US3668917A - Process and apparatus for press-forming and quenching a steel stock - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for press-forming and quenching a steel stock Download PDF

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Publication number
US3668917A
US3668917A US5450A US3668917DA US3668917A US 3668917 A US3668917 A US 3668917A US 5450 A US5450 A US 5450A US 3668917D A US3668917D A US 3668917DA US 3668917 A US3668917 A US 3668917A
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United States
Prior art keywords
diaphragm spring
stock
quenching
die
spring
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Expired - Lifetime
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US5450A
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English (en)
Inventor
Noboru Komatsu
Takatoshi Suzuki
Takuo Ito
Yoshiteru Hara
Kouichi Asakura
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
Aisin Corp
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Aisin Seiki Co Ltd
Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49609—Spring making
    • Y10T29/49611—Spring making for vehicle or clutch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process and apparatus for pressforming and quenching a steel stock such as diaphragm spring Flledi 1970 for automotive clutch use.
  • the stock is J 50 preparatorily heated to its austenitizing temperature such as [211 No about 800 C or so, placed on one of two cooperating die elements, and then squeezed therebetween under pressure, said [30] Foreign Application Priority Data die elements having working surfaces having corresponding 7 dimensions and configurations so as to be brought into a pres- Jan.
  • steel sheets intermediate or final products are manufactured in successive and separate steps of press-forming and quenching.
  • the quenched products may frequently represent considerable distortion from the desired shape and pressdistortion developed in the quenching step.
  • invitation of the distortion after quenching will naturally reduce the degree of precision in shape and dimension of the products.
  • a further object is to provide a process as well as an apparatus of the above kind, capable of improving the degree of precision in shape and dimension of the quenched products in spite of the omission of the conventionally adopted correction service.
  • An apparatus for carrying out the above process comprises an upper die element having a working surface made in registration with the corresponding finished surface of the steel stock, a lower die element having a working surface made in registration with the corresponding finished surface of the stock; an actuating power means for moving said die elements towards each other and separating from each other, for applying a mechanical pressure upon said stock when the latter is squeezed between said die elements when said actuating means is brought into actuation in the direction towards relative engagement of the die elements; and cooling means for said die elements, thereby said stock being subjected to cooling for quenching as well asforrning to its desired shape when squeezed between the cooled die members under pressure.
  • the actuating means is preferably shaped into a hydraulic piston-and-cylinder unit operable by the will of an operator, either of said piston or cylinder being mechanically connected 7 with one of said die elements for driving them as desired for the press-forming and quenching job.
  • the cooling means is preferably formed into a cooling chamber provided in each of the die elements and arranged to receiving a circulating stream of coolant.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a diaphragm spring destined for use in an automotive clutch assembly, and indeed, as a representative example of the products manufactured according to the improved technique proposed by the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the diaphragm spring shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view of an apparatus adapted for use in the practice of the process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional elevation of several main working elements of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory chart in which the thennal penetration rate, Kcal/mPC'h, of the tool has been plotted against the ideal critical diameter in inches, of the work, as a representative example in the practice of the process according to this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a further explanatory chart showing the relationship between the theoretical final temperature, C., attainable in the work upon quenching, on the one hand, and the thermal capacity ratio which means more specifically the relative ratio between the thermal capacity of the and that of the work to be quenched.
  • FIG. 7 is a still further explanatory chartillustrative of the relationship between the hardness of quenched work samples as processed by the process according to the invention and the I thicknesses of the samples.
  • FIG. 8 is a still further explanatory chart illustrative of the influence upon the hardness as well as the thickness of the product processed in accordance with the invention, by the processing pressure.
  • FIG. 9 is a similar view to FIG. 4, wherein a selectively localized quenching is being carried into effect as a modified mode of the process according to this invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a still further explanatory chart illustrative of a distributed hardness developed on the surface of .a work piece processed in accordance with the modified mode of the invention shown in the foregoing FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. I and 2 of the drawings the kind and nature of a representative work piece, or more specifically diaphragm spring for automotive clutch use and the conventional technique of the press-forming and the quenching thereof will be briefly described for the illustration of technical background of the present invention.
