US5011326A (en) * 1990-04-30 1991-04-30 State Of Connecticut Narrow stationary impact attenuation system
US5112028A (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-05-12 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Roadway impact attenuator
US5156485A (en) * 1991-04-25 1992-10-20 Texas A & M University Low profile concrete road barrier
US5295757A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-03-22 The Texas A&M University System Safety end barrier for concrete road barriers
US5302047A (en) * 1991-04-25 1994-04-12 Texas A&M University System Pedestrian safety barrier
US5192157A (en) * 1991-06-05 1993-03-09 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash barrier
US5217318A (en) * 1991-08-14 1993-06-08 Peppel George W Low maintenance crash barrier for a road divider
US5314261A (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-05-24 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash cushion
US5407298A (en) * 1993-06-15 1995-04-18 The Texas A&M University System Slotted rail terminal
US5387049A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-02-07 Barrier Systems, Inc. Roadway barrier module, system and method
US6299141B1 (en) * 1995-01-18 2001-10-09 Trn Business Trust Anchor assembly for highway guardrail end terminal
US6220575B1 (en) 1995-01-18 2001-04-24 Trn Business Trust Anchor assembly for highway guardrail end terminal
US5660496A (en) * 1995-04-19 1997-08-26 Snoline S.P.A. Modular construction road barrier suitable to gradually absorb the impact energy of vehicles
US5568913A (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-10-29 Nagler; Yaacov Impact absorbing device
US5733062A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-03-31 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Highway crash cushion and components thereof
USRE41988E1 (en) 1995-11-13 2010-12-07 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Highway crash cushion and components thereof
US5868521A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-02-09 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Highway crash cushion and components thereof
US5927896A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-07-27 Gertz; David C. Inertial barrier module
US6203241B1 (en) 1996-12-13 2001-03-20 David C. Gertz Inertial barrier module
EP0872594A2 (en) 1997-04-15 1998-10-21 Franz Muller M. Energy absorption apparatus
US5851005A (en) * 1997-04-15 1998-12-22 Muller; Franz M. Energy absorption apparatus
US6116805A (en) * 1997-05-05 2000-09-12 Gertz; David C. Crash attenuator with a row of compressible hoops
EP0886010A2 (en) 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Roadside energy absorbing barrier with improved fender panel fastener
US5797592A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-08-25 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Roadside energy absorbing barrier with improved fender panel fastener
US6129342A (en) * 1997-07-11 2000-10-10 Trn Business Trust Guardrail end terminal for side or front impact and method
US5957435A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-09-28 Trn Business Trust Energy-absorbing guardrail end terminal and method
US6523812B1 (en) * 1998-06-27 2003-02-25 A Harrison (Bedding) Limited Spring units
US6092959A (en) * 1998-11-16 2000-07-25 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Method for decelerating a vehicle, highway crash cushion, and energy absorbing element therefor
US6481920B1 (en) * 1998-11-16 2002-11-19 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Highway crash cushion
US20050023095A1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2005-02-03 Reid John D. Bridge pier crash cushion system
US7100752B2 (en) * 1999-05-07 2006-09-05 Safety By Design Co. Bridge pier crash cushion system
US20110095253A1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2011-04-28 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Energy Attenuating Safety System
US8714866B2 (en) 1999-07-19 2014-05-06 Trinity Industries, Inc. Energy attenuating safety system
US8414216B2 (en) 1999-07-19 2013-04-09 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Energy attenuating safety system
US9758937B2 (en) 1999-07-19 2017-09-12 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Energy attenuating safety system
US9458583B2 (en) 1999-07-19 2016-10-04 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Energy attenuating safety system
US6637972B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2003-10-28 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module
US7175361B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2007-02-13 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module array and methods
US6835024B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2004-12-28 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module array and methods
US6491470B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2002-12-10 Traffix Devices, Inc. Inertial barrier module
US6244637B1 (en) 2000-03-02 2001-06-12 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Adjustable tailgate mount for truck mounted attenuator
US6427983B1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-08-06 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Self-restoring highway crash attenuator
USRE43927E1 (en) 2001-01-03 2013-01-15 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle impact attenuator
US6623204B2 (en) * 2001-01-03 2003-09-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle impact attenuator
US6554530B2 (en) * 2001-03-28 2003-04-29 Joseph W. Moore Energy absorbing system and method
