US3668391A - Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide - Google Patents

Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3668391A
US3668391A US65076A US3668391DA US3668391A US 3668391 A US3668391 A US 3668391A US 65076 A US65076 A US 65076A US 3668391D A US3668391D A US 3668391DA US 3668391 A US3668391 A US 3668391A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wire
lamp
lead
molybdenum
press seal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US65076A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stephen F Kimball
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GTE Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sylvania Electric Products Inc filed Critical Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3668391A publication Critical patent/US3668391A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/40—Leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/38—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12743—Next to refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tungsten halogen lamps. Such lamps have a quartz or other high silica glass envelope and a fill including halogen.
  • tungsten halogen lamp envelopes are generally sealed by means of a press seal.
  • a press seal is formed by heating the open end of a tubular envelope to the softening point and then pressing the end between two jaws to form a press seal.
  • a molybdenum ribbon connector is usually embedded within the press seal in order to provide for electrical connection to the lamp and to prevent seal failure due to thermal expansion. Examples of such lamps are shown in U. S. Pats. No. 3,497,753 and No. 3,466,489.
  • Such press seals are generally satisfactory when the seal temperature, during operation of the lamp, is not excessively high.
  • the external lead-in wire can oxidize, the rate of oxidation increasing with temperature, and cause premature seal failure.
  • the reason for the oxidation is that since the external lead-in wire is not completely hermetically sealed within the press seal, air can penetrate part way into the press seal around the lead-in wire and cause oxidation of the heated wire.
  • the resultant increase in wire diameter caused by the oxide formation can cause excessive stresses in the press seal, leading to a premature seal failure.
  • Such a condition is especially likely to occur when the lead-in wire is made of molybdenum.
  • the molybdenum aluminide coating is preferably formed by a reaction with the molybdenum wire so that the coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum, that is, the coating is an integral part of the wire and will not separate or "peel therefrom.
  • the coating is quite thin, less than about 1 mil, in order to not impair the connection, such as by welding, of the wire to the molybdenum ribbon.
  • the aluminum in the aluminide coated wire oxidizes to aluminum oxide, in the presence of air; the aluminum oxide thus formed prevents further oxidation of the metal undemeath.
  • the passage can be substantially sealed by a bead of soft glass melted around the terminus of the lead-in wire at the end of the press seal.
  • the soft glass has -a lower melting point than does the high silica glass, about 500 to 600C for thesoft glass versus about l500to 1600C for high silica glass.
  • the soft glass can flow to some extent into the interstice between the wire and the silica glass.
  • the soft glass fuses to the silica glass and bonds wellto the wire.
  • FIGURE in the drawing is an elevational view of a single-ended tungsten halogen lamp in accordance with this invention.
  • the aluminide coating was formed by packing the wires in a mixture consisting of parts of aluminum powder, 10 parts of inert material (such as powdered silica) and 1 part of halide activator (such as sodium fluoride) and then heating the packed wires at l,900F for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • inert material such as powdered silica
  • halide activator such as sodium fluoride
  • the interstitial passages around lead-in wires 7 were sealed by means of a soft glass bead 8 applied in the following manner: after lamp 1 had been exhausted, filled and sealed, a short length, about A: mm. long, of soft glass tubing, about 40 mil LD. and mil O.D., was'dispose'd around the terminus of each lead-in wire 7 abutting the end of press seal 3. A sharp flame was then used to melt the glass tubing (melting point about 500 to 600C) and cause it to partially flow into the interstices, fuse to press seal 3 and bond to lead-in wires 7.
  • the first group of lamps had aluminide coated wires and soft glass bead seals in accordance with this invention and the second group of lamps were prior art lamps, that is, without aluminide coating or soft glass bead seals.
  • the first group of lamps operated for substantially the rated life thereof, about 25 hours, and failed in the normal fashion, that is, because of tungsten evaporation from the filament.
  • the second group of lamps failed in about 5 to 10 hours and the failure due to rupturing or cracking of the press seals.
  • the invention may also be useful in the field of arc discharge lamps, since the arc tubes thereof generally have press seals at either end thereof. Such lamps do not have a fillament in the arc tube but have, instead, electrodes at each end of the arc tube. Thus, each embedded ribbon is connected to an electrode.
  • a tungsten halogen lamp comprising: a high silica glass envelope having apress seal; a filling within said envelope including halogen; a tungsten filament within said envelope, a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; means electrically connecting said filament to said ribbon connector; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.
  • a lamp comprising; a high silica glass envelope having a press seal; a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US65076A 1970-08-19 1970-08-19 Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide Expired - Lifetime US3668391A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6507670A 1970-08-19 1970-08-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3668391A true US3668391A (en) 1972-06-06

