US3656690A - Railbed - Google Patents

Railbed Download PDF

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Publication number
US3656690A
US3656690A US21953A US3656690DA US3656690A US 3656690 A US3656690 A US 3656690A US 21953 A US21953 A US 21953A US 3656690D A US3656690D A US 3656690DA US 3656690 A US3656690 A US 3656690A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
slabs
railbed
ridges
ballast
mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US21953A
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English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Hanig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ILSEDER HUTTE
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3656690A publication Critical patent/US3656690A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/008—Drainage of track
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
    • E01B29/005—Making of concrete parts of the track in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/001—Track with ballast
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/01—Elastic layers other than rail-pads, e.g. sleeper-shoes, bituconcrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/03—Injecting, mixing or spraying additives into or onto ballast or underground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/09—Ballastless systems

Definitions

  • a railbed for high-speed railways in which aplurality of elongated concrete slabs are longitudinally prestressed in groups with-cast synthetic-resin sealing-strips between the adjoining ends of the concrete slabs.
  • the slabs are laid over'a hollow bed and are cushioned below with a hard-foam synthetic resin including expanded mineral filters, the foamable synthetic resin being injected through perforated ducts.
  • the downward force [56] REM-em Cited is supported by a pair of longitudinally extending sills flanking UNITED STATES P S the hollow and carrying the concrete-slab platform via sealing strips.
  • the sills may be formed in situ by grouting mounds of 2,875,953 3/1959 Weber et a1.
  • FIG.3A SIE'GFRIED *HKNIG xarlgiqn ATTORNEY PATENTEDAPR 18 m2
  • the present invention relates to a railbed or track assembly.
  • a railbed for a railroad train usually consists of an elongated mount of ballast on which is laid a multiplicity of substantially,
  • parallel ties extending transversely to the mount; one or more pairs of parallel rails. can be attached to these ties-and extending longitudinally along the mount or ridge of ballast. The train rides these rails.
  • Another object is to provide such a railbed which can be used by trains at speeds of upwards of 200 km/hourand which requires verylittle maintenance.
  • a railbed comprising a trough formed by two ridges flanking an elongated hollow region, with a plurality of track-carrying members covering the region and bridging the ridges.
  • the space (hollow) beneath the members and between the ridges is completely filled with a mass of cushioning and insulating material consisting at least partially of a settable synthetic resin, preferably a hardenable cellular or foam of the closed-pore type.
  • the ridges consist of hydraulic-cement-grouted piles of ballast, and the hollow region is covered with a fluid-tight layer such as bitumen-impregnated paper or polyethylene film, so that the syntheticresin mass cannot penetrate too far into the ballast.
  • the settable synthetic resin is injected into an effectively closed bag which is laid in the hollow region beneath the track-carrying members, while expanded slag is used as an aggregate with the synthetic-resin foam as binder.
  • the method of the invention makes use of prefabricated, superficially crowned, stressable concrete slabs of generally rectangular configuration which are disposed substantially in end-to-end contiguity to form a more or less continuous platform for the track, any gaps between the slabs being filled with a weather resistant hardenable synthetic-resin sealant which is cast in place.
  • the longitudinally interconnected reinforcement rods of the connected group of slabs are stressed against the ends of the group by conventional prestressing means to apply longitudinal compression loading. of a magnitude sufiicient to overcome the tensional stress applied by the train.
  • This substantially continuous, fluid-impermeable unit is provided, according to a most important feature of the invention, over a continuous ribbon of nonweathering hard cellular synthetic resin of a width equal at least to a major part of the widthof the slabs and possibly over this entire width; the continuous fluid-impermeable ribbon is expanded in place to an expanded volume in excess of the space within which it is confined, thereby applying upward force to cushion the continuous concrete platform.
  • the cushion may contain a large prothe compressive strength of this layer as well as its resilience and resistance to vibration fatigue.
  • this cushion or ribbon is received between a pair of load-supporting ridges extending continuously over the length of the right-of-way and sealingly engaging the lateral edges of the multislab concrete rail platform, the ridges and slabs having mutually confronting parallel planar horizontal surfaces to facilitate sealing of the space between the ridges.
  • a continuous yieldable but weather-resistant strip of a sealant of high compressive strength is received between thepairs of surfaces along these lateral edges.
  • FlGpl is a cross section of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2' is a similar section ofa an embodiment or this invention
  • FIG. 3A is a side view of a detail of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 3B is a top view of the detail shown in FIG.3A;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of a fourth embodiment 'of the 2 present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of the first embodiment of the invention in greatly reduced scale.
  • FIGS. 1 and 5 applies the present invention to. the conversion of an existing old-style railbed to one according to this invention.
  • the old ties and rails are removed,'then the existing ballast l is cleaned and put back in place in the form of a shallow trough of a depth D of at most 30 cm.
  • Edge portions 2 are grouted with a quick-setting hydraulic (Portland) cement mixture, and a very accurate sill 3 of the same quick-setting mixture is fonned on the top of each edge ridge 2 with particular care being taken to maintain these sills 4 parallel andwith regular flat upper surfaces.
  • Atop each sill 3 is placed a strip 4 of a sealing material having a high compressive strength and resilience, such as Heraklite. Excellent results have been obtained with sealing strips laminated from paper and phenol-formaldehyde resins or with woodfiber compositions saturated with such resins.
  • tar paper i.e. bitumen-impregnated paper
  • This paper 6 for which an impermeable foil may be substituted covers the entire hollow region, and can even extend up over the sills 3 and under the strips 4 to completely seal the region 5.
  • Extending through one .of the ridges 2 is a plurality of pipes 7 which may span across the hollow region 5 and are formed with laterally opening holes 8.
  • a settable synthetic-resin hard foam 9 (e.g.
  • a stiff polyurethane or cellular and preferably expandable epoxy or polyester is injected into the hollow region 5 under a concrete plate 10 laid over the two strips 4 to completely fill the empty space between the watertight covering 6 and the plate 10.
  • the foamable material 9 is solvent thinned.
  • This plate 10 is made of prestressed concrete and has on its upper surface two downwardly sloping flanks 10a and a pair of grooves 10b on its lower surface near the longitudinal edges. These grooves 101 prevent water from running back under the plate 10, while the flanks 10a prevent rainwater or the like from accumulating on the upper surface.
  • Rails 12 are fixed to the top of the plates 10 with conventional rail clips.
  • FIGS. 2, 3A, and 3B show an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 1, except that the aggregate 11 is contained in a synthetic-resin bag 13 fitted with the pipes 7, which, asshown in H6. 38, extend out on both sides.
  • the liquid foam binder is injected in through the pipes 7, whence it moves out from the pipes in all directions and completely fills the bag 13, forcing it against. the plates 10 and against the ballast 1.
  • This bag can be rolled out in the trough fonned in the ballast.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a railbed which is, unlike the embodiments of FIGS. 1 3B, intended for a very hard surface needing no ballast.
  • the trough is formed with two sills or ridges made of small sill plates 14 (designed to allow the concrete slabs tobe sealed cleanly) which are carefully laid and spaced in continuous parallel rows to each side of theexg 4 cavated trough 5.
  • the l3'full of aggregate 11 is placed and "filled as above for FIGS. '2, 3A, and 3B. Thereafter, large concrete blocks with reinforcing rods 21 are placed to each side of the roadbed to prevent erosion.
  • Arailbed comprising; a pair of substantially parallel grouted-ballast ridges flank.- ing a hollow region and forming therewith a trough, said ridges having flat upper surfaces; 'a plurality of elongated and substantially longitudinally contiguous concrete slabs bridging said ridges and covering said regions;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US21953A 1969-03-22 1970-03-23 Railbed Expired - Lifetime US3656690A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1914712A DE1914712C3 (de) 1969-03-22 1969-03-22 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Eisen bahngleises

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3656690A true US3656690A (en) 1972-04-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US21953A Expired - Lifetime US3656690A (en) 1969-03-22 1970-03-23 Railbed

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3656690A (enExample)
BE (1) BE747648A (enExample)
DE (1) DE1914712C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2039789A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1296759A (enExample)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756507A (en) * 1970-08-06 1973-09-04 Salzgitter Peine Stahlwerke Railroad track bed
US3813040A (en) * 1972-07-05 1974-05-28 Dow Chemical Co Plastic railway crosstie
US3841554A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-10-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Stabilized railway bed and method of construction
US3869988A (en) * 1973-05-26 1975-03-11 Basf Ag Consolidating ballast
US3878987A (en) * 1972-02-10 1975-04-22 Japan National Railway Railway track structure
US3907200A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-09-23 Regie Autonome Transports Track and method of laying track on a concrete road bed
US3939774A (en) * 1974-01-17 1976-02-24 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Apparatus for bonding together pieces of track ballast
US3942448A (en) * 1973-05-26 1976-03-09 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for consolidating ballast
US4156440A (en) * 1976-07-23 1979-05-29 Japanese National Railways Railroad track bed using injection materials and method therefor
US4303199A (en) * 1978-08-22 1981-12-01 Eisses Jacobus A Restored vibration isolation for railway tracks
US4406403A (en) * 1979-01-23 1983-09-27 True Temper Corporation Method of providing a containment reservoir
EP0142468A1 (fr) * 1983-10-14 1985-05-22 Irete S.A. Procédé pour obturer des fissures affectant des ouvrages de maçonnerie
WO1989001543A1 (fr) * 1987-08-11 1989-02-23 Irete S.A. Procede pour proteger des eaux de ruissellement certains ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en beton
US4925342A (en) * 1989-04-10 1990-05-15 Site Masters, Inc. Water management system
US5163614A (en) * 1988-06-03 1992-11-17 Beton-Es Vasbetonipari Muvek Railway roadbeds with rail slabs, and method for preparing
ES2130922A1 (es) * 1996-03-15 1999-07-01 Postelectrica Fabricacion S A Procedimiento para colocacion de una placa ferroviaria prefabricada, y utiles que intervienen en la ejecucion de dicho procedimiento.
WO2004059084A1 (de) * 2002-12-27 2004-07-15 Max Bögl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum herstellen einer festen fahrbahn und fahrweg
US20080173724A1 (en) * 2007-01-18 2008-07-24 Msb-Management Gmbh Partly foamed railroad track support arrangement
US20090152368A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2009-06-18 Msb-Management Gmbh Method for producing a track superstructure which underwent partial foaming
US20100193596A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2010-08-05 Central Japan Railway Company Ballast retaining structure, bedded track
EP2287414A1 (de) * 2009-07-16 2011-02-23 Zingelmann, Jochen Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Verformungsenergie
CN101245580B (zh) * 2007-12-28 2011-03-16 中铁二局股份有限公司 轨道板沥青砂浆灌注方法
US20130140373A1 (en) * 2010-04-21 2013-06-06 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Polyurethane ballast layer, the method for preparing the same and the use thereof
US20130264394A1 (en) * 2010-12-17 2013-10-10 Railway Engineering Research Institute Of China Academy Of Railway Science Pre-stressed concrete track slab of slab-type ballast-less track
WO2014201523A1 (en) * 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 Aurizon Operations Limited Improvements in railway tracks
CN107476149A (zh) * 2017-08-02 2017-12-15 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种非开挖式无砟轨道砂浆层离缝封缝处理方法
EP3385446A1 (en) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-10 Holcim Technology Ltd. Track bed and method of stabilizing a track bed
US10669391B2 (en) * 2014-10-31 2020-06-02 Recticel Compressible sealing element and use thereof for filling the gap between a stock rail and a switch rail in a railway switch
US11001978B2 (en) * 2017-07-28 2021-05-11 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Concrete structure
WO2022008799A1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2022-01-13 Betolar Oy Foundation, apparatus and method for producing the same

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3363187D1 (en) * 1982-10-06 1986-05-28 Akzo Nv Railway track structure, and a method of building such structure
DE4319470C1 (de) * 1993-06-11 1994-08-11 Zueblin Ag Verfahren zum Ausgleich von Setzungen unter einer endlos verlegten festen Fahrbahn
RU2186170C1 (ru) * 2000-12-05 2002-07-27 Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения Фильтрующая насыпь на слабых грунтах
US6672515B2 (en) * 2001-09-18 2004-01-06 Konkan Railwary Corporation Ltd. Self stabilizing track system
RU2373329C1 (ru) * 2008-07-14 2009-11-20 Василий Петрович Ягин Водопропускное сооружение под насыпью
RU2375519C1 (ru) * 2008-07-14 2009-12-10 Василий Петрович Ягин Водопропускное сооружение под насыпью в условиях многолетнемерзлых грунтов на периодически действующем водотоке
IT201900003219A1 (it) * 2019-03-06 2020-09-06 Wegh Group S P A Sistema di sostegno di un tratto di binario

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US676128A (en) * 1900-07-25 1901-06-11 William Goldie Method of surfacing railroad-tracks.
US676129A (en) * 1900-07-25 1901-06-11 William Goldie Apparatus for surfacing railroad-tracks.
US2669942A (en) * 1949-12-12 1954-02-23 Scheuchzer Auguste Pneumatic ballast tamper
US2875953A (en) * 1954-09-21 1959-03-03 Weber Carl Railway track construction
US3038393A (en) * 1954-05-05 1962-06-12 Reliance Steel Prod Co Pavement and method of making the same
US3112681A (en) * 1959-08-03 1963-12-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Paving with polymer-bonded aggregates
US3250188A (en) * 1963-03-04 1966-05-10 Dow Chemical Co Pavement construction
US3432098A (en) * 1966-02-16 1969-03-11 Japan National Railway Method of filling gaps in permanent rail beds
US3550850A (en) * 1968-10-03 1970-12-29 Sonneville Roger P Device for fixing a composite sleeper on a railway track support without ballast
US3565336A (en) * 1967-09-13 1971-02-23 James Walker & Co Nederland Nv Railway track support structure

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US676128A (en) * 1900-07-25 1901-06-11 William Goldie Method of surfacing railroad-tracks.
US676129A (en) * 1900-07-25 1901-06-11 William Goldie Apparatus for surfacing railroad-tracks.
US2669942A (en) * 1949-12-12 1954-02-23 Scheuchzer Auguste Pneumatic ballast tamper
US3038393A (en) * 1954-05-05 1962-06-12 Reliance Steel Prod Co Pavement and method of making the same
US2875953A (en) * 1954-09-21 1959-03-03 Weber Carl Railway track construction
US3112681A (en) * 1959-08-03 1963-12-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Paving with polymer-bonded aggregates
US3250188A (en) * 1963-03-04 1966-05-10 Dow Chemical Co Pavement construction
US3432098A (en) * 1966-02-16 1969-03-11 Japan National Railway Method of filling gaps in permanent rail beds
US3565336A (en) * 1967-09-13 1971-02-23 James Walker & Co Nederland Nv Railway track support structure
US3550850A (en) * 1968-10-03 1970-12-29 Sonneville Roger P Device for fixing a composite sleeper on a railway track support without ballast

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756507A (en) * 1970-08-06 1973-09-04 Salzgitter Peine Stahlwerke Railroad track bed
US3878987A (en) * 1972-02-10 1975-04-22 Japan National Railway Railway track structure
US3841554A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-10-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Stabilized railway bed and method of construction
US3813040A (en) * 1972-07-05 1974-05-28 Dow Chemical Co Plastic railway crosstie
US3907200A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-09-23 Regie Autonome Transports Track and method of laying track on a concrete road bed
US3869988A (en) * 1973-05-26 1975-03-11 Basf Ag Consolidating ballast
US3942448A (en) * 1973-05-26 1976-03-09 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for consolidating ballast
US3939774A (en) * 1974-01-17 1976-02-24 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Apparatus for bonding together pieces of track ballast
US4156440A (en) * 1976-07-23 1979-05-29 Japanese National Railways Railroad track bed using injection materials and method therefor
US4303199A (en) * 1978-08-22 1981-12-01 Eisses Jacobus A Restored vibration isolation for railway tracks
US4406403A (en) * 1979-01-23 1983-09-27 True Temper Corporation Method of providing a containment reservoir
EP0142468A1 (fr) * 1983-10-14 1985-05-22 Irete S.A. Procédé pour obturer des fissures affectant des ouvrages de maçonnerie
WO1989001543A1 (fr) * 1987-08-11 1989-02-23 Irete S.A. Procede pour proteger des eaux de ruissellement certains ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en beton
US5163614A (en) * 1988-06-03 1992-11-17 Beton-Es Vasbetonipari Muvek Railway roadbeds with rail slabs, and method for preparing
US4925342A (en) * 1989-04-10 1990-05-15 Site Masters, Inc. Water management system
ES2130922A1 (es) * 1996-03-15 1999-07-01 Postelectrica Fabricacion S A Procedimiento para colocacion de una placa ferroviaria prefabricada, y utiles que intervienen en la ejecucion de dicho procedimiento.
WO2004059084A1 (de) * 2002-12-27 2004-07-15 Max Bögl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum herstellen einer festen fahrbahn und fahrweg
CN1732315B (zh) * 2002-12-27 2010-05-12 马克斯·博革建筑两合公司 建造坚固路面的方法和坚固路面车行道
US20090152368A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2009-06-18 Msb-Management Gmbh Method for producing a track superstructure which underwent partial foaming
US20080173724A1 (en) * 2007-01-18 2008-07-24 Msb-Management Gmbh Partly foamed railroad track support arrangement
US7896255B2 (en) 2007-01-18 2011-03-01 Msb-Management Gmbh Partly foamed railroad track support arrangement
US20100193596A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2010-08-05 Central Japan Railway Company Ballast retaining structure, bedded track
US8240580B2 (en) * 2007-04-27 2012-08-14 Central Japan Railroad Company Ballast retaining structure, bedded track
CN101245580B (zh) * 2007-12-28 2011-03-16 中铁二局股份有限公司 轨道板沥青砂浆灌注方法
EP2287414A1 (de) * 2009-07-16 2011-02-23 Zingelmann, Jochen Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Verformungsenergie
US8876014B2 (en) * 2010-04-21 2014-11-04 Bayer Materialscience Ag Polyurethane ballast layer, the method for preparing the same and the use thereof
US20130140373A1 (en) * 2010-04-21 2013-06-06 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Polyurethane ballast layer, the method for preparing the same and the use thereof
US20130264394A1 (en) * 2010-12-17 2013-10-10 Railway Engineering Research Institute Of China Academy Of Railway Science Pre-stressed concrete track slab of slab-type ballast-less track
US9222225B2 (en) * 2010-12-17 2015-12-29 Railway Engineering Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences Pre-stressed concrete track slab of slab-type ballast-less track
WO2014201523A1 (en) * 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 Aurizon Operations Limited Improvements in railway tracks
US10669391B2 (en) * 2014-10-31 2020-06-02 Recticel Compressible sealing element and use thereof for filling the gap between a stock rail and a switch rail in a railway switch
EP3385446A1 (en) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-10 Holcim Technology Ltd. Track bed and method of stabilizing a track bed
WO2018185702A1 (en) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Holcim Technology Ltd Track bed and method of stabilizing a track bed
US11001978B2 (en) * 2017-07-28 2021-05-11 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Concrete structure
CN107476149A (zh) * 2017-08-02 2017-12-15 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种非开挖式无砟轨道砂浆层离缝封缝处理方法
CN107476149B (zh) * 2017-08-02 2019-06-04 中铁四院集团岩土工程有限责任公司 一种非开挖式无砟轨道砂浆层离缝封缝处理方法
WO2022008799A1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2022-01-13 Betolar Oy Foundation, apparatus and method for producing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE747648A (fr) 1970-08-31
DE1914712A1 (de) 1970-10-15
FR2039789A5 (enExample) 1971-01-15
DE1914712B2 (de) 1973-03-08
DE1914712C3 (de) 1973-09-27
GB1296759A (enExample) 1972-11-15

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