US7210874B2 (en) * 2001-04-09 2007-05-01 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Flared energy absorbing system and method
US20070183846A1 (en) * 2001-04-09 2007-08-09 Albritton James R Flared energy absorbing system and method
US20050254893A1 (en) * 2001-04-09 2005-11-17 Albritton James R Flared energy absorbing system and method
US6905282B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2005-06-14 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle mounted crash attenuator
US20040145173A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-07-29 Leonhardt Patrick A Vehicle mounted crash attenuator
US6843613B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-01-18 Universal Safety Response, Inc. Energy absorbing system
US20060002760A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2006-01-05 Joseph Vellozzi Energy absorbing system
US7785031B2 (en) 2002-02-07 2010-08-31 Universal Safety Response, Inc. Energy absorbing system
US20040228683A9 (en) * 2002-02-07 2004-11-18 Gelfand Matthew A. Energy absorbing system
US20040156677A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2004-08-12 Gelfand Matthew A. Energy absorbing system
US7037029B2 (en) 2002-02-27 2006-05-02 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion with deflector skin
US20040231938A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2004-11-25 Buehler Michael J. Crash cushion with deflector skin
US6926461B1 (en) 2002-04-08 2005-08-09 Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska High-impact, energy-absorbing vehicle barrier system
US7871220B2 (en) * 2002-07-22 2011-01-18 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Energy attenuating safety system
US20080050174A1 (en) * 2002-07-22 2008-02-28 Albritton James R Energy attenuating safety system
US7481600B2 (en) * 2002-08-05 2009-01-27 Douglas Barton Energy absorbing wall system and method of use
US20070235706A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2007-10-11 Douglas Barton Energy absorbing wall system and method of use
US20050063777A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-24 Sci Products Inc. Apparatus for exerting a resisting force
US20050036832A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-02-17 Smith Jeffery D. Crash attenuator with cable and cylinder arrangement for decelerating vehicles
US7086805B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2006-08-08 Sci Products Inc. Crash attenuator with cable and cylinder arrangement for decelerating vehicles
US6962459B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2005-11-08 Sci Products Inc. Crash attenuator with cable and cylinder arrangement for decelerating vehicles
US7070031B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2006-07-04 Sci Products Inc. Apparatus for exerting a resisting force
US20050244224A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-11-03 Sci Products Inc. Crash attenuator with cable and cylinder arrangement for decelerating vehicles
US7018130B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2006-03-28 Sci Products Inc. Side panel
US20050047862A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-03 Sci Products Inc. Side panel
US7210873B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2007-05-01 Universal Safety Response, Inc. Energy absorbing system with support
US20050117967A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-02 Matthew Gelfand Energy absorbing system with support
US20060045617A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-02 Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska High-impact, energy-absorbing vehicle barrier system
US7410320B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2008-08-12 Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska High-impact, energy-absorbing vehicle barrier system
US20090129860A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2009-05-21 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US7758277B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2010-07-20 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US7484906B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2009-02-03 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US20060054876A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-16 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US7396184B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2008-07-08 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US20080085153A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2008-04-10 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US20060072967A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-06 Ulrich Sasse Transition structure
US8215864B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2012-07-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Impact attenuator system
US20090032789A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2009-02-05 Kennedy Jr James C Impact Attenuator System
US20060103061A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-05-18 Kennedy James C Jr Impact attenuator system
US20070286675A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2007-12-13 Kennedy James C Jr Impact attenuator system
US7300223B1 (en) 2004-11-17 2007-11-27 Battelle Memorial Institute Impact attenuator system
US7168880B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2007-01-30 Battelle Memorial Institute Impact attenuator system
US8074761B2 (en) 2008-01-07 2011-12-13 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash attenuator
