US3659861A - Particulate coating for the rubbing seal of a gas turbine regenerator - Google Patents

Particulate coating for the rubbing seal of a gas turbine regenerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3659861A
US3659861A US52309A US3659861DA US3659861A US 3659861 A US3659861 A US 3659861A US 52309 A US52309 A US 52309A US 3659861D A US3659861D A US 3659861DA US 3659861 A US3659861 A US 3659861A
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United States
Prior art keywords
particles
regenerator
fluoride
shell
coating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US52309A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vemulapalli D Rao
Yeshwant P Telang
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Ford Motor Co
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Ford Motor Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Motor Co
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Publication of US3659861A publication Critical patent/US3659861A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/04—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
    • F28D19/047—Sealing means

Definitions

  • Rubbing seals having surface layers consisting essentially of uniform mixtures of a glazing material and a matrix material have excellent wear and friction properties when used with ceramics operating at high temperatures. Such surface layers are difficult to prepare, however, and inherently provide a constant amount of glazing material regardless of the wear rate.
  • a seal member of this invention has a high temperature wear coating for rubbing against a relatively moving ceramic member that consists essentially of a plurality of particles having a core of glazing material surrounded by a shell of a metal capable of oxidizing at the operating temperature of the wear coating.
  • the oxide of the metal shell does not abrade the ceramic member but instead wears off when the ceramic regenerator rubs against it to expose the glazing material. Greater amounts of glazing material are exposed in those portions of the seal member having higher wear rates until a balanced wear rate is achieved.
  • Useful core materials include calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten selenide.
  • Nickel, copper and cobalt are most useful as the shell materials, although any of the metals having oxides disclosed as useful matrix materials in the aforementioned patent application also can be used.
  • Coated particles can be made by any of a variety of techniques.
  • Plasma spraying equipment is used to spray the coated particles onto a metal substrate having reasonably compatible thermal expansion properties.
  • substrates are nickel-chromium stainless steels or other high temperature alloys such as lncoloy 600 or 750 sold by International Nickel Co. or l-Iastalloy X sold by Union Carbide Co.
  • Plasma spraying is carried out at a temperature where the metal shells weld themselves to the substrate and to each other to form a cohesive, integral surface layer made up of a substantially continuous matrix formed from the metal shells of the particles that contains a large number of evenly distributed particles of glazing material.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a disc type regenerator assembly for a gas turbine engine showing the relationship of the seal members to the regenerator.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view through one of the seal members.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the coating showing the final configuration of the particles.
  • the housing of a gas turbine engine contains a substantially circular regenerator portion 10.
  • a diametrical wall 12 separates a substantially circular passage in portion into two semi-circular gas flow passages 14 and 16. Hot exhaust gases flow upward through one of the passages and cooler air flows downward through the other passage in the conventional manner.
  • a cross arm seal 18 is positioned on top of wall 12 and is surrounded on opposite sides by C-shaped seals 20 and 22. Seals 18, 20 and 22 are held non-rotatably with respect to housing portion 12 by any conventional means (not shown).
  • a disc shaped ceramic regenerator 24 is positioned rotatably on top of seals 18, 20 and 22. Regenerator 24 is rotated relative to the seals by internal components of the engine.
  • a D-shaped seal 26 is located above regenerator 24 and a cap (not shown) fits on top of housing portion 10 to hold the components in place.
  • Each of the surfaces of seal members 18, 20, 22 and 26 that rub against regenerator 24 has a coating consisting essentially of a plurality of welded particles 28.
  • the sectional view of FIG. 2 illustrates the particulate coating on top of cross arm seal member 18.
  • Several layers of particles 28 can be applied to each seal member as desired. For best results each coating contains a minimum of the equivalent of at least two or three layers of particles.
  • each particle consists essentially of a core 30 surrounded by a metal shell 32.
  • Core 30 is a material capable of forming a glaze having a low coefficient of friction when rubbing against ceramic material at the anticipated operating temperature of the seal.
  • Cross arm seal 18 typically operates at a temperature of about l,400 F. and preferably uses particles having cores of calcium fluoride surrounded by nickel shells.
  • the C seal surrounding the passage carrying hot exhaust gases typically operates at about 800 F. and preferably uses particles having cores of lithium fluoride and sodium fluoride surrounded by shells of copper.
  • the other C seal operates typically at a slightly cooler temperature of about 700 F. Its preferred particles have cores of a similar composition.
  • D seal 26 operates at a relatively low temperature of about 600 F. and preferably uses particles having cores of molybdenum disulfide surrounded by shells of cobalt.
  • Each shell 32 is a metal capable of oxidizing at the operating temperature to an oxide that does not abrade the ceramic material of regenerator 24 but instead wears away under the rubbing action of the regenerator.
  • the particles are plasma sprayed onto the metal substrate of the seal in a manner such that the shells 32 melt or weld together and to the substrate to form a cohesive coating containing a plurality of dispersed cores 30.
  • the combined effects of temperature and the rubbing action of the regenerator oxidizes the metals of the shells and rubs the oxide away to expose the core materials.
  • the exposed core materials rapidly form a glaze having a low coefficient of friction.
  • the particles can be fabricated into the form of a separate sheet.
  • the sheet is fastened mechanically by riveting, for example, to a substrate. This technique reduces repair costs and provides some improvement in the thermal shock resistance of the assembly.
  • this invention provides an effective coating for the rubbing seals of a ceramic regenerator.
  • the coating exposes its cores of glazing material according to the demands of each individual portion of the seal. Because of the composite structure of the coating, it is highly resistant to salt attack brought on by the presence of road salt in the air and gas streams of the engine.
  • a high temperature wear coating for rubbing against a ceramic member having relative motion said wear coating consisting essentially of a plurality of particles having a core of lubricating material surrounded by a shell of a metal capable of oxidizing at the operating temperature of the wear coating, said shells of said particles being welded to each other to form an integral structure having dispersed therein a plurality of said cores, the oxide of said metal shell being non abradable to the ceramic member rubbing a against the coating.
  • a sliding seal for said regenerator comprising a metal substrate having a surface layer attached to one surface for rubbing against said ceramic regenerator, said surface layer comprising a plurality of particles, each of said particles having a core consisting of a glazing material surrounded by a shell of a metal oxidizable at the operating temperature of the coating, said shells being welded to each other to form an integral structure having dispersed therein a plurality of said cores.
  • cores of the particles 5 are calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, molybdenum disulfide or tungsten selenide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US52309A 1970-07-06 1970-07-06 Particulate coating for the rubbing seal of a gas turbine regenerator Expired - Lifetime US3659861A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5230970A 1970-07-06 1970-07-06

