US3668391A - Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide - Google Patents

Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide Download PDF

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US3668391A
US3668391A US65076A US3668391DA US3668391A US 3668391 A US3668391 A US 3668391A US 65076 A US65076 A US 65076A US 3668391D A US3668391D A US 3668391DA US 3668391 A US3668391 A US 3668391A
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wire
lamp
lead
molybdenum
press seal
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US65076A
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Stephen F Kimball
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GTE Sylvania Inc
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Sylvania Electric Products Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/40—Leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/38—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12743—Next to refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tungsten halogen lamps. Such lamps have a quartz or other high silica glass envelope and a fill including halogen.
  • tungsten halogen lamp envelopes are generally sealed by means of a press seal.
  • a press seal is formed by heating the open end of a tubular envelope to the softening point and then pressing the end between two jaws to form a press seal.
  • a molybdenum ribbon connector is usually embedded within the press seal in order to provide for electrical connection to the lamp and to prevent seal failure due to thermal expansion. Examples of such lamps are shown in U. S. Pats. No. 3,497,753 and No. 3,466,489.
  • Such press seals are generally satisfactory when the seal temperature, during operation of the lamp, is not excessively high.
  • the external lead-in wire can oxidize, the rate of oxidation increasing with temperature, and cause premature seal failure.
  • the reason for the oxidation is that since the external lead-in wire is not completely hermetically sealed within the press seal, air can penetrate part way into the press seal around the lead-in wire and cause oxidation of the heated wire.
  • the resultant increase in wire diameter caused by the oxide formation can cause excessive stresses in the press seal, leading to a premature seal failure.
  • Such a condition is especially likely to occur when the lead-in wire is made of molybdenum.
  • the molybdenum aluminide coating is preferably formed by a reaction with the molybdenum wire so that the coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum, that is, the coating is an integral part of the wire and will not separate or "peel therefrom.
  • the coating is quite thin, less than about 1 mil, in order to not impair the connection, such as by welding, of the wire to the molybdenum ribbon.
  • the aluminum in the aluminide coated wire oxidizes to aluminum oxide, in the presence of air; the aluminum oxide thus formed prevents further oxidation of the metal undemeath.
  • the passage can be substantially sealed by a bead of soft glass melted around the terminus of the lead-in wire at the end of the press seal.
  • the soft glass has -a lower melting point than does the high silica glass, about 500 to 600C for thesoft glass versus about l500to 1600C for high silica glass.
  • the soft glass can flow to some extent into the interstice between the wire and the silica glass.
  • the soft glass fuses to the silica glass and bonds wellto the wire.
  • FIGURE in the drawing is an elevational view of a single-ended tungsten halogen lamp in accordance with this invention.
  • the aluminide coating was formed by packing the wires in a mixture consisting of parts of aluminum powder, 10 parts of inert material (such as powdered silica) and 1 part of halide activator (such as sodium fluoride) and then heating the packed wires at l,900F for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • inert material such as powdered silica
  • halide activator such as sodium fluoride
  • the interstitial passages around lead-in wires 7 were sealed by means of a soft glass bead 8 applied in the following manner: after lamp 1 had been exhausted, filled and sealed, a short length, about A: mm. long, of soft glass tubing, about 40 mil LD. and mil O.D., was'dispose'd around the terminus of each lead-in wire 7 abutting the end of press seal 3. A sharp flame was then used to melt the glass tubing (melting point about 500 to 600C) and cause it to partially flow into the interstices, fuse to press seal 3 and bond to lead-in wires 7.
  • the first group of lamps had aluminide coated wires and soft glass bead seals in accordance with this invention and the second group of lamps were prior art lamps, that is, without aluminide coating or soft glass bead seals.
  • the first group of lamps operated for substantially the rated life thereof, about 25 hours, and failed in the normal fashion, that is, because of tungsten evaporation from the filament.
  • the second group of lamps failed in about 5 to 10 hours and the failure due to rupturing or cracking of the press seals.
  • the invention may also be useful in the field of arc discharge lamps, since the arc tubes thereof generally have press seals at either end thereof. Such lamps do not have a fillament in the arc tube but have, instead, electrodes at each end of the arc tube. Thus, each embedded ribbon is connected to an electrode.
  • a tungsten halogen lamp comprising: a high silica glass envelope having apress seal; a filling within said envelope including halogen; a tungsten filament within said envelope, a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; means electrically connecting said filament to said ribbon connector; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.
  • a lamp comprising; a high silica glass envelope having a press seal; a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.

