US3663215A - Wear-resistant stainless steel - Google Patents
Wear-resistant stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3663215A US3663215A US849861A US3663215DA US3663215A US 3663215 A US3663215 A US 3663215A US 849861 A US849861 A US 849861A US 3663215D A US3663215D A US 3663215DA US 3663215 A US3663215 A US 3663215A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- molybdenum
- silicon
- steel
- wear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
Definitions
- the steel contains the three es- [211 PP No: 849,861 sential ingredients chromium, nickel and silicon, with one or more of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium/tantalum and titanium, and remainder iron.
- the chromium [52] US. Cl ..75/128 C, 75/128 W, 75/128 Z, o t to about 10 percent to 22 percent, nickel about 14 75/128 V percent to 25 percent, silicon about 5 percent to 12 percent [5 especially about 7 percent to l percenh together ith about [58] Field of Search ..75/123 Cl, 128 R 3 percent to 2 percent f the group Consising f molyb.
- my invention generally relates to the austenitic stainless steels.
- One of the objects of the invention is the provision of an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel which by reason of the addition of other ingredients in particular amount is of exceptional cleanliness, and not only is workable and/or machinable, but is of great hardness and strength and especially suited to applications where there is encountered a combination of corrosive attack and frictional wear.
- Another object is the provision of a steel of the character indicated which may be converted from billet and bar into plate, sheet, strip, bar, rod and wire forms by conventional mill practice which may be fabricated by a brazing or by a welding technique, and which may be cut, drilled, tapped, threaded and otherwise machined in the production of a host of articles of ultimate use.
- a further object is the provision of an austenitic chromiumnickel stainless steel of the general character indicated which is suited to food-processing, petro-chemical and nuclear applications, as well as applications on the farm, in industry, and in the home.
- austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels are well known in the art. These generally may be viewed as stainless steels containing some percent to 30 percent chromium, with nickel on the order of some 3 or 4 percent on up to about 30 or 35 percent.
- One such austenitic steel which is suited to a variety of applications where welding is required and which also lends itself to applications in the chemical and food-processing industries is the A151 Type 304 (18-20 percent chromium, 8-12 percent nickel, 0.08 percent max. carbon, 2.00 percent max. manganese, 1.00 percent max. silicon, and remainder iron).
- the low-carbon modification of this steel is of like composition except the maximum carbon content is 0.03 percent.
- This steel is particularly suited to applications where the steel is to be used in the as-welded condition.
- Unfortunately, neither the Type 304 nor the Type 3041. is suited to applications where wear and abrasion are encountered under stress, the metal frequently cracking in such duty.
- a precipitation-hardening chromium-nickel stainless steel which does enjoy high strength and hardness in the hardened condition, along with excellent corrosion-resistance, is the Armco 17-4 PH (about 16.5 percent chromium, about 4.0 percent nickel, about 4.0 percent copper, about 1.0 percent manganese, about 1.0 percent silicon, carbon 0.07 percent max., 0.35 percent columbium, and remainder iron). But, here again, the wear-resisting qualities of the metal leave much to be desired.
- a further precipitation-hardening chromium-nickel stainless steel is that described in my prior US. Pat. No. 2,984,563, of May 16, 1961. That steel contains about 12-18 percent chromium, about 13-30 percent nickel, about 36.5 percent silicon, about l-4.5 percent molybdenum, with the sum of the molybdenum and silicon contents being at least 5.5 percent, and remainder iron. While workable and formable, and hardenable by precipitation methods, this steel, too, is lacking in heavy-duty abrasion-resisting properties.
- one of the objects is to overcome the deficiencies of the alloys of the prior art as discussed above, and provide an alloy at an acceptable price which not only is corrosion-resisting, but which works well in the hot-mill as in the production of plate, sheet, strip, bar, rod and wire, which lends itself to fabrication as by cutting, threading, tapping, and the like, as well as by welding, and which with simple heat-treatment assures great hardness and resistance to wear, in addition to retaining the desired corrosion-resisting qualities under stress.