Family

ID=22060183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US65076A Expired - Lifetime US3668391A (en) 1970-08-19 1970-08-19 Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3668391A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU3251271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA940585A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1301966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA715436B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3721852A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-03-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Refractory metal phosphate and phosphide coatings for refractory metal leads
US3837926A (en) * 1971-09-14 1974-09-24 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Method of producing a corrosion-resisting coating on metallic molybdenum surfaces
US3926574A (en) * 1971-06-21 1975-12-16 Dewiant Corp Molybdenum based substrate coated with homogeneous molybdenum trialuminide
US4101798A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-07-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with a torpedo shaped conductor tip
FR2449968A1 (fr) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-19 Philips Nv Lampe a decharge dans la vapeur de mercure a haute pression
US4296351A (en) * 1979-10-17 1981-10-20 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten halogen lamp having lead-in wire comprising tantalum alloy
US4307318A (en) * 1980-02-14 1981-12-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Miniature lamp and method
US4354137A (en) * 1980-07-15 1982-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Incandescent lamp having seal-anchored filament mount, and method of making such lamp
EP0136750A1 (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-04-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Capless electric lamp
FR2659795A1 (fr) * 1990-03-15 1991-09-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Lampe a incandescence aux halogenes.
US5057735A (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Reflector lamp unit with independently adjustable lamp mount
EP0743673A3 (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-11-05 General Electric Company Coiled-coil filament for an incandescent lamp
WO2000034980A1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electric lamp
US20040124759A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-07-01 Tryggvi Emilsson Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US20060022595A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 General Electric Company Conductive element and method of making
US20060177686A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
US20060279193A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2006-12-14 Marien Leo Gustaaf J E High-pressure discharge lamp
CN100538967C (zh) * 2006-08-10 2009-09-09 殷尧平 芯柱加工工艺
US20090295291A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2009-12-03 Tryggvi Emilsson Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8429740D0 (en) * 1984-11-24 1985-01-03 Emi Plc Thorn Lead wires in pinch seals

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3211826A (en) * 1961-03-16 1965-10-12 Gen Electric Quartz to metal seal
US3549933A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-12-22 British Lighting Ind Ltd Quartz lamps

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3211826A (en) * 1961-03-16 1965-10-12 Gen Electric Quartz to metal seal
US3549933A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-12-22 British Lighting Ind Ltd Quartz lamps

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3926574A (en) * 1971-06-21 1975-12-16 Dewiant Corp Molybdenum based substrate coated with homogeneous molybdenum trialuminide
US3837926A (en) * 1971-09-14 1974-09-24 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Method of producing a corrosion-resisting coating on metallic molybdenum surfaces
US3721852A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-03-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Refractory metal phosphate and phosphide coatings for refractory metal leads
US4101798A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-07-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with a torpedo shaped conductor tip
FR2449968A1 (fr) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-19 Philips Nv Lampe a decharge dans la vapeur de mercure a haute pression
US4296351A (en) * 1979-10-17 1981-10-20 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten halogen lamp having lead-in wire comprising tantalum alloy
US4307318A (en) * 1980-02-14 1981-12-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Miniature lamp and method
US4354137A (en) * 1980-07-15 1982-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Incandescent lamp having seal-anchored filament mount, and method of making such lamp
EP0136750A1 (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-04-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Capless electric lamp
US5057735A (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Reflector lamp unit with independently adjustable lamp mount
FR2659795A1 (fr) * 1990-03-15 1991-09-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Lampe a incandescence aux halogenes.
EP0743673A3 (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-11-05 General Electric Company Coiled-coil filament for an incandescent lamp
WO2000034980A1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electric lamp
US6590342B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2003-07-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp having halide resistant current conductors
CN1298015C (zh) * 1998-12-08 2007-01-31 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 放电灯
US20090295291A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2009-12-03 Tryggvi Emilsson Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US20040124759A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-07-01 Tryggvi Emilsson Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US8277274B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-10-02 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US8264147B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-09-11 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US7153179B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2006-12-26 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Oxidation-protected metallic foil and method
US20070082576A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2007-04-12 Tryggvi Emilsson Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US20060279193A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2006-12-14 Marien Leo Gustaaf J E High-pressure discharge lamp
WO2006014796A3 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-06-29 Gen Electric Conductive element and method of making
US7358674B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2008-04-15 General Electric Company Structure having electrodes with metal core and coating
US20080176479A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2008-07-24 General Electric Compamy Conductive element and method of making
US20070138961A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2007-06-21 General Electric Company Conductive element having a core and coating and method of making
CN1989273B (zh) * 2004-07-27 2010-06-16 通用电气公司 导电元件及制备方法
US20060022595A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 General Electric Company Conductive element and method of making
US7575815B2 (en) * 2005-01-24 2009-08-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
US20090317545A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2009-12-24 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
US20060177686A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
CN100538967C (zh) * 2006-08-10 2009-09-09 殷尧平 芯柱加工工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA715436B (en) 1972-05-31
AU3251271A (en) 1973-02-22
CA940585A (en) 1974-01-22
GB1301966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-04

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