Abstract

A tungsten halogen lamp has molybdenum ribbon connectors embedded within a press seal of the lamp. A molybdenum lead-in wire extends from each ribbon connector externally of the press seal. The lead-in wire has an oxidation resistant molybdenum aluminide coating thereon. A bead of soft glass seals the opening in the press seal caused by the lead-in wire.

Description

United States Patent Kimball [4 1 June 6,1972
[54] TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP HAVING IMPROVED SEAL OF MOLYBDENUM ALUMINIDE [72] Inventor: Stephen F. Kimball, Beverly, Mass.
[73] Assignee: Sylvanln Electric Products Inc.
[22] Filed: Aug. 19, 1970 [2 l] Appl. No.: 65,076
s21 u.s.c1. 51 1111.01. ..l-l0lj5/48 [58] FieldoiSearch ..313/31s,317,31s
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,549,933 12/1970 Smalley........., ..313/31s x 3,21 L826 10/1965 Holcomb et al. ......3l3/3l8 UX Primary Examiner-John K. Corbin Assistant Examiner-Toby H. Kusmer Attorney-Norman J. OMalley and James Theodosopoulos ABSTRACT A tungsten halogen lamp has molybdenum ribbon connectors embedded within a press seal of the lump. A molybdenum lead-in wire extends from each ribbon connector externally of the press seal. The lead-in wire has an oxidation resistant molybdenum aluminide coating thereon. A bead of soft glass seals the opening in the press seal caused by the lead-in wire.
10 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure PATENTEDJHN e mi 3,668,391
STEPHEN F KIMBALL INVENTOR BY 2% AGENT TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP HAVING IMPROVED SEAL OF MOLYBDENUM ALUWNIDE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention I This invention relates to tungsten halogen lamps. Such lamps have a quartz or other high silica glass envelope and a fill including halogen.
2 Description of the Prior Art The high silica glass used in tungsten halogen lamps is not as readily sealable as are lower melting point glasses, such as the so-called soft and hard glasses commonly used in lamp manufacture. As a result, tungsten halogen lamp envelopes are generally sealed by means of a press seal. Such a seal is formed by heating the open end of a tubular envelope to the softening point and then pressing the end between two jaws to form a press seal.
Because of the high operating temperature of such lamps, a molybdenum ribbon connector is usually embedded within the press seal in order to provide for electrical connection to the lamp and to prevent seal failure due to thermal expansion. Examples of such lamps are shown in U. S. Pats. No. 3,497,753 and No. 3,466,489.
Such press seals are generally satisfactory when the seal temperature, during operation of the lamp, is not excessively high. However, at seal temperatures above about 350 to 400C, the external lead-in wire can oxidize, the rate of oxidation increasing with temperature, and cause premature seal failure. The reason for the oxidation is that since the external lead-in wire is not completely hermetically sealed within the press seal, air can penetrate part way into the press seal around the lead-in wire and cause oxidation of the heated wire. The resultant increase in wire diameter caused by the oxide formation can cause excessive stresses in the press seal, leading to a premature seal failure. Such a condition is especially likely to occur when the lead-in wire is made of molybdenum.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION to provide for electrical connection of the filament to an ex-i ternal power supply.
In order to prevent oxidation of the external molybdenum lead-in wires, there is a molybdenum aluminide coating on the surface of said wires. The molybdenum aluminide coating is preferably formed by a reaction with the molybdenum wire so that the coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum, that is, the coating is an integral part of the wire and will not separate or "peel therefrom. Preferably, the coating is quite thin, less than about 1 mil, in order to not impair the connection, such as by welding, of the wire to the molybdenum ribbon.
In operation, the aluminum in the aluminide coated wire oxidizes to aluminum oxide, in the presence of air; the aluminum oxide thus formed prevents further oxidation of the metal undemeath.
In the formation of a press seal around the molybdenum ribbon connectors and the lead-in wires connected thereto, there can often be a minuscule air passage between the wire and the embedding silica glass. Such a passage can often extend from the end of the press seal to the molybdenum ribbon connector. The effect of such a passage is that air can slowly penetrate therein and cause oxidation ofthe molybdenum ribbon connector. Such a result can be accelerated in miniaturized lamps, of the type shown in the drawing, where the press seal is at temperatures above about 400C. during operation.