Publications (1)

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US3659861A true US3659861A (en) 1972-05-02

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US52309A Expired - Lifetime US3659861A (en) 1970-07-06 1970-07-06 Particulate coating for the rubbing seal of a gas turbine regenerator

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US (1) US3659861A (de)
DE (1) DE2131509C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1343930A (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2196434A1 (de) * 1972-08-15 1974-03-15 Nissan Motor
US3907311A (en) * 1974-04-15 1975-09-23 Ford Motor Co High temperature, low friction ceramic coating for gas turbine regenerator seals
US3917291A (en) * 1972-04-12 1975-11-04 British Leyland Truck & Bus Heat exchanger seals
US3920410A (en) * 1971-04-28 1975-11-18 Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd Cobalt coated composite powder
US3923667A (en) * 1974-10-29 1975-12-02 Corning Glass Works High temperature NiO rubbing seal material containing CuO and CaF{HD 2
US3930071A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-12-30 Ford Motor Co Process for coating the rubbing surfaces of the seal of the gas turbine regenerator
US4226429A (en) * 1977-12-15 1980-10-07 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Fluid seal for use in rotary regenerator
US5302450A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-04-12 Ford Motor Company Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system
US5332422A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-07-26 Ford Motor Company Solid lubricant and hardenable steel coating system
US5363821A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-11-15 Ford Motor Company Thermoset polymer/solid lubricant coating system
EP1411141A2 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-21 Fujimi Incorporated Thermisches Sprühpulver und dessen Herstellungsprozess sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Sprühung
US10400929B2 (en) 2017-09-27 2019-09-03 Quick Fitting, Inc. Fitting device, arrangement and method
US20190353249A1 (en) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 Dell Products L.P. Airflow sealing by flexible rubber with i-beam and honeycomb structure
CN112296627A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-02-02 苏州美特福自动化科技有限公司 一种轴承压盖设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6213820A (ja) * 1985-07-12 1987-01-22 Ngk Insulators Ltd セラミツク摺動部材
US4871266A (en) * 1987-06-24 1989-10-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Slide assemblies