  • the diaphragm spring 100 has a generally dish-shaped configuration and comprises a peripheral ring-shaped main spring body part 101 and a number of radially arranged lever-like portions 102 which extend concentrically from said main body part 101 towards the center of the diaphragm when seen in its top plan view shown in FIG. 1.
  • Each of said lever-like portions 102 has a gradually reducing width and there is an open circular area defined by a circle connecting the innermost or top seen in FIG. 1.
  • the diaphragm spring represents a rotational symmetry about its central axis and has generally a truncated cone shape.
  • the diaphragm spring is made generally of a kind of high carbon steel and the lever ends 103 must be hardened so as to provide a possible minimum sliding wear in sliding contact with a conventional automotive clutch release bearing not shown, while the remaining parts of the diaphragm spring must have generally a spring characteristic as such.
  • the diaphragm spring is manufactured through the following several successive fabricating steps:
  • a generally circular stock is pressed out from a large size steel sheet material, so as to represent a number of leverlike portions 102 and a ring-shaped main body part 101 integral therewith.
  • the thus pressed-out plane stock is shaped generally into a truncated cone on a forming press.
  • the quenched .stock is then heated at about 320 C. for
  • the thus provisionally tempered stock is heated at about tool to provide quenching g. the lever portions are subjected to a tempering step.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 a preferred apparatus adapted for carrying out the process will be described in detail.
  • the numeral denotes a bed which is provided with a plurality of legs 11 mounted in position on a floor surface 12.
  • a plurality of vertical columns 13 are rigidly attached with their lower ends to the bed 10 and a rigid top plate 14 is fixedly attached to the upper ends of said columns.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 15 is rigidly mounted on the plate 14 although the fixing and attaching means have been omitted from the drawing on account of its very popularity.
  • the interior cylinder spaces 22 and 23 defined by a piston 24 slidably received in the cylinder 15 are connected through respective pipings 16 and 17 and a control valve assembly 18 to a certain conventional hydraulic pressure source, such as pressure oil reservoir, oil pump or the like, not shown.
  • Control valve 18 is so designed and arranged that by manipulating a control lever 19 attached thereto, pressure oil flow through these pipings I6; 17 can be on off controlled for supply and discharge of oil to and from the cylinder 15.
  • a slide or ram 20 formed into a horizontally extending rigid plate is formed with a plurality of tubular members 21 which are slidably mounted on said columns 13.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 15 is provided with an upper cover flange 15a and a lower cover flange 15b rigidly attached by means of a plurality of fixing bolts, not shown only for simplicity of the drawing, for sealing through suitably designed and arranged conventional gasket means, not shown, the cylinder spaces 22 and 23, and the piston 24 is rigidly connected with a vertically extending piston rod 25 which is in turn rigidly connected at its lower extremity with the ram 20, although the fixing means have not been shown only for simplicity. Therefore, the assembly comprising piston 24, rod 25 and ram 20 is slidably movable in the vertical direction, as hinted by a small double head arrow 25' shown in FIG. 3 by pressurizing the hydraulic working liquid medium such as oil prevailing in the upper or lower cylinder chamber 22 or 23 by properly manipulating the control valve 18 as conventionally.
  • a holder plate 26 is fixedly attached by means of a plurality of fixing screws 27 on the bottom surface of the ram 20, and carries an upper die element 28 rigidly attached by means of fixing screws 29 to the holder 26, said die element being shaped into substantially a stepped hollow cylinder.
  • the die member 28 is formed in the bottom wall with a positioning recess 129 which is so designed and arranged to cooperate with a mating pin 30, as will be more fully described hereinafter.
  • the interior space 28a of die member 28 is closed by means of a closure plate 31 which is sealingly attached through a seal ring 32 by means of a plurality of fixing bolts 33 to a shoulder surface 34 formed on a upper part of the die member 28.