In order to prevent penetration of air into the passage and thereby protect the ribbon connector from oxidation, the passage can be substantially sealed by a bead of soft glass melted around the terminus of the lead-in wire at the end of the press seal. The soft glass has -a lower melting point than does the high silica glass, about 500 to 600C for thesoft glass versus about l500to 1600C for high silica glass. Thus, the soft glass can flow to some extent into the interstice between the wire and the silica glass. In addition, the soft glass fuses to the silica glass and bonds wellto the wire.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The single FIGURE in the drawing is an elevational view of a single-ended tungsten halogen lamp in accordance with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODlMENT 7 Completely embedded within press seal 3 are two spaced apart molybdenum ribbon connectors 5. Filament 4 has two legs 6, the legs being connected to the ends of separate ribbon connectors 5. External lead-in wires 7 are welded to the opposite ends of ribbon connectors 5 and protrude externally of press seal 3. Lead-in wires 7 consist of straight lengths of 25 mil molybdenum wire and have a coating of molybdenum aluminide, about 0.3 to 0.5 mils thick, thereon.
The aluminide coating was formed by packing the wires in a mixture consisting of parts of aluminum powder, 10 parts of inert material (such as powdered silica) and 1 part of halide activator (such as sodium fluoride) and then heating the packed wires at l,900F for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. v
The interstitial passages around lead-in wires 7 were sealed by means of a soft glass bead 8 applied in the following manner: after lamp 1 had been exhausted, filled and sealed, a short length, about A: mm. long, of soft glass tubing, about 40 mil LD. and mil O.D., was'dispose'd around the terminus of each lead-in wire 7 abutting the end of press seal 3. A sharp flame was then used to melt the glass tubing (melting point about 500 to 600C) and cause it to partially flow into the interstices, fuse to press seal 3 and bond to lead-in wires 7.
Life tests on two groups of 650 watt lamps, having a rated life of 25 hours, were made. The lamps had an operating temperature in the middle of the press seal of 625C, considerably higher than any published rating for tungsten halogen lamps.
-The first group of lamps had aluminide coated wires and soft glass bead seals in accordance with this invention and the second group of lamps were prior art lamps, that is, without aluminide coating or soft glass bead seals.
The first group of lamps operated for substantially the rated life thereof, about 25 hours, and failed in the normal fashion, that is, because of tungsten evaporation from the filament. The second group of lamps failed in about 5 to 10 hours and the failure due to rupturing or cracking of the press seals.
Although this invention has been described with particular reference to tungsten halogen lamps, it is also applicable to other lamps having a press seal with a thin ribbon connector embedded therein and where oxidation of the external lead-in wire or of the ribbon connector can cause premature lamp failure. Quartz infrared heating lamps are an example. Such lamps are similar to tungsten halogen lamps with the exception that the lamp fill contains no halogen.
The invention may also be useful in the field of arc discharge lamps, since the arc tubes thereof generally have press seals at either end thereof. Such lamps do not have a fillament in the arc tube but have, instead, electrodes at each end of the arc tube. Thus, each embedded ribbon is connected to an electrode.
lclaim:
1. A tungsten halogen lamp comprising: a high silica glass envelope having apress seal; a filling within said envelope including halogen; a tungsten filament within said envelope, a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; means electrically connecting said filament to said ribbon connector; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.
2. The lamp of claim 1 wherein said coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum wire.
3. The lamp of claim 1 wherein said coating is'less than about 1 mil thick.
4 The lamp of claim 1 wherein a soft glass bead seals the terminus of said lead-in wire at the end of said press seal.
5. The lamp of claim 4 wherein said bead is fused to the high silica glass of said press seal and is bonded to said lead-in wire.
6. The lamp of claim 5 wherein said soft glass extends partially inward in said press seal around said lead-in wire.
7. A lamp comprising; a high silica glass envelope having a press seal; a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.
8. The lamp of claim 7 wherein said coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum wire.
' 9. The lamp of claim 7 wherein said coating is less than about 1 mil thick.
10. The lamp of claim 7 wherein a soft glass bead seals the tenninus of said lead-in wire at the end of said press seal.
a: a: a: w

