Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
  • C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Definitions

• ABSTRACT Lubricating compositions which contain significant amounts of chlorinated oils (e.g. paraffin oils which have been chlorinated to more than 40 percent chlorine) are improved for use as metal-working lubricants by the inclusion therein of additive amounts (e.g. 5 weight percent) of one or more ethoxylated fatty amines (e.g. a tertiary amine having one C C fatty alkyl group or radical and 2 polyoxyethylene groups or radicals attached to the amine nitrogen atom).
• chlorinated oils e.g. paraffin oils which have been chlorinated to more than 40 percent chlorine
• additive amounts e.g. 5 weight percent
• one or more ethoxylated fatty amines e.g. a tertiary amine having one C C fatty alkyl group or radical and 2 polyoxyethylene groups or radicals attached to the amine nitrogen atom.
• the improved lubricating compositions have a reduced tendency to corrode the metal being worked and are self-emulsifying, thereby permitting the improved lubricating compositions to be removed from the worked metal by aqueous or solvent methods (e.g. water washing).
• Lubricating compositions are used in large volumes in many metal working operations.
• the role of a metal working lubricant is to form a protective film on the metal being worked to thereby reduce metal to metal contact, reduce friction, and dissipate heat so that the metal part can be worked (e.g. deep drawn) more easily without metal rupture, wrinkling, scratching, heat distortion, and the like.
• the lubricant serves to protect the metal working tools (e.g. the die and punch).
• Liquid lubricating compositions function by coating the metal being worked with a thin film of oil to thereby separate the metal part from the metal working tools.
• the forces between the adjacent metal surfaces are great, (e. g. the forces between a metal part and a die) the success or failure of the lubricating composition is determined in part by the strength of the thin film of lubricant which separates the two metals.
• a metal working lubricant should also be non-corrosive to the metal parts (i.e. to the workpiece) and should be economically cleaned or removed from the metal part after completion of the metal working operation.
• Chlorinated oils have been used for many years as a major ingredient in liquid lubricating compositions intended for use in metal working operations, particularly because of their ef-' fectiveness under extreme pressure conditions.
• chlorinated oils, per se are not generally removed with case from metal parts after working, and vapor degreasing is often required.
• this cleaning or removal problem has been reduced by the inclusion of emulsifiers in such lubricating compositions.
• emulsifiers e.g. nonyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol
• corrosion of the metal part being worked is still a problem.
• someemulsifiers are so hygroscopic that they materially increase the amount of rusting that occurs. It is generally believed that this rust or corrosion occurs on carbon steels and other metals because of the partial decomposition, due to heat and pressure of the chlorinated oil to thereby release chlorine which reacts with moisture to form hydrochloric acid which then starts the corrosion or rusting process.
• the corrosion can be observed as rust on ferrous metals and as stains on other metals (e.g. as stains on certain copper alloys). In general, this rust must be removed before the worked metal part can be completed or finished.
• liquid lubricating compositions which contain one or more chlorinated oils can be improved for use in metal working operations, particularly deep drawing operations involving carbon steels, by the addition thereto of additive amounts of ethoxylated fatty amines.
• These improved lubricating compositions are less corrosive to the metal parts being worked than the unimproved lubricating compositions and they can be removed from the metal parts by aqueous methods.
• the improved lubricatingcompositions of this invention can be made by the simple mixing of a chlorinated oil with an ethoxylated fatty amine as hereinafter described.
• the resulting lubricating compositions may optionally include other lubricants (e.g. a mineral oil), diluents (e.g. petroleum solvents), and lubricant additives as known in the art (e.g. foam control agents, dyes, etc.).
• the ethoxylated fatty amines which can be used in the practice of the present invention include the following:
• R is a C -C fatty radical (e.g. C -C fatty radical). Suitable fatty radicals are those obtained from cocoanut fatty acids, soybean fatty acids, tallow fatty acids and the like.
• R is a divalent hydrocarbyl radical, usually containing from two to six carbon atoms (e.g. a trimethylene radical).
• X, Y, and Z are numbers, the sum of'which is 2-15 in formula I and 3-15 in formula II. Desirably, the sum of X and Y in formula I will be 2-10, inclusive and the sum of X, Y and Z in formula II will be 3-10, inclusive.
• Ethoxylated fatty amines of this type are commercially available (e.g. Ethomeens and Ethoduomeens, products of Armour and Company) and are known for their surface active properties.
• Such ethoxylated amines can be prepared by condensing the corresponding fatty amine or diamine (e.g. oleyl amine) with ethylene oxide.