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3407866A (en) * 1966-09-01 1968-10-29 Corning Glass Works Ceramic seals and bearing members
US3468699A (en) * 1966-10-14 1969-09-23 Giannini Scient Corp Method of providing malleable metal coatings on particles of lubricants

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3407866A (en) * 1966-09-01 1968-10-29 Corning Glass Works Ceramic seals and bearing members
US3468699A (en) * 1966-10-14 1969-09-23 Giannini Scient Corp Method of providing malleable metal coatings on particles of lubricants

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920410A (en) * 1971-04-28 1975-11-18 Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd Cobalt coated composite powder
US3917291A (en) * 1972-04-12 1975-11-04 British Leyland Truck & Bus Heat exchanger seals
FR2196434A1 (de) * 1972-08-15 1974-03-15 Nissan Motor
US3903959A (en) * 1972-08-15 1975-09-09 Nissan Motor Gas turbine engine heat regenerator
US3930071A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-12-30 Ford Motor Co Process for coating the rubbing surfaces of the seal of the gas turbine regenerator
US3907311A (en) * 1974-04-15 1975-09-23 Ford Motor Co High temperature, low friction ceramic coating for gas turbine regenerator seals
US3923667A (en) * 1974-10-29 1975-12-02 Corning Glass Works High temperature NiO rubbing seal material containing CuO and CaF{HD 2
US4226429A (en) * 1977-12-15 1980-10-07 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Fluid seal for use in rotary regenerator
US5358753A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-10-25 Ford Motor Company Method of making an anti-friction coating on metal by plasma spraying powder having a solid lubricant core and fusable metal shell
US5332422A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-07-26 Ford Motor Company Solid lubricant and hardenable steel coating system
US5302450A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-04-12 Ford Motor Company Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system
US5363821A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-11-15 Ford Motor Company Thermoset polymer/solid lubricant coating system
WO1995002023A1 (en) * 1993-07-06 1995-01-19 Ford Motor Company Limited Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system
US5482637A (en) * 1993-07-06 1996-01-09 Ford Motor Company Anti-friction coating composition containing solid lubricants
US20040202861A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-10-14 Tsuyoshi Itsukaichi Thermal spray powder and process for producing the same as well as method for spraying the same
EP1411141A2 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-21 Fujimi Incorporated Thermisches Sprühpulver und dessen Herstellungsprozess sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Sprühung
EP1411141A3 (de) * 2002-09-30 2005-08-31 Fujimi Incorporated Thermisches Sprühpulver und dessen Herstellungsprozess sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Sprühung
US20070166478A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-07-19 Tsuyoshi Itsukaichi Thermal spray powder and process for producing the same as well as method for spraying the same
US10400929B2 (en) 2017-09-27 2019-09-03 Quick Fitting, Inc. Fitting device, arrangement and method
US20190353249A1 (en) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 Dell Products L.P. Airflow sealing by flexible rubber with i-beam and honeycomb structure
US11149853B2 (en) * 2018-05-15 2021-10-19 Dell Products L.P. Airflow sealing by flexible rubber with I-beam and honeycomb structure
CN112296627A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-02-02 苏州美特福自动化科技有限公司 一种轴承压盖设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2131509A1 (de) 1972-01-20
DE2131509B2 (de) 1979-06-21
DE2131509C3 (de) 1980-02-21
GB1343930A (en) 1974-01-16

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