US3671441A - Dry cleaning detergent - Google Patents

Dry cleaning detergent Download PDF

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Publication number
US3671441A
US3671441A US773354A US3671441DA US3671441A US 3671441 A US3671441 A US 3671441A US 773354 A US773354 A US 773354A US 3671441D A US3671441D A US 3671441DA US 3671441 A US3671441 A US 3671441A
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Prior art keywords
water
percent
soils
dry cleaning
detergent
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Expired - Lifetime
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US773354A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence Dasch
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OCCIDENTIAL ELECTROCHEMICALS Corp
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Diamond Shamrock Corp
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Dry-cleaning compositions containing a combination of an amine oxide and a phosphate ester of a nonionic surfactant are shown to give optimum results with respect to the removal of all types of soils and particularly the removal of water-soluble soils from the articles being dry-cleaned. Other components may optionally be added to obtain certain specific results.
  • a quantity of water-soluble soil may be removed during a dry cleaning operation provided that a suitable dry cleaning detergent is incorporated in the system to couple with, or emulsify, the added water.
  • a suitable dry cleaning detergent is incorporated in the system to couple with, or emulsify, the added water.
  • the quantity of water which may be incorporated is essentially dependent upon the nature of the detergent used in the dry cleaning system. Obviously, the larger the amount of water which may be incorporated safely, the greater the ability of the dry cleaning system to remove water-soluble soils will be.
  • systems have been developed which contain detergents which allow the incorporation of sufficient quantities of water to allow the removal of small quantities of water-soluble soils and have seen use in professional dry cleaning shops.
  • a dry cleaning detergent having improved properties may be formulated using a tertiary amine oxide.
  • a tertiary amine oxide Through the use of tertiary amine oxides and especially through their use in combination with other synthetic detergent materials, notably phosphate esters of nonionic surfactants, a detergentformulation is obtained which exhibits a remarkable ability to remove solvent-soluble and insoluble soils, as well as water-soluble soils.
  • These dry cleaning detergent formulations will have particular use in the field of industrial dry cleaning.
  • dimethyl hex adecylamine oxide is Especially preferred at the present time.
  • the detergent formulation includes, in addition to the tertiary amine oxide, an organic phosphate ester. More specifically, these compounds are the free acid or neutral salt forms of phosphate esters of nonionic surfactants and are more fully described in US. Pat. Nos. 3,004,056; 3,004,057; 3,033,889; 3,1 l7,l52; 3,162,604, and 3,352,790. Exemplary of such compounds are the free acid phosphate esters of polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, such as polyethoxylated nonylphenol, and polyoxyethylenated aliphatic alcohols, such as polyoxyethylenated tridecyl alcohol.
  • U.S. 3,352,790 describes phosphate esters of nonionic surface active agents having the molecular configuration of a condensation product of 1. an organic compound containing a reactive hydrogen atom'selected from the group consisting of R-OH, R- SH, RCOOl-I, R-NH,
  • R is a hydrocarbon radical of from eight to 60 carbon atoms
  • phosphate esters may be used as free acids or neutralized with sodium, potassium,barium, magnesium or amine compounds.
  • Such a combination of a tertiary amine oxide and a phosphate ester results in a dry cleaning detergent exhibiting superior properties when used in the solvent cleaning of textiles of natural and synthetic fibers. More specifically these detergents show an excellent ability to dissolve and remove solvent-soluble soils and prevent the redeposition of these soils. In the removal of insoluble soils these detergents also excel, minimizing the redeposition problem usually encountered when the solvent-soluble film encasing the insoluble soils is dissolved. Furthermore, and quite significantly, the detergents excel in removing and preventing the redeposition of watersoluble soils such as salts, sugars and protein.
  • the ability of the detergents to promote the removal of water-soluble soils may be attributed to the fact that they allow the incorporation and retention by the dry cleaning solvent of larger quantities of water, which. water assists in the removal of water-soluble soils.
  • the detergent formulations of the instant invention comprise from 5.0 20.0 percent, by weight, tertiary amine oxide together with from 80.0 to 95.0 percent of phosphateester.
  • the detergent will be provided in the form of a solvent solution, i.e., 50 percent perchloroethylene together with 50 percent detergent.
  • An optimum detergent formulation of the present invention contains percent, by weight, tertiary amine oxide, 40 percent of a phosphate ester and 50 percent perchloroethylene.
  • For most dry cleaning applications from 0.1 to 2.0 percent, by volume, ofsuch a formulation will be added to the dry cleaning solvent. While larger quantities may be used, such use is for the most part uneconomic.
  • preferred dry cleaning systems comprise: from 83.0 to 99.65 percent by volume, of dry cleaning solvent; from 0.1 to 2.0 percent, by volume, of detergent; and from 0.25 to 15.0 percent, by volume, ofwater.
  • the tertiary amine oxides of the present invention exhibit the detergent properties noted in the following examples since it had heretofore been thought that cationic materials, to which class thetertiary amine oxides belong, had littlevalue as detergents for textile materials. Where cationic surfactants had previously been used, it was generally in the area of fabric softening or to impart antistatic properties to the material being treated. According to the instant invention however, this particular class of cationic surfactants, i.e., the tertiary amine oxides, are in fact superior detergents for use in dry cleaning systems, particularly with regard to their ability to remove water-soluble soils.