- My steel essentially consists of the ingredients chromium, nickel, silicon, and one or both of tungsten and molybdenum, with remainder substantially all iron. 1n broad composition, the chromium amounts to about 10 percent to about 22 percent, the nickel about 14 percent to about 25 percent and particularly about 20 percent to about 25 percent, and the silicon about 5 percent to about 12 percent especially about 7 percent to about 1 1 percent.
- the steel essentially contains one or more of the ingredients molybdenum up to about 10 percent, tungsten up to about 8 percent, vanadium up to about 5 percent, columbium/tantalum up to about 5 percent, and titanium up to about 5 percent, these additional elements being present in sum total of about 3 percent to about 12 percent.
- the phosphorus and sulphur contents are low, the phosphorus usually not exceeding about 0.04 percent and the sulphur ordinarily not exceeding about 0.02 percent. Copper in amounts up to 4 percent may be added for special purposes, for example, for improved resistance to sea-water corrosion.
- the steel may be melted in the vacuum furnace or, indeed, may be melted and then remelted in vacuum, I find that steel of high quality with a minimum of impurities also is had by conventional melting in the electric arc furnace.
- the steel is readily cast into ingots which for the most part lend themselves to ready conversion in the hot-mill into plate, sheet and strip, bar, rod and wire.
- the steels of the lower silicon contents say some 5 percent to 7 percent, may be further converted in the coldmill, as in the production of cold-rolled plate, sheet and strip, and in the production of cold-drawn wire.
- These lower silicon steels may be fabricated as by pressing and bending, as well as machining, that is, cutting, sawing, threading, tapping and the like.
- the steel of the higher silicon contents say some 8 percent to 10 percent, while not readily cold-workable and cold-formable, does lend itself to machining;
- the steel of the highest silicon ranges, say about 9 percent to about 1 l or 12 percent, although neither cold-workable nor machinable in the ordinary sense, may be hot-worked and, of course, processed by conventional grinding methods.
- My steel of all silicon contents is readily weldable, giving a fully austenitic crack-free weld. And, as noted above, the steel is singularly free of impurities, the common impurities carbon, nitrogen and sulphur apparently being rejected by the high silicon content and so, too, the oxides commonly present in many of the stainless steels.
- Hardening of the steel is had by first subjecting it to solution-treatment at a temperature of about 2,000 to 2,300 F. and cooling, followed by reheating at some l,200 to 1,500 F.
- solution-treated condition the steel has a hardness on the order of Rockwell C50 as a maximum, this ordinarily amounting to about Rockwell B85 for the steel having a silicon content of about percent and Rockwell C50 for the steel with about percent silicon.
- the hardened condition there is had a hardness of about Rockwell C72.
- the steel of my invention because of its surprising combination of strength, corrosion-resistance and resistance to wear by friction, is suited to the production of moving belts and roller chains for food-processing plants. Moreover, I find that the steel is particularly suitable to applications in the petro-chemical industry because of a surprising resistance to sulphidation. It is suited to the production of gears, push-pull controls, fluid valves and even the valves for Diesel engines, because of its surprising resistance to seizing, galling, and the like, in combination with great resistance to wear. Moreover, the steel lends itself to a variety of nuclear applications as in racks, gears and ball screws for positioning the reactor controls.
- pins, bushings, axles, ball-jacks for converting rotary into linear motion or vice versa
- threaded assemblies may be employed in the form of plow points for farm applications, tool bits for oil well drilling and, indeed, a host of applications where there is encountered a combination of frictional wear, along with corrosive attack. It may be employed as a weld-rod for hard-surfacing a product or piece of equipment.
- my steel Because of its great hardness, my steel also is suited to the production of cutting blades for a variety of slicing and trimming machines, cutlery, surgical instruments and razor blades. And because of its great hardness at high temperatures and resistance to scaling, the steel is suited to duty in rotary cement kilns as, for example, the chains loosely riding within the kiln to break up the partially decomposed limestone.
