US3198631A - Medium duty, wear resistant machine element - Google Patents

Medium duty, wear resistant machine element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3198631A
US3198631A US106459A US10645961A US3198631A US 3198631 A US3198631 A US 3198631A US 106459 A US106459 A US 106459A US 10645961 A US10645961 A US 10645961A US 3198631 A US3198631 A US 3198631A
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wear resistant
medium duty
machine element
resistant machine
nickel
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US106459A
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Dougles E Jones
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon

Definitions

  • the elements may be in the forms of valves, valve seat inserts, and other machine elements for use in medium duty applications wherein the elements must retain their hot hardness, resistance to wear, and corroison resistance, at elevated temperatures.
  • the invention also relates to the compositions from which such machine elements may be formed.
  • One of the main objects of the invention is the provision of inexpensive medium duty, wear resistant machine elements, such as hard faced or surfaced valves and valve inserts, which may be used in medium duty applications wherein they must be able to withstand medium severe operating temperatures, pressures and corrosive atmospheres without losing their hardness.
  • Another important object of the invention is the provision of inexpensive alloys for making such medium duty, wear resistant elements which may be used in the as cast condition Without heat treatment and have a hardness within the range of about 35 to 45 on the Rockwell C scale.
  • the machine elements of this invention may be formed of alloys falling within the following general composition:
  • Example I The following is typical of a production heat of approximately 200 lbs.
  • Elements and alloys may be melted in any suitable melting device, although induction melting lends itself to better control. Special techniques such as the use of inert atmospheres (i.e. argon) or vacuum may be beneficial but are not generally necessary. Standard deoxidization practices (i.e. ferr-osilicon, calcium silicon, etc.) are normally beneficial.
  • a wearresistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
  • a wear resistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,198,631 MEDIUM DUTY, WEAR RESISTANT MACHKNE ELEMENT Dougles E. Jones, 1716 7th St. Menominee, Mich. No Drawing. Filed May 1, 1961, Ser. No. 106,459 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-128) This invention relates to inexpensive, wear resistant elements formed of iron-base, non-magnetic alloys rich in chromium and nickel the structure of which is one of complex carbides in an austenitic matrix, arranged or oriented in the normal dentritic, as cast, form. The elements may be in the forms of valves, valve seat inserts, and other machine elements for use in medium duty applications wherein the elements must retain their hot hardness, resistance to wear, and corroison resistance, at elevated temperatures. The invention also relates to the compositions from which such machine elements may be formed.
One of the main objects of the invention is the provision of inexpensive medium duty, wear resistant machine elements, such as hard faced or surfaced valves and valve inserts, which may be used in medium duty applications wherein they must be able to withstand medium severe operating temperatures, pressures and corrosive atmospheres without losing their hardness.
Another important object of the invention is the provision of inexpensive alloys for making such medium duty, wear resistant elements which may be used in the as cast condition Without heat treatment and have a hardness within the range of about 35 to 45 on the Rockwell C scale.
Certain other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description and the appended claims.
The machine elements of this invention may be formed of alloys falling within the following general composition:
Percent by weight Iron 45.0-73.0
Chromium 12.0-17.0 Nickel 12.0-170 Silicon 1.5-4.0
Molybdenum 0.0-5.0 Tungsten 0.0-5.0 Manganese 0.5-2.0 Vanadium 0.0-2.5 Carbon 1.0-2.5
Alloys from which machine elements may be made having excellent properties according to this invention have the following preferred composition:
Percent by weight Alloys of the foregoing preferred analysis have been used to make valves and valve inserts for all types of internal combustion engines. These alloys may also be used to make other machine elements which must exhibit good wear resistance under moderately severe operating conditions.
3,i98,03l Patented Aug. 3, i965 "ice The three following formulations falling within the general composition set forth above have the special properties indicated by their respective headings:
MAXIMUM HOT HARDNESS Chromium 15.25-16.00 Nickel 13.50-14.25 Silicon 2.50-2.75 O Molybdenum 0.75-1.00 Manganese 0.60-0.70 Carbon 1.90-2.00 Iron Balance MAXIMUM HOT STRENGTH Chromium 12.00-12.75 Nickel 13.50-14.25 Silicon 2.50-2.75 Molybdenum 1.75-2.25 Tungsten 1.75-2.25 Manganese 0.75-1.00 Carbon 1.90-2.10 Iron Balance MAXIMUM DUCTILITY Chromium 14.00-14.75