• These ethoxylated fatty amines are cationic in nature, with those of formula II being more cationic in nature than those of formula I.
• the ethoxylated fatty amines of formula I are generally more oil soluble than those of formula II at the same ethylene oxide content.
• fatty chain length, the saturation of this fatty chain, and the length and position of the polyoxyethylene chains can be varied. These variations make it possible to tailor make ethoxylated fatty amines for specific applications. With this in mind, the following generalities can be made.
• Increasing the number of carbon atoms in the fatty radical tends to give a higher melting product and tends to increase the oil solubility and decrease the water solubility of the product.
• Increasing the degree of unsaturation in the fatty radical, at the same carbon content of the fatty chain tends to reduce the melting point of the product.
• Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide in the product i.e. lengthening the polyoxyethylene chains) tends to increase the water solubility and decrease the oil solubility of the product.
• Oil solubility of the ethoxylated fatty amines is important.
• proper diluents e.g. mineral spirits
• the higher adducts e.g. 15 mole adducts
• oil soluble adducts e.g. 2 mole adducts
• the ethoxylated fatty amines will be used in lubricating compositions in minor but effective amounts.
• the amount of ethoxylated fatty amine (or a mixture of such amines) will ordinarily be an additive amount of up to 15 weight percent, based on the total or final weight of the improved lubricating composition. More usually, such ethoxylated fatty amines will be used in amounts of from 1 to 12 weight percent (e.g. 3 to 9 weight percent) on the same basis.
• the present invention is applicable to any of the chlorinated oils commonly used in metal drawing operations. However, all chlorinated oils do not work with equal effectiveness. The best metal working properties seem to be associated with chlorinated oils with high chlorine contents (e.g. chlorine contents above 30 percent, above 40 percent, above 50 percent or even above 60 percent).
• Chlorinated oils are prepared by chlorinating paraffinic hydrocarbons including both the light oils (e.g. C paraffrnic oils) and the paraffin waxes. Such chlorinated oils are often light yellow to amber colored liquids. A typical average formula is C H CI
• the lubricating compositions of the present invention may contain as little as percent chlorinated oil (or some mixture thereof), based on the total weight of such lubricating composition. However, it is more common for such lubricating compositions to contain at least percent chlorinated oil, desirably at least 40 percent chlorinated oil, and preferably at least 50 percent chlorinated oil. If desired, a chlorinated oil or a mixture of chlorinated oils can represent more than 60 percent or 80 percent of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating compositions of this invention can consist of only the chlorinated oil (e.g. 99 percent Oil) and the ethoxylated fatty amines of this invention (e.g. 1 percent ethoxylated fatty amine).
• lubricating compositions can be one or more other lubricants (e.g. mineral seal oil) or diluents (e.g. a petroleum solvent).
• lubricants e.g. mineral seal oil
• diluents e.g. a petroleum solvent
• lubricating compositions of this invention In addition to the reduced tendency of the lubricating compositions of this invention to cause corrosion of the metal parts being worked, another advantage of these lubricating compositions is the fact that they can be removed from worked metal parts by aqueous methods (i.e. by washing with water, optionally assisted by the use of detergents or other cleaning aids such as alkaline cleaners). Of course, solvent cleaning methods can also be used (e.g. trichloroethylene), but such expensive cleaning methods are not required.
• EXAMPLES l-S Examples l-8 set forth in Table l which follows, illustrate the preparation of improved lubricating compositions according to this invention. Included are examples showing the simple practice of this invention (Example 1), the use of diluents and other lubricants (Examples 2 and 5-7), the use of mixtures of ethoxylated fatty amines (Examples 3-8), and the use of a mixture of two chlorinated oils of different chlorine contents (Example 8).
• chlorinated oils used in these examples are chlorinated paraffin oils (commercially available from Pearsall Corp.).
• the ethoxylated fatty amines hereinafter identified by the letters A, B, C and D were prepared by condensing ethylene oxide with the appropriate amine using the indicated number of moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amine.
• the ethoxylated fatty amine identified as A is a tertiary amine having one fatty radical (derived from cocoanut TABLE I.-IMPROVED LUBRICAIING COMPOSITIONS Example number Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 R Example number Ingredient l .3 3 l 5 Ii 7 6. Ethoxylated fatty fatty acid) and two polyoxyethylene radicals, all three radicals being attached to the nitrogen atom. This product is prepared by condensing 2 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of cocoa amine.
• the ethoxylated fatty amine identified as B in Table I is a tertiary amine having one fatty radical (derived from tallow fatty acids) and two polyoxyethylene radicals, all three radicals being attached to the nitrogen atom. This product is prepared by condensing 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of tallow amine.