- the steel of my invention in broad composition essentially consists of some 10 percent to 20 percent chromium, about l4 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, with one or more of the ingredients molybdenum up to about 10 percent, tungsten up to about 8 percent, vanadium up to about 5 percent, columbium/tantalum up to about 5 percent and titanium up to about 5 percent, the total of these ingredients amounting to about 3 percent to about 12 percent, and remainder substantially all iron, there are a number of individual embodiments in which there is achieved a best combination of properties for one application or another.
- the amounts of the ingredients chromium, nickel, silicon and the sum total of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium-tantalum and titanium are in every sense critical. For with significant departure from the assigned limits, one or more of the desired properties is lost, or seriously suffers.
- the chromium content must be in the amount of at least about 10 percent, for with a lesser amount there is a distinct loss of corrosion-resistance, and a chromium content exceeding about 22 percent or even about 20 percent, results in a disturbance of the austenitic balance of the metal and some difficulty in forming the desired silicides of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium/tantalum and titanium, as well as a sacrifice in workability.
- the nickel content must amount to at least about 14 percent, better results being had where the nickel content amounts to some l5, l7, 19 or even 20 percent.
- a nickel content exceeding about 25 percent is inclined to lend such stability to the metal that hardening by heat-treatment becomes difficult, if not virtually impossible.
- hot-workability suffers with excessive nickel, especially where the silicon content is high.
- the nickel content should not exceed about 22 percent, for it is important that there be developed in my steel an austenitic matrix which supports the finely dispersed silicides noted above.
- the silicon content of my steel is particularly critical. For, as pointed to above, I feel that it is a finely dispersed silicide of one or more of these latter ingredients, which may even include some chromium, which assures the surprising resistance to wear which is enjoyed by my steel.
- the silicon content in my view should not be less than about 7 percent, certainly not less than about 5 percent, in order to assure resistance to wear and abrasion. On the other hand, the silicon content should not exceed about 12 percent, for otherwise hot-workability drastically suffers.
- a silicon content of about 5% to some 6 or 7 percent is required in order to assure reasonably good cold-working properties, a silicon content of some 7 percent to 9 percent although suffering a loss of cold-formability nevertheless possesses good machining properties; and a silicon content of some 9 to ll or 12 percent for maximum resistance to wear and abrasion and a cutting edge of maximum life. While it reasonably might be expected that the high silicon content in combination with the high chromium and molybdenum or tungsten or vanadium or columbium-tantalum or titanium contents would result in a steel of martensitic structure, it seems that those elements interfere with the ferritizing effect of the silicon. Regardless of explanation, the steel is austenitic and non-magnetic; microscopic examination fails to reveal the presence of ferrite.
- the sum of the molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium/tantalum and titanium contents of my steel should be at least about 3 percent in total, for otherwise there is insufficient potential for adequate formation of the required silicides; preferably both molybdenum and tungsten are employed, or as desired both molybdenum and vanadium or molybdenum and columbium/tantalum may be used, for with the combination of the special alloying ingredients it appears that there is a synergistic effect which not only assures maximum wear but also a maximum assured freedom from sticking, seizing, or galling between contacting surfaces of the same or another metal.
- the molybdenum content, where employed, should not exceed about l percent and the tungsten content should not exceed about 8 percent, with the sum of the molybdenum and tungsten contents not exceeding about 8 percent, certainly not exceeding some 10 or 12 percent, for with an excess, the hot-working properties are lost and so, too, the machinability. Actually, with the sum of the molybdenum, tungsten or other alloying ingredients exceeding about 7 or 8 percent, there is little added benefit over that had where the sum total of these ingredients amounts to some 6 or 7 percent.
- one steel essentially consists of about 10 percent to about 20 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 3 percent to about 9 percent molybdenum, or, as desired, about 2 percent to about 4 percent each of molybdenum and tungsten, with remainder substantially all iron.
- Another essentially consists of about 14 percent to about 16 percent chromium, about 15 percent to about 19 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 7 percent silicon, with up to about 5 percent each of molybdenum and tungsten in total amount of about 3 percent to 8 percent, more particularly about 2 percent to about 4 percent molybdenum and about 2 percent to about 4 percent tungsten, and remainder substantially all iron.