USRE46861E1 (en) 2008-01-07 2018-05-22 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash attenuator
US8464825B2 (en) 2008-01-07 2013-06-18 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash attenuator
US20110091273A1 (en) * 2008-03-17 2011-04-21 Battelle Memorial Institute Rebound Control Material
US8894318B2 (en) 2008-03-17 2014-11-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Rebound control material
US8182169B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2012-05-22 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Energy absorbing vehicle barrier
US7950870B1 (en) 2008-03-28 2011-05-31 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Energy absorbing vehicle barrier
US20100173123A1 (en) * 2009-01-06 2010-07-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Repairing a Friction Stir Welded Assembly
US8484787B2 (en) * 2009-03-25 2013-07-16 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanics College Fenders for pier protection against vessel collision
US20100287715A1 (en) * 2009-03-25 2010-11-18 Voyiadjis George Z Fenders for Pier Protection Against Vessel Collision
DE102009029814C5 (de) * 2009-06-18 2017-01-26 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Energieabsorption und Verwendung der Vorrichtung als Minen-Schutzvorrichtung oder Aufpralldämpfer für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US8491216B2 (en) * 2009-10-27 2013-07-23 Lindsay Transportation Solutions, Inc. Vehicle crash attenuator apparatus
US20110095252A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-04-28 Barrier Systems, Inc. Vehicle crash attenuator apparatus
US9790653B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-10-17 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Energy absorbing vehicle barrier
US8573571B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2013-11-05 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Dissipative structures and related methods
US8974142B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2015-03-10 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US10006179B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2018-06-26 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash cushion
US9371620B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-06-21 Thomas Mulert Method and device for braking a vehicle which has gone out of control
US9399845B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2016-07-26 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Crash attenuator
US9856616B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2018-01-02 The Uab Research Foundation Self-restoring crash cushions
EP3126577A4 (en) * 2014-03-07 2017-12-06 The UAB Research Foundation Self-restoring crash cushions
WO2015134957A1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-11 The Uab Research Foundation Self-restoring crash cushions
US9945084B1 (en) * 2016-12-02 2018-04-17 Lawrence Eugene Warford Vehicle diversion barrier
CN108374357A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-08-07 东北林业大学 一种缓冲消能结构
US11377055B2 (en) 2019-05-15 2022-07-05 Trinity Highway Products Llc Crash attenuator with release plate hinge assembly, release plate hinge assembly and method for the use thereof
RU2724634C1 (ru) * 2019-11-18 2020-06-25 Александр Валерьевич Чкалин Дорожное фронтальное ограждение
US11603635B2 (en) * 2020-04-15 2023-03-14 Lindsay Transportation Solutions, Llc Crash cushion with improved reinforcing cable system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2108426A5 (ja) 1972-05-19
GB1366383A (en) 1974-09-11
BR7106260D0 (pt) 1973-04-26
CA940751A (en) 1974-01-29
JPS5418493B1 (ja) 1979-07-07
AR194202A1 (es) 1973-06-29
DE2147616A1 (de) 1972-03-30
DE2147616C2 (de) 1982-03-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3674115A (en) Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US4583716A (en) Universal anchor assembly for impact attenuation device
US3672657A (en) Liquid shock absorbing buffer
CA1197125A (en) Restorable fender panel
US3680662A (en) Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3503600A (en) Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3768781A (en) Shock absorbing structure
US5112028A (en) Roadway impact attenuator
US5217318A (en) Low maintenance crash barrier for a road divider
US7261345B2 (en) Impact energy absorbing crash cushion
US5851005A (en) Energy absorption apparatus
US4645375A (en) Stationary impact attenuation system
US4190275A (en) Impact attenuator
JP5592013B2 (ja) 衝撃吸収装置
US4321989A (en) Energy absorbing impact barrier
USRE29544E (en) Energy absorbing deceleration barriers
US4200310A (en) Energy absorbing system
EP0431780B1 (en) Vehicle crash barrier with directionally sensitive fastening means
US5697657A (en) Vehicle mounted crash attenuation system
US6098767A (en) Cushion for crash attenuation system
JPS61113536A (ja) 衝撃減衰装置
KR20100132432A (ko) 압연관 표면 드래그（ｄｒａｇ）에 의한 운동 마찰력과 압연력을 이용한 차량충격을 흡수하는 방법 및 이를 이용한 차량충격흡수장치
US3876185A (en) Vehicle energy absorbing device
US6997637B2 (en) Deceleration-limiting roadway barrier
US3695583A (en) Shock absorbing structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ENERGY ABSORPTION SYSTEMS, INC.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:QUIXOTE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004209/0023

Effective date: 19800825

AS Assignment

Owner name: ENERGY ABSORPTION SYSTEMS, INC., CHICAGO, IL A COR

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:QUIXOTE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004254/0595

Effective date: 19800701