Claims (9)

  1. 2. The lamp of claim 1 wherein said coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum wire.
  2. 3. The lamp of claim 1 wherein said coating is less than about 1 mil thick.
  3. 4. The lamp of claim 1 wherein a soft glass bead seals the terminus of said lead-in wire at the end of said press seal.
  4. 5. The lamp of claim 4 wherein said bead is fused to the high silica glass of said press seal and is bonded to said lead-in wire.
  5. 6. The lamp of claim 5 wherein said soft glass extends partially inward in said press seal around said lead-in wire.
  6. 7. A lamp comprising: a high silica glass envelope having a press seal; a molybdenum ribbon connector embedded within said press seal; a molybdenum external lead-in wire connected to said ribbon connector within said press seal, said lead-in wire protruding externally from said press seal, said lead-in wire having a molybdenum aluminide coating thereon.
  7. 8. The lamp of claim 7 wherein said coating is chemically bonded to the molybdenum wire.
  8. 9. The lamp of claim 7 wherein said coating is less than about 1 mil thick.
  9. 10. The lamp of claim 7 wherein a soft glass bead seals the terminus of said lead-in wire at the end of said press seal.
US65076A 1970-08-19 1970-08-19 Tungsten halogen lamp having improved seal of molybdenum aluminide Expired - Lifetime US3668391A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3721852A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-03-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Refractory metal phosphate and phosphide coatings for refractory metal leads
US3837926A (en) * 1971-09-14 1974-09-24 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Method of producing a corrosion-resisting coating on metallic molybdenum surfaces
US3926574A (en) * 1971-06-21 1975-12-16 Dewiant Corp Molybdenum based substrate coated with homogeneous molybdenum trialuminide
US4101798A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-07-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with a torpedo shaped conductor tip
FR2449968A1 (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-19 Philips Nv HIGH PRESSURE MERCURY VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP
US4296351A (en) * 1979-10-17 1981-10-20 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten halogen lamp having lead-in wire comprising tantalum alloy
US4307318A (en) * 1980-02-14 1981-12-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Miniature lamp and method
US4354137A (en) * 1980-07-15 1982-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Incandescent lamp having seal-anchored filament mount, and method of making such lamp
EP0136750A1 (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-04-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Capless electric lamp
FR2659795A1 (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-09-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Incandescent halogen lamp
US5057735A (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Reflector lamp unit with independently adjustable lamp mount
EP0743673A2 (en) * 1995-05-19 1996-11-20 General Electric Company Coiled-coil filament for an incandescent lamp
WO2000034980A1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electric lamp
US20040124759A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-07-01 Tryggvi Emilsson Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US20060022595A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 General Electric Company Conductive element and method of making
US20060177686A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
US20060279193A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2006-12-14 Marien Leo Gustaaf J E High-pressure discharge lamp
CN100538967C (en) * 2006-08-10 2009-09-09 殷尧平 Core column processing technology
US20090295291A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2009-12-03 Tryggvi Emilsson Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB8429740D0 (en) * 1984-11-24 1985-01-03 Emi Plc Thorn Lead wires in pinch seals