- These steels may contain columbium up to about 5 percent, particularly about 0.2 percent to about 2 percent columbium, the columbium forming a silicide of great hardness. They lend themselves to cold-reductions up to about 60 percent. They are fully austenitic in the annealed or solution-treated condition. They may be fabricated as by cutting, drilling, threading, and the like. And they readily may be welded. They are suited to a variety of applications where a combination of corrosion-resistance and resistance to frictional wear is required. The steel also is suited for duty as an internal combustion engine valve. The low density of the metal because of the high silicon content assures a minimum of inertia; low inertia is important to the rapid reciprocation encountered in valve operation.
- the high hot-hardness enjoyed by my steel is a further benefit.
- the high hot-hardness and the retention of this hardness at high temperatures say up to 1,700 E, makes the steel especially suited to duty as tools and dies for the forming of titanium and titanium alloys. In such applications the temperatures may well reach some l,200 to 1,400" P.
- a further preferred steel according to my invention essentially consists of about 19 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 20 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 7 percent or even about 7 percent to about 1 1 percent silicon, with one or both of molybdenum and tungsten each in amounts up to about 5 percent and the total amounting to about 3 percent to 8 percent, and remainder substantially all iron.
- the steel of this embodiment is particularly resistant to corrosion and to wear.
- columbium may be present up to about 2 percent.
- Another embodiment essentially consists of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 17 percent to about 20 or 22 percent nickel, about 5 or 7 percent to about 9 percent silicon, about 2 percent to about 4 percent molybdenum with tungsten up to about 5 percent, or molybdenum up to about 5 percent and tungsten about 2 percent to about 4 percent, and remainder substantially all iron.
- this steel columbium may be added in amounts up to about 2 percent.
- a more specific preferred steel essentially consists of about percent chromium, about 18 percent nickel, about 8 percent silicon, with about 3 percent molybdenum and tungsten in combination, and remainder substantially all iron. In the steel of this embodiment, both broadly and specifically, great hardness and resistance to wear are had.
- the steel although not workable by the usual methods, is readily machinable into a host of articles of ultimate use where particular resistance to wear is required in addition to resistance to corrosion.
- the exceptional hot-hardness of this steel makes it particularly suited to duty as a valve for Diesel engines, where there are reached operating temperatures of 1 ,600 F.
- the particular steel in which there is enjoyed a greatest resistance to wear essentially consists of about 10 percent to about 16 or 18 percent chromium, about 17 percent to about 22 percent nickel, about 7 percent to about 1 1 percent silicon, about 1 percent to about 5 percent molybdenum and about 1 percent to about 5 percent tungsten with the sum total of the two amounting to about 3 percent to 8 percent, and remainder substantially all iron.
- This steel not only enjoys a maximum of wear resistance, with a maximum freedom from seizing or galling, along with good resistance to corrosion, making it suitable to a variety of applications where this combination of properties is called into play, but it also takes a keen cutting edge of long retained sharpness, making it particularly suitable for cutlery, razor blades, surgical instruments and the cutting blades of food-processing equipment.
- the silicides as noted above, which in effect give a very fine serrated edge.
- the steel also is beneficially employed as machine tools, as for example, those suited to cutting stainless steel.
- Other preferred steels essentially consist of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 1 1 percent especially about 7 percent to about 11% silicon, about 2 percent to about 9 percent molybdenum, about 1 percent to about 5 percent vanadium, and remainder substantially all iron.
- a further steel essentially consists of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 7 percent to about ll percent silicon, about 2 percent to about 9 percent molybdenum, about 1 percent to about 5 percent columbium/tantalum, and remainder substantially all iron.
- a still further steel essentially consists of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 11 percent particularly about 7 percent to about 1 1 percent silicon, about 2 percent to about 9 percent molybdenum, about 1 percent to about 5 percent titanium, and remainder substantially all iron.
- carbon is present in amounts up to about 0.10 percent. All are possessed of great hardness when solution-treated and then hardened by reheatmg.
- Table 1(a) the analyses of some twelve steels, two according to the invention and ten not answering to the compositional requirements of my steel.