  • the detergent systems of the present invention may also include such well known ingredients as emulsifiers, generally nonionic surfactants such as cocoanut alkanolamides; zipper and textile lubricants, such as mineral oils; optical brighteners; antiredeposition agents and other ingredients familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • emulsifiers generally nonionic surfactants such as cocoanut alkanolamides
  • zipper and textile lubricants such as mineral oils
  • optical brighteners such as antiredeposition agents and other ingredients familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • detergent formulations such as those of the present invention be in the form of neutral or substantially neutral liquids in order to prevent corrosion of metals in contact with the dry cleaning system.
  • phosphate esters used are often acidic in nature, it is usually necessary to add an alkaline material to increase the pH of the systems and for this purpose sodium and potassium hydroxides or certain amines, such as isopropylamine, may be used.
  • potassium hydroxide is the preferred compound for efiecting this neutralization since it results in a product which gives results superior to the sodium hydroxide neutralized product.
  • the primary application of the detergent formulations of the instant invention will be, as is mentioned above, in the area of industrial dry cleaning.
  • these industrial dry cleaning operations differ from professional dry cleaning shops in that the quantities of soils which must be removed per pound offabric cleaned are much greater. For example it has been noted that as much as 50 pounds of soil may be removed from pounds of dirty clothing in an industrial dry cleaning operation whereas a professional dry cleaner will generally not be called upon to remove more than one or two pounds of soil per 100 pounds of clothing. Because of the difference between these two extremes of dry cleaning operations it will be recognized that the process for using the detergent fonnulations of the instant invention will vary from situation to situation. Therefore, while a simple one bath system containing solvent, detergent and water may be used by a professional dry cleaner, an industrial dry cleaning operation will generally require at least a two bath system.
  • a significant advantage to the use of the formulations of the present invention in industrial dry cleaning operations is that filtration of the dirty solvent has not been found to be necessary when using the formulations of the present invention in the prescribed manner.
  • the soiled articles are first agitated with a quantity of the dry cleaning solvent system being used followed by removal of the solvent and a second treatment with the dry cleaning solvent system.
  • the second treatment it is generally the practice to constantly filter a portion of the solvent in order to remove grossly held soil particles and prevent their redeposition onto the articles being cleaned. This filtration operation is expensive and cumbersome.
  • Optimum results may be obtained by first contacting the articles to be cleaned with a dry cleaning solvent-detergentwater system. This cleaning system is then removed and dropped to a still for recovery of clean solvent while the articles which have been treated in the first bath are again contacted with a dry cleaning system, this time comprising the dry cleaning solvent and detergent alone. Water is not used in the second system since the presence of the dry solvent will cause the water absorbed by the articles in the first cleaning bath to be desorbed, thereby loosening the water-soluble soils held in this manner.
  • the second'dry cleaning system is likewise extracted from the material, after completion of the cleaning operation, and is recycled for use, together with added water, as the first bath detergent-solvent-water system in the cleaning of a subsequent batch of soiled articles.
  • the remaining quantities of solvent held by the articles are removed by drying and, finally, the articles are generally deodorized, that is ambient air is passed therethrough in order to remove the last traces of solvent and thus freshen the articles.
  • EXAMPLE 1 The following example is for the purpose of comparing the ability of various detergents, anionic, nonionic and cationic, to function as dry cleaning detergents and particularly to evaluate their ability to remove water-soluble soils and retain moisture in a dry cleaning solvent without sacrificing ability to remove solvent-soluble and insoluble soils.
  • the solvent-soluble soil is represented by used crank-case oil cut (1:1, by weight) with toluene.
  • Insoluble soils are represented by carbon soils and water-soluble soils are represented by sodium chloride applied to the cloth swatches from an aqueous solution.
  • the cloth used for evaluation unless otherwise indicated is a 65 percent polyester/35 percent cotton material with a permanent press finish.
  • 100 milliliters of perchloroethylene is used to treat 12.3 grams of fabric; giving a liquid to fabric ratio of 132:] which corresponds closely to the common industrial ratio of l2.5:l.
  • the cleaning process comprises treating the soiled fabrics, and unsoiled fabric swatches used to evaluate redeposition, in a jar containing l5 steel balls and 100 milliliters of perchloroethylene by rotating at 42 revolutions per minute for 3 minutes. Following this the solvent is removed and a second 100 milliliter batch of perchloroethylene containing 0.75 percent water and 0.75 percent of the detergent (both percents by volume) shown in Table l is used to treat the fabric as above for 7 minutes. The test swatches are then squeezed and dried at 140 F.