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US3211826A (en) * 1961-03-16 1965-10-12 Gen Electric Quartz to metal seal
US3549933A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-12-22 British Lighting Ind Ltd Quartz lamps

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3211826A (en) * 1961-03-16 1965-10-12 Gen Electric Quartz to metal seal
US3549933A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-12-22 British Lighting Ind Ltd Quartz lamps

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3926574A (en) * 1971-06-21 1975-12-16 Dewiant Corp Molybdenum based substrate coated with homogeneous molybdenum trialuminide
US3837926A (en) * 1971-09-14 1974-09-24 Egyesuelt Izzolampa Method of producing a corrosion-resisting coating on metallic molybdenum surfaces
US3721852A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-03-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Refractory metal phosphate and phosphide coatings for refractory metal leads
US4101798A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-07-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric lamp with a torpedo shaped conductor tip
FR2449968A1 (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-19 Philips Nv HIGH PRESSURE MERCURY VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP
US4296351A (en) * 1979-10-17 1981-10-20 Gte Products Corporation Tungsten halogen lamp having lead-in wire comprising tantalum alloy
US4307318A (en) * 1980-02-14 1981-12-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Miniature lamp and method
US4354137A (en) * 1980-07-15 1982-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Incandescent lamp having seal-anchored filament mount, and method of making such lamp
EP0136750A1 (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-04-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Capless electric lamp
US5057735A (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Reflector lamp unit with independently adjustable lamp mount
FR2659795A1 (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-09-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Incandescent halogen lamp
EP0743673A2 (en) * 1995-05-19 1996-11-20 General Electric Company Coiled-coil filament for an incandescent lamp
EP0743673A3 (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-11-05 General Electric Company Coiled-coil filament for an incandescent lamp
WO2000034980A1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electric lamp
US6590342B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2003-07-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp having halide resistant current conductors
CN1298015C (en) * 1998-12-08 2007-01-31 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 Electric lamp
US20040124759A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-07-01 Tryggvi Emilsson Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US20070082576A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2007-04-12 Tryggvi Emilsson Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US8277274B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-10-02 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US8264147B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-09-11 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US20090295291A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2009-12-03 Tryggvi Emilsson Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US7153179B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2006-12-26 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Oxidation-protected metallic foil and method
US20060279193A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2006-12-14 Marien Leo Gustaaf J E High-pressure discharge lamp
US20060022595A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 General Electric Company Conductive element and method of making
US20070138961A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2007-06-21 General Electric Company Conductive element having a core and coating and method of making
US7358674B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2008-04-15 General Electric Company Structure having electrodes with metal core and coating
US20080176479A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2008-07-24 General Electric Compamy Conductive element and method of making
CN1989273B (en) * 2004-07-27 2010-06-16 通用电气公司 Conductive element and method of making
WO2006014796A3 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-06-29 Gen Electric Conductive element and method of making
WO2006014796A2 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-09 General Electric Company Conductive element and method of making
US7575815B2 (en) * 2005-01-24 2009-08-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
US20060177686A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
US20090317545A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2009-12-24 Battelle Memorial Institute Aluminide coatings
CN100538967C (en) * 2006-08-10 2009-09-09 殷尧平 Core column processing technology

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AU3251271A (en) 1973-02-22
CA940585A (en) 1974-01-22
GB1301966A (en) 1973-01-04
ZA715436B (en) 1972-05-31

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