- Table l(b) 1 set out the heat-treatment given the various steels of Table 1(a), the hardness of these steels, and the results of the wear-resisting tests conducted on the same.
- the comparative wear-resisting qualities of the. steels of Table 1(a) are presented below in Table 1(b).
- the wear tests were made on a Falex Lubricant Tester advertised by the National Tube Division of the United States Steel Corporation. It employs a fit-HP motor which vertically rotates a test sample in the form of a pin at the constant speed of 290 RPM.
- the test samples were located between two V-blocks which exerted a controlled lateral or jaw pressure amounting to some 400 or 500 pounds.
- the time of test, in absence of sample failure, was set at 1 minute. For each steel there was tested a set of four specimens, and it is the average results which are recorded.
- the high-columbium steels R-64l9 and R-6420 seized heavily, seizing occurring with a jaw pressure of only some 350 to 400 pounds. Moreover, the wear-resisting qualities were poor.
- the hardnesses of the steels of Table ll(a) are presented below in Table ll(b), both-for the annealed or solution-treated condition of the metal and for the hardened condition.
- Solution-treatment was had by heating at 2,000 E. for 30 minutes and cooling in air.
- hardening was achieved by reheating at l,500 F. for 16 hours and air cooling.
- the hardness figures are given in Rockwell C or B, as the case may be. All steels were found to possess excellent wear-resisting qualities, as determined by test according to the method employed for the steels of Table 1(a) as shown in Table 1(b).
- the hardness in the hardened condition amounts to some Rockwell C42/45. With about 4 percent molybdenum (Heat No. R 7659), it comes to Rockwell C48. And with about 8 percent molybdenum (Heat No. R 7660), it comes to about Rockwell C52. Similarly, for the steels with about 6 percent tungsten (Heat Nos. R 7444-3, R 75563 and R 7557-3), the hardness figures are Rockwell C 41/46.
- the hardness is only Rockwell C 27.
- the other ingredients are virtually the same for the two steels, the silicon amounting to less than 7 percent. Where molybdenum and vanadium are present in total amount of about 7 percent (Heat No. R 7662), there is had a hardness or Rockwell C 46, the silicon here amounting to about 8 percent.
- This steel is particularly suited to applications involving frictional wear, as in a piston-cylinder relationship. It is suited to the production of a variety of actuators for servo-mechanisms.
- the steels with columbium (Heat No. R 7608) and with titanium (Heat No. R 7610) are characterized by hardnesses of Rockwell C 32 and C 29 respectively. With molybdenum in addition there is some increased hardness, but this is rather slight; the hardness for both of the molybdenum-bearing steels is Rockwell C 36.
- the silicon content of all four of these steels is about the same, namely, just under 6 percent. Where the total of the molybdenum and titanium additions is increased to about 7 percent and the silicon is about 8 percent (Heat No. R 7663), the hardness is raised to some Rockwell C 44.
- the columbium/tantalum-containing steels, as well as the titanium-bearing steels, are especially suited to hard-surfacing applications, that is, applications where the steels are remelted and sprayed onto various pieces of apparatus and equipment to serve as an effective hard and abrasion-resistant surface.
- the steel of my invention not only is resistant to corrosion in the presence of chlorides, brines, sulphides and other acids and salts commonly encountered in the food-processing, the petro-chemical and earth-moving industries, but is resistant to the seizing, galling and wear encountered in actual use.