  • the upper or working surface 36b of the lower die member 36 has a general configuration mating with that 28b of the upper die member 28 and is formed with a central recess 1360 which receives snugly the positioning or centering round pin 30 for a processing work piece 40, the latter being formed with a central opening 40a for slidably receiving said pin.
  • the lower die member is formed with a duct 134 which is bored through the lower part of the peripheral wall of the die 36 to which is fixedly attached a coolant supply piping 42 leading to a supply source, not shown.
  • a control valve 45 is inserted in this piping 42 for control of proper supply quantity of the coolant which is preferably cold water.
  • Both cooling chambers 28a and 360 are kept in fluid communication with each other by means ofa flexible tubing 43 which is connected at its respective ends with said chambers, as most clearly seen from FIG. 4.
  • the flat diaphragm spring stock was heated in a suitable furnace or the like at a austenitizing temperature of about 830 C.; promptly taken out from the furnace and then placed on the lower die 36 with its positioning pin 30 brought into registration with the central round opening 40a of the stock 40.
  • the control valve 18 is actuated so as to introduce the pressurized working liquid through the piping 16 into the upper cylinder space 22 for forcibly lowering the ram assembly comprising piston 24, rod 25, ram plate 20, upper holder plate 26 and upper die 28, towards the lower die 36, thereby bringing the stock into its squeezed position between the both die members under high pressure.
  • the upper surface of the stock is brought into pressure engagement with the working surface of the upper die and in the similar way the bottom surface of the stock is brought into pressure contact with the working surface of the lower die.
  • the stock is forcibly transformed from its plane configuration into the final or substantially truncated cone shape shown in FIG. 2.
  • substantial heat is discharged from the stock and penetrate through the walls of the respective dies into the circulating cooling medium, preferably cold water and was carried along thereby. In this way, the stock was press-formed to the desired shape and at the same time quenched in an effective manner.
  • the die-application pressure acting upon the stock may be varied from about 6 to 2,000 kgs. per sq. cm according to the size and dimensions of the stock to be treated. Therefore, the die-application pressure acting upon the stock may be varied from about 6 to 2,000 kgs. per sq. cm according to the size and dimensions of the stock to be treated. Therefore, the die-application pressure acting upon the stock may be varied from about 6 to 2,000 kgs. per sq. cm according to the size and dimensions of the stock to be treated. Therefore, the
  • the temperature, T as observed at the contacting surface which is deemed to establish at an instant when two bodies having different temperatures are brought into physical contact with each other, can be determined by the following formula where T, and b, represent the initial temperature and thermal penetration rate of one body, respectively; and T and b stand for those of the other body, respectively.
  • the thermal penetration rate (b,) for carbon steel may be safely taken as about 200 l(cal/m*-"C-h" and the temperature (T,) of the cooling tool means may be assumed to be 20 C. If the steel is quenched beyond the perlite transformation temperature of steel (which meansthe nose temperature on S- curve of steel), about 500 C. T, instantly upon contact of the steel with the quenching tool, the desired quench effect may definitely be introduced.
  • the curve (A) shows the relationship between the necessary heat penetration rate (several representative materials being specified in their order of thermalpenetration rate along the axis of ordinates) and the kind of the material in case of quenching treatment of a steel plate having 2 mm thickness.
  • the thermal penetration rate of the cooling die may be determined as b 200 by observing said curve (A).
  • the quenching material may be Fe, Al or Cu.
  • the desired quenching can be realized by adopting any selected combination from the area above the curve (A).
  • the area above the curve (B) shows various combinations for allowing a quenching of steel plate, 6 mm thick.
  • the area above the curve (C) shows in the similar way various combinations for allowing a quenching treatment of a 25 mm-thick steel plate.
  • Non-ferrous material such as aluminum shows a similar tendency as above specified.
  • the quenching may be more easily carriedinto effect with higher -value thereof owned by the cooling material than that of the treating stock.