  • Table I also includes results of the water retention test. This test is made to determine the amount of water retained by the solvent-detergent-water system after a cleaning cycle. The. theory is that if water is removed from the system by absorption into the fabric being cleaned, soils will also be redeposited and therefore the detergent capable of retaining the largest quantity of waterin the system will result in the best cleaning operation. Furthermore, since the quantity of water present in the system has a direct bearing on the amount of water-soluble soils removed, it is desirable that the detergent retain a large quantity of water. This test is conducted by placing a number of swatches, conditioned at 65 percent relative humidity overnight, into an 8 ounce bottle together with 100 milliliters of perchloroethylene and 0.75 percent by volume each of the detergent and water.
  • the detergents capable of removing the largest quantity of water-soluble soils are the tertiary amine oxides, notably dimethyl hexadecylamine oxide. Furthermore and importantly they do so with little sacrifice in the ability to remove solvent-soluble and insoluble soils. Thus, while certain of the nonionic detergents exhibit a moderate ability to remove water-soluble soils, they do so at a sacrifice in overall cleaning properties and while the anionic detergents, mostly phosphate esters, excel in the removal of solvent-soluble soils, they are quite poor in their ability to remove water-soluble soils.
  • the tertiary amine oxides again excel without sacrifice in other important cleaning properties. From the above table it is evident that the tertiary amine oxides are of significant value as dry cleaning detergents, especially for industrial purposes.
  • EXAMPLE 2 This example shows a comparison of certain of the more readily available commercial dry cleaning detergent formulations with a dry cleaning formulation of the present invention with regard to their relative abilities to remove soils of the type commonly encountered in industrial dry cleaning applications on both an equal volume and an equal cost basis.
  • the detergent formulation of this invention comprises 5 l .6 percent by weight of Gafac RM-7l0 (trademark of General Aniline & Film for a free acid form of a complex organic phosphate ester), 6.5 percent of dimethyl hexadecylamine oxide, 6.5 percent of a fatty acid alkylolamide, l2.9 percent of mineral oil, 19.3 percent perchloroethylene and 3.2 percent of a mixture of 99.8 percent water and 0.2 percent of an optical brightener. ln this'example the test fabrics and soils are as in Example 1 with the exception that the percent sodium chloride removed is on a net rather than a total basis.
  • net f 'f tion is to be preferred to the use of sodium hydroxide.
  • chloride removal Using a detergent formulation containing while the invention has been described with reference to 30 P y weight Phosphate ester 20 P by weight certain specific embodiments thereof, it is not to be so limited amine Oxide and 50 P Perchbmethflem the since certain changes and alterations may be made therein results Obtamed are 1 and 183, e p y which are within the full and intended scope of the appended claims.
  • a. from 83.0 to 99.65 percent by volume of a solvent ized product, for example in order to prevent corrosion of selected from the group consisting of Stoddard solvent, metals in contact with the system, better results W1 be obh h l d m h I d if the s stem is neutralized with potassium hydroxide pew oroet y am an me oroet y tame y b. from 0.1 to 2.0 percent by volume of a detergent consistthan Wllh sodium hydroxide.
  • the detergent formulation is that g essentially of set forth in Example 2 above.
  • this detergent L from 80 95 percent by weight of the free acid form or formulation is added 3 grams of percent sodium hydroxide the Sodium, potassium barium magnesium or amine and to a second batch of 100 grams is added an equivalent Salt of an anionic phosphate ester of the condensation quantity, 3.7 grams, of 57 percent potassium hydroxide.
  • the 50 product of an alkyl phenol and ethylene oxide, Said tests run and the methods of evaluating same are identical to ethylene oxide being present in an amoum of at least those in Example 2 above.
  • the cleaning procedure as folone mole and up to about 75 percent by weight of the lows The first bath (4 minutes) contains 64 milliliters of total condensation product perchloroethylene and 0.21 milliliters of the detergent formuf 5o 20 percent by weight of an amine oxide lation together with the quantity of water indicated In Table ele ted from the group consisting of dimethyl hex- III.
  • the second bath (3 minutes) contains 64 milliliters of perchloroethylene and 0.21 milliliters of the detergent formu: lation.
  • a third bath is also used, for 3 containing 64 milliliters of perchloroethylene and small amounts of sizing and odor control ingredients which have no effect upon the results obtained.
  • the liquid to fabric ratio used is 8.47:] and the results obtained are set forth hereinbelow.
  • adecylamine oxide and dimethyl stearylamine oxide said amine oxide being present in an amount sufficient to increase the ability of the composition to retain .water and remove water soluble soils without sacrificing other properties of said composition and c. from 0.25 to 15.0 percent by volume of water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US773354A 1968-11-04 1968-11-04 Dry cleaning detergent Expired - Lifetime US3671441A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135879A (en) * 1974-03-14 1979-01-23 Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co., Gmbh Processes for the treatment of textiles and finishing agents for use therein
US4225471A (en) * 1978-06-28 1980-09-30 Chemed Corporation Cleaning composition containing mineral spirits alkanolamide, and oleyl dimethylamine oxide
US20030126690A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-10 Scheper William Michael Treatment of fabric articles with hydrophobic chelants
US6734153B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2004-05-11 Procter & Gamble Company Treatment of fabric articles with specific fabric care actives
US20040148708A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-05 Steven Stoessel Methods and compositions for cleaning articles