- the steel lends itself to mechanical fabrication and welding in the production of a wide variety of articles, products, equipment and apparatus.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 20 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 7 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 2 percent to about 4 percent molybdenum, about 2 percent to about 4 tungsten, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 17 percent to about 19 percent nickel, about 7 percent to about 9 percent silicon, about 3 percent to about 7 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 20 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 7 percent to about 10 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 11 percent silicon, about 3.5 percent to about 8 percent tungsten, up to about 7 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0. 15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 1 percent to about 5 percent vanadium, up to about 10 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 015 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 20 percent chromium, about 15 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 11 percent silicon, up to about 9 percent molybdenum, about 1.5 percent to about 4 percent columbium, carbon not exceeding 0. 15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 1 percent to about 5 percent titanium, up to about 10 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 015 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 17 percent to about 22 percent nickel, about 9 percent to about 11 percent silicon, about 2 percent to about 4 percent molybdenum, up to about 5 percent tungsten, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 19 percent to about 22 percent nickel, about 9 percent to about 1 1 percent silicon, up to about 5 percent molybdenum, about 2 percent to about 4 percent tungsten, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 2. Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 17 percent to about 19 percent nickel, about 7 percent to about 9 percent silicon, about 3 percent to about 7 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 3. Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 20 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 7 percent to about 10 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 4. Austenitic stainless steel precipitation hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to abouT 11 percent silicon, about 3.5 percent to about 8 percent tungsten, up to about 7 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 5. Austenitic stainless steel essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 1 percent to about 5 percent vanadium, up to about 10 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 6. Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 20 percent chromium, about 15 percent to about 20 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 11 percent silicon, up to about 9 percent molybdenum, about 1.5 percent to about 4 percent columbium, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 7. Austenitic stainless steel essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 22 percent chromium, about 14 percent to about 25 percent nickel, about 5 percent to about 12 percent silicon, about 1 percent to about 5 percent titanium, up to about 10 percent molybdenum, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 8. Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 17 percent to about 22 percent nickel, about 9 percent to about 11 percent silicon, about 2 percent to about 4 percent molybdenum, up to about 5 percent tungsten, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
- 9. Austenitic stainless steel precipitation-hardenable to great hardness and wear-resistance essentially consisting of about 10 percent to about 18 percent chromium, about 19 percent to about 22 percent nickel, about 9 percent to about 11 percent silicon, up to about 5 percent molybdenum, about 2 percent to about 4 percent tungsten, carbon not exceeding 0.15 percent and remainder substantially all iron.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84986169A | 1969-08-13 | 1969-08-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3663215A true US3663215A (en) | 1972-05-16 |
Family
ID=25306701
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US849861A Expired - Lifetime US3663215A (en) | 1969-08-13 | 1969-08-13 | Wear-resistant stainless steel |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3663215A (en) |
BE (1) | BE754818A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2040308A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES382712A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2058002A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1314601A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3853545A (en) * | 1972-06-29 | 1974-12-10 | Tokushu Seiko Co Ltd | Cast alloy for valve seat insert |
US4099967A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-07-11 | Armco Steel Corporation | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel |
US4220689A (en) * | 1979-01-26 | 1980-09-02 | Armco Inc. | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel powder product |
US4279648A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1981-07-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | High silicon chromium nickel steel for strong nitric acid |
US4450008A (en) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-05-22 | Earle M. Jorgensen Co. | Stainless steel |
US5051233A (en) * | 1989-01-14 | 1991-09-24 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Stainless wrought and cast materials and welding additives for structural units exposed to hot, concentrated sulfuric acid |
US5306477A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-04-26 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Use of wrought and cast materials and welding fillers for making and using hot concentrated sulphuric acid or oleum |