  • the attainable final temperature T(C.) of the treated stock can be calculated from the following fon'nula where, C, stands for the necessary minimum thermal capacity of the treating stock;
  • T represents the initial temperature of the stock
  • T stands for the initial temperature of thecooling material
  • C represents the thermal capacity of the same material.
  • the thermal capacity of the quenching material must be at least 3.3 times thatof the treating stock.
  • FIG. 7 several comparative curves are shown.
  • the stock materials were JIS, 845C and JIS, SCM 4, the latter being chromium-molybdenum steel, class 4.
  • the quenched hardness is set to l-I C 55, the hardenable thickness of steel plate stock amounted to similar or even higher value than those obtainable with the conventional oil quenching process.
  • samples were quenched from 850 C. by the process according to this invention, and comparison is made with the oil quenched results.
  • the quenched hardness was plotted against the thickness of the sample. It will be seen from the chart, about 8 mm thick samples of JIS, 845C and those about 16 mm thick of JIS, SCM 4 could be effectively quenched according-to this invention.
  • the die-applying pressure necessary for obtaining an even distribution of quenched hardness amounts to 6 kgs. per sq. cm. or higher.
  • the die applying pressure necessary for providing an even thickness of the quenched steel sheet stock ranges from nil to 2,000 kgs. per sq. cm. which means a considerably wide range. It is naturally recommendable to adopt, out of the above specified pressure range, a possible minimum, yet enough large pressure for attaining the desired press-forming effect of the processed work piece.
  • the irregularity in height at outside periphery of the product as specified above was measured in such a way that the product diaphragm spring was placed on a surface plate and the local gaps between the peripheral bottom surface of the diaphragm and the surface plate were precisely measured.
  • the gap was measured to nil, it was assumed that there was no quench distortion.
  • the irregularity in height at inner lever ends was determined by the difference in height between the highest lever end and the lowest lever end. When the difference be nil, the quench distortion in this respect was assumed also to be nil.
  • the comparative conventional process comprises the fol lowing four processing steps in succession:
  • the plane stock is heated at about 830 C. for about 20 minutes and then squeezed between a pair of press-forming dies for quenching as well as press-forming the stock.
  • the thus quenched and press-formed stock represents only a smallest possible quench distortion, as was enlisted, by way of example, in the foregoing table, thus practically obviating an additional and separate distortion-relieving step normally and conventionally employed. It is only necessary to heat the quenched stock at about 450 C. for about minutes and then aircooled to normal temperature, for attaining a tempering effect, thereby the whole process consisting of only two heattreating steps and improving the overall thermal efficiency.
  • the upper and lower die elements 28 and 36 are formed with respective mating working surfaces 28b and 36b having more limited areas than before adapted for performing the desired local quenching from both upper and lower sides of the peripheral ring-shaped zone of the stock, the remaining working surface of each of said dies being substantially recessed at 28a or 36d, respectively, for avoiding the stock from any physical contact with the press dies.
  • the diaphragm spring stock 40' was heated to a quenching temperature as before and then placed on the lower die element 36' around its centering pin 30 and the upper die element 28' was lowered hydraulically as before against the lower die element through the intermediary of the thus centrally positioned processing stock.
  • the outer ring peripheral zone 101' of the stock was brought into heat-conducting pressure contact with the respective working surfaces 28b and 3611', the remaining area of the stock being prevented from contact with the pressing and quenching die elements, as was briefly described hereinabove.
  • the thus contacted ring are 101' being shown at y, while the remaining non-contacting zone being denoted by x. In this way, the contacted and pressurized area y" was only quenched, while the remaining non-contacting area .r" was subjected in noway to the quenching effect.
  • FIG. 10 represents a curve showing a distribution of the hardness after quenching in the thus treated stock.
  • the outer peripheral zone 101' of the stock 40' said zone having a radial length y" as said above, is subjected to a substantial quenching amounting to about H C 65, while the remaining non-contacted area, having a radial length of x", has not been quenched, representing in the mean a hardness of about H C 30.