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2412175B2 (de) * 1974-03-14 1979-06-28 Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zum Appretieren von Textilien während der Chemischreinigung
DE4324152A1 (de) * 1993-07-19 1995-01-26 Bayer Ag Zusammensetzungen zur Entfernung von Silikonöl enthaltenden Avivagen, daraus hergestellte wäßrige Dispersionen und deren Verwendung

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135879A (en) * 1974-03-14 1979-01-23 Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co., Gmbh Processes for the treatment of textiles and finishing agents for use therein
US4225471A (en) * 1978-06-28 1980-09-30 Chemed Corporation Cleaning composition containing mineral spirits alkanolamide, and oleyl dimethylamine oxide
US20030126690A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-10 Scheper William Michael Treatment of fabric articles with hydrophobic chelants
US6734153B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2004-05-11 Procter & Gamble Company Treatment of fabric articles with specific fabric care actives
US20040142839A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2004-07-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Treatment of fabric articles with specific fabric care actives
US7053033B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2006-05-30 Procter & Gamble Company Treatment of fabric articles with specific fabric care actives and a siloxane lipophilic fluid
US20040148708A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-05 Steven Stoessel Methods and compositions for cleaning articles
US20060191075A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2006-08-31 General Electric Company Methods and compositions for cleaning articles

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DE1955249A1 (de) 1970-09-03
GB1252085A (de) 1971-11-03

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Owner name: OCCIDENTIAL ELECTROCHEMICALS CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004748/0932

Effective date: 19860923