US5865385A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-02-02 | Arnett; Charles R. | Comminuting media comprising martensitic/austenitic steel containing retained work-transformable austenite |
US20050269074A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-08 | Chitwood Gregory B | Case hardened stainless steel oilfield tool |
US6978885B1 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2005-12-27 | Rexnord Industries, Inc. | Hinge conveyor chain |
US20070178356A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-02 | Newman Keith E | Development of high energy surfaces on stainless steels for improved wettability |
US20070280399A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2007-12-06 | Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute | Thermal load reducing system for nuclear reactor vessel |
US20080281401A1 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stainless steel alloy having lowered nickel-chrominum toxicity and improved biocompatibility |
US20200308804A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | Esco Group Llc | Lip for excavating bucket |
CN115874117A (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2023-03-31 | 浙江丰业集团有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant stainless steel pipe and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2324752A1 (en) * | 1975-06-24 | 1977-04-15 | Sandvik Ab | STAINLESS STEEL RESISTANT TO CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID |
JPS56139616A (en) * | 1980-04-02 | 1981-10-31 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Surface detect improving method of steel plate for concentrated nitric acid |
FR2531945B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-05-13 | Cil Inc | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND CONCENTRATION OF SULFURIC ACID, AND ELEMENTS OF THE APPARATUS |
FR2541591B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1987-12-18 | Cil Inc | ACID DISPENSER FOR DEHYDRATION OR ABSORPTION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID |
FR2541664B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-12-30 | Cil Inc | APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SULFURIC ACID, AND ELEMENTS OF THE APPARATUS |
FR2546871B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-12-30 | Cil Inc | SULFURIC ACID CONCENTRATION APPARATUS |
FR2541592B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-08-26 | Canadian Ind | GAS-SULFURIC ACID CONTACT UNIT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID |
CA1181569A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1985-01-29 | Frank Smith | Apparatus and process |
FR2541665B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-11-25 | Cil Inc | SULFURIC ACID CONCENTRATION PROCESS |
FR2544061B1 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1988-10-28 | Cil Inc | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID |
US4806305A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1989-02-21 | Haynes International, Inc. | Ductile nickel-silicon alloy |
DE4118437A1 (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1992-12-10 | I P Bardin Central Research In | HIGH SILICON, CORROSION-RESISTANT, AUSTENITIC STEEL |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1790177A (en) * | 1928-11-14 | 1931-01-27 | Stoody Co | Tough stable-surface alloy steel |
US2984563A (en) * | 1957-12-18 | 1961-05-16 | Tanczyn Harry | Stainless steel and method |
US3044871A (en) * | 1960-04-13 | 1962-07-17 | Cooper Alloy Corp | Hardenable corrosion resistant stainless steel |
US3198631A (en) * | 1961-05-01 | 1965-08-03 | Dougles E Jones | Medium duty, wear resistant machine element |
US3235417A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-02-15 | Chrysler Corp | High temperature alloys and process of making the same |
US3476555A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | 1969-11-04 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Corrosion-resistant metallic articles and composition therefor |
-
0
- BE BE754818D patent/BE754818A/en unknown
-
1969
- 1969-08-13 US US849861A patent/US3663215A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1970
- 1970-08-12 GB GB3886270A patent/GB1314601A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-08-12 FR FR7029756A patent/FR2058002A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-08-13 DE DE19702040308 patent/DE2040308A1/en active Pending
- 1970-08-13 ES ES382712A patent/ES382712A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1790177A (en) * | 1928-11-14 | 1931-01-27 | Stoody Co | Tough stable-surface alloy steel |
US2984563A (en) * | 1957-12-18 | 1961-05-16 | Tanczyn Harry | Stainless steel and method |
US3044871A (en) * | 1960-04-13 | 1962-07-17 | Cooper Alloy Corp | Hardenable corrosion resistant stainless steel |
US3198631A (en) * | 1961-05-01 | 1965-08-03 | Dougles E Jones | Medium duty, wear resistant machine element |
US3235417A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-02-15 | Chrysler Corp | High temperature alloys and process of making the same |
US3476555A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | 1969-11-04 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Corrosion-resistant metallic articles and composition therefor |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3853545A (en) * | 1972-06-29 | 1974-12-10 | Tokushu Seiko Co Ltd | Cast alloy for valve seat insert |
US4099967A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-07-11 | Armco Steel Corporation | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel |
US4146412A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1979-03-27 | Armco Steel Corporation | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel |
US4279648A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1981-07-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | High silicon chromium nickel steel for strong nitric acid |
US4220689A (en) * | 1979-01-26 | 1980-09-02 | Armco Inc. | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel powder product |
US4450008A (en) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-05-22 | Earle M. Jorgensen Co. | Stainless steel |
US5051233A (en) * | 1989-01-14 | 1991-09-24 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Stainless wrought and cast materials and welding additives for structural units exposed to hot, concentrated sulfuric acid |
US5120496A (en) * | 1989-01-14 | 1992-06-09 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Stainless wrought and cast materials and welding additives for structural units exposed to hot, concentrated sulfuric acid |
US5306477A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-04-26 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Use of wrought and cast materials and welding fillers for making and using hot concentrated sulphuric acid or oleum |
US6080247A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2000-06-27 | Gs Technologies Operating Company | Comminuting media comprising martensitic/austenitic steel containing retained work-transformable austenite |
US5865385A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-02-02 | Arnett; Charles R. | Comminuting media comprising martensitic/austenitic steel containing retained work-transformable austenite |
US8580189B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2013-11-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stainless steel alloy having lowered nickel-chrominum toxicity and improved biocompatibility |
US20080281401A1 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stainless steel alloy having lowered nickel-chrominum toxicity and improved biocompatibility |
US8036335B2 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2011-10-11 | Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute | Thermal load reducing system for nuclear reactor vessel |
US20070280399A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2007-12-06 | Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute | Thermal load reducing system for nuclear reactor vessel |
US20080107226A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2008-05-08 | Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute | Thermal load reducing system for nuclear reactor vessel |
US20050269074A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-08 | Chitwood Gregory B | Case hardened stainless steel oilfield tool |
US6978885B1 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2005-12-27 | Rexnord Industries, Inc. | Hinge conveyor chain |
US8097377B2 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2012-01-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Development of high energy surfaces on stainless steels for improved wettability |
US20070178356A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-02 | Newman Keith E | Development of high energy surfaces on stainless steels for improved wettability |
US20200308804A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | Esco Group Llc | Lip for excavating bucket |
US11952742B2 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2024-04-09 | Esco Group Llc | Lip for excavating bucket |
CN115874117A (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2023-03-31 | 浙江丰业集团有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant stainless steel pipe and preparation method thereof |
CN115874117B (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2024-04-02 | 浙江丰业集团有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant stainless steel pipe and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2040308A1 (en) | 1971-03-25 |
FR2058002A5 (en) | 1971-05-21 |
ES382712A1 (en) | 1972-11-16 |
GB1314601A (en) | 1973-04-26 |
BE754818A (en) | 1971-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3663215A (en) | Wear-resistant stainless steel | |
US7611590B2 (en) | Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines | |
US3912503A (en) | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel | |
US4814140A (en) | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel alloy | |
CA1184402A (en) | Ferritic stainless steel having good corrosion resistance | |
US5427635A (en) | Martenstitic stainless steel with improved machinability | |
KR20070026683A (en) | Ferritic stainless steel alloy | |
CA1227955A (en) | Galling and wear resistant steel alloy | |
EP0769078B1 (en) | Free-machining austenitic stainless steel | |
US4678523A (en) | Corrosion- and wear-resistant duplex steel | |
US5362337A (en) | Free-machining martensitic stainless steel | |
US2147121A (en) | Alloy compositions and articles made therefrom | |
US4191562A (en) | Wear-resistant nickel-base alloy | |
Bletton et al. | Influence of oxide nature on the machinability of 316L stainless steels | |
GB2312678A (en) | Free-machining austenitic stainless steel | |
US4220689A (en) | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel powder product | |
JPH0414182B2 (en) | ||
US3888659A (en) | Free machining austenitic stainless steel | |
US2297687A (en) | Alloy and cutting tool | |
US3330652A (en) | High speed steel | |
US3799765A (en) | Free-machining stainless steel | |
US6461452B1 (en) | Free-machining, martensitic, precipitation-hardenable stainless steel | |
US2575216A (en) | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom | |
JPH02153035A (en) | Ni-base alloy for hot working tool | |
US3177074A (en) | Cobalt base alloys |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION, STANDARD AVE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. , EFFECTIVE DEC. 31, 1987.;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004850/0157 Effective date: 19871216 Owner name: ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION,PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004850/0157 Effective date: 19871216 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BALTIMORE SPECIALTY STEELS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004923/0686 Effective date: 19880401 Owner name: BALTIMORE SPECIALTY STEELS CORPORATION, 3501 E. BI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ARMCO ADVANCED MATERIALS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004923/0686 Effective date: 19880401 |