Nickel 14.25-15.00
Silicon 2.50-2.75 Tungsten 1 maximum Molybdenum 1 maximum Manganese 0.50-0.70 Carbon 1.10-1.30
iron Balance The following specific example will serve to further illustrate how this invention may be practiced.
Example I The following is typical of a production heat of approximately 200 lbs.
Melt formula: Lbs.
Nickel metal 28.80 11.? pig iron 90.00 Mild steel scrap 3 0.00 Low carbon ferrochrome (72% Cr.) "43.60 Ferrosilicon (83% Si) 3.90 Ferromanganese (83% mn.) .50 Ferromolybdenum (62% Mo.) 2.75 Carbon .32
(A) Elements and alloys may be melted in any suitable melting device, although induction melting lends itself to better control. Special techniques such as the use of inert atmospheres (i.e. argon) or vacuum may be beneficial but are not generally necessary. Standard deoxidization practices (i.e. ferr-osilicon, calcium silicon, etc.) are normally beneficial.
(B) This alloy may be cast into almost any type mold material although best results will be obtained with dry molds (i.e. shell molds, fired ceramic molds, etc.)
(C) Pouring temperatures will be determined by the complexity of the casting to be produced, its section size or sizes, and mass. Temperatures 250 to 500 degrees F. above the melting point prove most satisfactory. The lower tern erature intended for preheated molds or fairly heavy castings and the higher temperature for small castings of thin section in room temperature molds. Melting point of the alloy is approximately 2365 degrees F. more or less depending on composition within the specification.
(D) The above melt formula will produce castings having a composition approximately as follows:
Chromium 15.50
Nickel 14.40
Silicon 2.38 Molybdenum .82 Manganese .58 Carbon 1.90
(E) Some elements will vary from the composition indicated by an amount dependent on type of melting unit employed, temperatures used, and time consumed in melting, and in some cases the refractory material used for furnace lining.
(F) It should be recognized that the materials used in the melt formula are one combination of many that are possible and permissible (i.e. careful use of secondary metals and analyzed scrap).
What is claimed as new is:
1. A wearresistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
Chromium 15.25-16.00
Nickel 13.50-14.25
Silicon 2.50-2.75
Molybdenum 0.75-1.00
Manganese 0.60-0.70 Carbon 1.90-2.00
Tron Balance 2. A wear resistant valve member for an internal combustion engine formed of an alloy having the following composition:
FOREIGN PATENTS 545,377 8/57 Canada.
DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.
MARCUS U. LYONS, RAY K. WINDHAM, Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A WEAR RESISTANT VALVE MEMBER FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FORMED OF AN ALLOY HAVING THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION:
US106459A 1961-05-01 1961-05-01 Medium duty, wear resistant machine element Expired - Lifetime US3198631A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3370941A (en) * 1966-09-22 1968-02-27 Johnson Products Inc Tungsten-containing alloy cast iron useful for internal combustion engine parts
US3663215A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-05-16 Armco Steel Corp Wear-resistant stainless steel
US3859083A (en) * 1972-05-17 1975-01-07 Honda R & D Co Ltd Cast alloy for valve seat-insert
US4236920A (en) * 1978-05-02 1980-12-02 Uddeholms Aktiebolag Steel alloy
JPS6153413A (en) * 1984-08-18 1986-03-17 Toyota Motor Corp Engine valve
US8940110B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2015-01-27 L. E. Jones Company Corrosion and wear resistant iron based alloy useful for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts and method of making and use thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1745360A (en) * 1927-05-18 1930-02-04 Silva Franzie Antoinette De Direct production of steel or steel alloys from titaniferous ores and iron sands
CA545377A (en) * 1957-08-27 Payson Peter Age hardening austenitic steel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA545377A (en) * 1957-08-27 Payson Peter Age hardening austenitic steel
US1745360A (en) * 1927-05-18 1930-02-04 Silva Franzie Antoinette De Direct production of steel or steel alloys from titaniferous ores and iron sands

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3370941A (en) * 1966-09-22 1968-02-27 Johnson Products Inc Tungsten-containing alloy cast iron useful for internal combustion engine parts
US3663215A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-05-16 Armco Steel Corp Wear-resistant stainless steel
US3859083A (en) * 1972-05-17 1975-01-07 Honda R & D Co Ltd Cast alloy for valve seat-insert
US4236920A (en) * 1978-05-02 1980-12-02 Uddeholms Aktiebolag Steel alloy
JPS6153413A (en) * 1984-08-18 1986-03-17 Toyota Motor Corp Engine valve
JPH0549802B2 (en) * 1984-08-18 1993-07-27 Toyota Motor Co Ltd
US8940110B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2015-01-27 L. E. Jones Company Corrosion and wear resistant iron based alloy useful for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts and method of making and use thereof

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