  • the temperature from which the stock was quenched was 830 C. as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • the process according to this invention provides a combined press-forming and quenching effect, whether wholly or locally as the case may be, and with a minimum possible quench deformation, so that otherwise necessary press-tempering step for relieving the appreciable deformation developed in the quenching step may be substantially obviated.
  • the die elements and/or the treating stock may be surface-treated for accelerating or decelerating the quenching effect.
  • liquid or pulverized medium may be applied onto the working Surfaces of the die elements, or even onto the processing surface of the stock per se.
  • the latter may naturally be pre-cooled in advance of introduction thereof into the die cooling spaces.
  • a cooling brine may be used under certain occasions.
  • a process for press-forming and quenching a diaphragm spring made of steel stock comprising the steps of:
  • An apparatus for simultaneously press-forming and quenching a diaphragm spring made of a steel stock comprising, an upper die element having a working surface thereon for registration with the corresponding finished surface of the diaphragm spring, a lower die element cooperating with said upper die element and having a working surface for registration with the corresponding opposite finished surface of the diaphragm spring, each of said upper and lower die elements having an interior space formed therein through which a liquid coolant is subjected to a rapid cooling for quenching and hardening said spring to a predetermined hardness simultaneously with a power actuating means operatively connected to said die elements for moving said die elements towards and away from each other for applying a mechanical pressure of 62,000 kgs./sq.cm.
  • said conduit means operatively connected to the interior space in said upper and lower die elements for supplying and discharging said liquid coolant to and from the interior space of each of said die elements, whereby said diaphragm spring stock is subjected to a rapid cooling for quenching said spring simultaneously with the pressing of said spring to form said spring to its desired shape under pressure between said cooled die elements.
  • each of said cooperating die elements being formed with a recess partially defining said working surface for obtaining the desired local quenching effect upon the diaphragm spring being pressed therebetween.
  • said lower die element further comprises a positioning pin located in the center thereof for guiding and positioning a central circular opening formed in said diaphragm spring, and said upper die element is formed with a corresponding positioning recess for cooperation with said pin when said die elements are moved towards each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
US5450A 1969-01-25 1970-01-26 Process and apparatus for press-forming and quenching a steel stock Expired - Lifetime US3668917A (en)

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JP44006129A JPS4829443B1 (de) 1969-01-25 1969-01-25

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Cited By (36)

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JPS50140318A (de) * 1974-04-30 1975-11-11
DE2641764A1 (de) * 1975-09-16 1977-03-17 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von bremsscheiben
US4039354A (en) * 1974-08-23 1977-08-02 Borg-Warner Corporation Method of making Belleville springs
FR2341782A1 (fr) * 1976-02-17 1977-09-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd Disque de frein a disque et procede de fabrication
DE2714648A1 (de) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-13 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren und maschine zum formschmieden und abschrecken plattenfoermiger werkstoffe zur herstellung flaechiger bzw. scheibenfoermiger werkstuecke
DE2718970A1 (de) * 1976-04-28 1977-11-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von bremsscheiben fuer fahrzeuge
US4126492A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-11-21 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Brake disc and process for producing the same
US4245819A (en) * 1976-01-13 1981-01-20 George Salter & Company, Ltd. Apparatus for stabilizing springs
US4383352A (en) * 1981-10-19 1983-05-17 Dana Corporation Method of making spring clutch collector ring
US4680847A (en) * 1983-10-31 1987-07-21 Enfo Grundlagenforschungs Ag Method of producing a spring plate
US4805440A (en) * 1986-08-22 1989-02-21 U.S. Philips Corporation Punching or stamping machine
FR2620956A1 (fr) * 1987-09-29 1989-03-31 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de formage d'un element de tole de surface reglee en titane ou alliage de titane
US4832764A (en) * 1985-03-27 1989-05-23 Jenny Pressen Ac Process for the low-distortion thermomechanical treatment of workpieces in mass production as well as application of the process
US5027634A (en) * 1990-02-28 1991-07-02 Granco-Clark, Inc. Solutionizing taper quench
US5100482A (en) * 1989-12-05 1992-03-31 Horikiri Spring Mfg., Co., Ltd. Method of preparing a leaf spring
US5414233A (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-05-09 Figgie International Inc. Method of electrical discharge machining for manufacture of Belleville springs
US5492576A (en) * 1990-12-26 1996-02-20 Valeo Method of making a diaphragm, especially for a motor vehicle clutch
US5518557A (en) * 1994-02-02 1996-05-21 Standard Car Truck Company Process for making railroad car truck wear plates
FR2728946A1 (fr) * 1994-12-31 1996-07-05 Schnorr Adolf Gmbh Co Kg Ressort belleville
US5769973A (en) * 1995-11-09 1998-06-23 Smith, Jr.; Robert P. High performance automotive clutch with modified pressure plate for sustained increased spring force
US5833776A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-11-10 Barnes Group Inc. Method of making a Belleville spring
US6367304B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2002-04-09 Schuler Pressen Gmbh & Co. Kg Forming machine with cooling apparatus
US20030230366A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-18 Adams John M. Apparatus and method for thermomechanically forming an aluminide part of a workpiece
US20050262982A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-12-01 Tad Machrowicz Coolant delivery system and continuous fabrication apparatus which includes the system
US20060059971A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Martin Vinnen Hot forming tool
US20080289393A1 (en) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-27 Hwashin Co., Ltd. Hot forming and in-situ cooling of metallic articles
WO2010039098A1 (en) 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab A method and a press tool for manufacturing a separation disk
WO2011000351A1 (de) * 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren zum herstellen eines bauteils aus einem lufthärtbaren stahl und ein damit hergestelltes bauteil
US20120204695A1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2012-08-16 Cilag Gmbh International Punch tool
US20130074560A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Z.A.T. Zinc Anticorosion Technologies Sa Method of treating a metal element for an automobile
CN103388062A (zh) * 2013-08-09 2013-11-13 内江神舟机电设备有限公司 一种淬火压模工装
CN103447379A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2013-12-18 东普雷股份有限公司 热压制品的成形方法及热压制品
US20150246383A1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Ford Motor Company System and process for producing a metallic article
US20150298404A1 (en) * 2012-11-19 2015-10-22 Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd. Metal/cfrp composite structure, and its manufacturing method and apparatus
US20160017476A1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Metal sheet and method for its treatment
US20170066040A1 (en) * 2015-06-12 2017-03-09 Tom Hyde Radial compression mechanism with heating and/or cooling

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US2118018A (en) * 1936-07-18 1938-05-17 Standard Forgings Corp Water cooled die for forming disk wheels
US2744746A (en) * 1952-06-17 1956-05-08 George C Batz Machine for forming and heat treating metal articles
US2983503A (en) * 1958-04-24 1961-05-09 Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau Cone-shaped spring of the belleville spring type

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US1457772A (en) * 1920-01-12 1923-06-05 George H Forsyth Forming and tempering disk wheels
US2118018A (en) * 1936-07-18 1938-05-17 Standard Forgings Corp Water cooled die for forming disk wheels
US2744746A (en) * 1952-06-17 1956-05-08 George C Batz Machine for forming and heat treating metal articles
US2983503A (en) * 1958-04-24 1961-05-09 Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau Cone-shaped spring of the belleville spring type

Cited By (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50140318A (de) * 1974-04-30 1975-11-11
US4039354A (en) * 1974-08-23 1977-08-02 Borg-Warner Corporation Method of making Belleville springs
DE2641764A1 (de) * 1975-09-16 1977-03-17 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von bremsscheiben
US4245819A (en) * 1976-01-13 1981-01-20 George Salter & Company, Ltd. Apparatus for stabilizing springs
US4126492A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-11-21 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Brake disc and process for producing the same
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DE2003306A1 (de) 1970-07-30
JPS4829443B1 (de) 1973-09-10
DE2003306B2 (de) 1973-02-08

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