• the ethoxylated fatty amine identified as C in Table I is a tertiary amine having one fatty radical (derived from soya fatty acids) and two polyoxyethylene radicals, all three radicals being attached to the nitrogen atom.
• This product is prepared by condensing 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of soya amine.
• the ethoxylated fatty amine identified as D in Table I is a diamine obtained by reacting N-tallow trimethylene diamine with 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of said diamine.
• Each of the lubricating compositions shown in Table II was a simple mixture of a chlorinated paraffin oil containing approximately 40 percent chlorine (Chemtron CPF-DX, a product of Pearsall Corp.) and the indicated amount of additive. For purposes of comparison, two control compositions were prepared. 7
• the first (control 1) was merely the chlorinated oil without any additives.
• the second (control 2) was the chlorinated oil with a known emulsifier added thereto (i.e. lgepal CO-53 which is nonyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol).
• lgepal CO-53 which is nonyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol.
• control l" lubricating composition was difficult to remove from the metal panels and could not be effectively removed by ordinary aqueous methods.
• the test panels which had been coated with control 2 lubricating composition were completely covered with a heavy layer of rust.
• EXAMPLE 25 This example illustrates the use of the improved lubricating compositions of the present invention in a deep drawing process.
• the lubricating composition of this example was a mixture of 95 percent of a chlorinated oil having approximately a 50 percent chlorine content (FLX-00l2, a product of Pearsall Corp.) and 5 percent of an ethoxylated amine which was a 50:50 mixture of two ethoxylated fatty (tallow) amines of Formula I as previously given.
• FLX-00l2 a product of Pearsall Corp.
• ethoxylated amine which was a 50:50 mixture of two ethoxylated fatty (tallow) amines of Formula I as previously given.
• One of the amines contained 2 moles of ethylene oxide and the other contained 5 moles of ethylene oxide.
• cylinders could be deep drawn and then stored for as long as three weeks in conditions of high summer heat and humidity without producing any visually observable rust. At the end of that time (i.e. about three weeks), the lubricating composition was readily removed from the cylinders by aqueous methods.
• a lubricating composition consisting essentially of 95 percent of an equivalent chlorinated parafi'm oil containing approximately 50 percent chlorine, and 5 percent of a commercially available surfactant [Nonyl phenoxy poly (ethoxy) ethanol]
• the deep drawn cylinders began to rust within l-2 days after drawing.
• the cylinders required extensive cleaning (e.g. as by wire brushing) to remove the rust after the cylinders had been stored for three weeks.
• R is a C -C fatty radical, wherein R is a divalent C C hydrocarbyl radical, and wherein x, y and z of both formulas are numbers the sum of which is 2-15 in formula I and 3-15 in formula II;
• the balance to percent being selected from the group consisting of'lubricants, diluents, and lubricant additives.
• ethoxylated cocoa amine prepared by condensing 2 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of cocoa amine; and 2. ethoxylated tallow amine prepared by condensing 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of tallow amine.
• ethoxylated cocoa amine prepared by condensing 2 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of cocoa amine; and 2. ethoxylated tallow amine prepared by condensing 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of tallow amine.
• Liquid lubricating compositions having a reduced tendency to corrode metal when used in metal working operations, said compositions consisting essentially of:
• R is a C -C fatty radical, wherein R is a divalent C -C hydrocarbyl radical, and wherein x, y and z of both formulas are numbers the sum of which is 2-15 in formula 1 and 3-15 in formula ii; and
• ethoxylated tallow ainine prepared by condensing hibitors. moles of ethylene oxide per mole of tallow amine. 7.
• the lubricating compositions of claim 6 which comprise: 9. Lubricating compositions of claim 7 which consist essena. at least 50 weight percent of a chlorinated oil or mixture tially of;
• Lubricating compositions of claim 7 which consist essentially of: 10

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25234924

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (17)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1969
  • 1969-05-05 US US822030A patent/US3657129A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-03-09 BR BR217310/70A patent/BR7017310D0/pt unknown
  • 1970-03-25 SE SE04204/70A patent/SE358181B/xx unknown
  • 1970-03-26 DE DE2014658A patent/DE2014658C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1970-04-20 GB GB08657/70A patent/GB1287163A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-04-23 FR FR7014907A patent/FR2042398B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-04-23 BE BE749396D patent/BE749396A/xx unknown
  • 1970-05-01 JP JP45036905A patent/JPS491925B1/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents