US3654845A - Photographic shutter with electro-magnetic drive means - Google Patents
Photographic shutter with electro-magnetic drive means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3654845A US3654845A US22351A US3654845DA US3654845A US 3654845 A US3654845 A US 3654845A US 22351 A US22351 A US 22351A US 3654845D A US3654845D A US 3654845DA US 3654845 A US3654845 A US 3654845A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shutter
- coil
- driving ring
- housing
- optical axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/58—Means for varying duration of "open" period of shutter
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A photographic shutter having a shutter blade drive ring provided with magnetic coils disposed in the magnetic field of a magnet which is fixed in the housing. When the coils are energized, they react with the magnetic field of the magnet to cause the drive ring to turn, to open and close the shutter blades. An electronic circuit provides the pulses which energize the coils to operate the shutter.
- the invention relates to photographic shutters such as are used on various types of photographic apparatus, especially on cameras.
- Such shutters are generally in the form of an annular housing with a central aperture for admitting light into the camera, and there are usually several shutter blades pivoted in the annular housing to swing from overlapping closed positions preventing passage of light through the central exposure aperture, to open positions permitting passage of light.
- the respective blades are usually pivotally connected to a blade driving ring (sometimes called merely a blade ring) which rotates concentrically with the optical axis (that is, concentrically with the center of the exposure aperture) so that rotation of the ring in one direction will move the various shutter blades to their respective open positions, and rotation of the ring in the opposite direction will swing the blades to their closed positions, terminating the exposure.
- a blade driving ring sometimes called merely a blade ring
- the novelty of the present invention is in the manner in which the blade ring is driven to cause the opening and closing movements of the blades.
- a permanent magnet is mounted in stationary position in the shutter housing, and a magnetic coil is attached to the blade driving ring to move therewith.
- the magnetic coil is within the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. When current flows through the magnetic coil, this produces a force tending to cause the coil to move relative to the stationary magnet, and since the coil is mounted on the blade driving ring, this causes a rotation of the blade driving ring, to open or close the shutter blades, as the case may be.
- An object of the invention is the provision of a generally improved and more satisfactory photographic shutter, and particularly one in which the movement of the shutter blades is caused by flow of current through a coil in the field of a permanent magnet.
- Another object is the provision of such an arrangement so devised as to give optimun utilization of the magnetic field for a given size of magnet, to insure a high degree of effectiveness of the electromagnetic orelectrodynamic driving means.
- Still another object is the provision of such a construction in which the coil is so arranged with relation to the magnet, that the coil elements or components which are actively concerned with the movement of the coil are always disposed within the magnetic field of the magnet, while other elements or components of the coil, used only to complete the circuit, are
- a further object is the provision of an electromagnetically driven shutter, so designed that it'issimple in construction, easy and inexpensive to manufacture, sturdy in use, and not likely to get out of order.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross section through a shutter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the section being taken approximately on the line 1-1 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 2 is a plan or face view of the shutter, with the cover plate and certain other parts removed in order to show parts beneath, and with some parts shown schematically;
- FIG. 3 is a cross section, on an enlarged scale, of a magnetic coil constituting part of the structure, the section being taken approximately on the line 33 of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 4 is a plan of the same coil shown partially in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is an axial section through a fragment of the shutter, illustrating particularly certain electrical connections
- FIG. 6 is a transverse section substantially on the line 6-6 of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a wiring diagram of the electric circuit arrangement for controlling the current flowing in the magnetic coils
- FIG. 9 is an edge view of the magnetic coils used in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the first embodiment of the shutter structure comprises the usual cylindrical or annular shutter housing or casing 10, having a central aperture as shown, the optical axis extending through the center of this aperture in the conventional manner.
- an annular base plate or mounting plate 12 suitably fastened therein as by screws.
- a flat space is provided between the parts 10 and 12 to accommodate the shutter blades 14, of any desired number, five blades being here illustrated.
- Each blade 14 is rotatably mounted by a pin 14a in the housing, and has a slot engaged by a driving pin 16a on the blade driving ring 16, which is made of non-magnetic material and preferably of synthetic plastic material.
- This ring is mounted for rotation about the optical axis as a center, and rotates on a suitable bearing surface on the plate 12. It is held against axial movement away from the plate 12 by a spring ring or clip 18 seated in a circumferential slot in the forwardly extending lens tube which fonns part of the member 12.
- the shutter housing is provided with a front plate 20.
- An annular permanent magnet 24 is secured, by cement or otherwise, to the inner face or side of the front plate 20
- a return flow ring 22 is interposed between the magnet 24 and the plate 20, as illustrated, This ring 22 serves to complete the magnetic circuit and provides for return flow of the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 24.
- This permanent magnet 24 is preferably made of a plurality of equal-sized magnet segments. In the preferred form, there are eight such segments, each of arcuate form, the ends of the segments abutting tightly against, each other in a circumferential direction, with no space between them. Alternate segments are of alternate polarity, four segments 24n being magnetized completely as north poles, interspersed with four segments 24s magnetized completely as south poles. The eight segments together thus constitute a complete ring which is continuous in a circumferential direction and which has alternating north pole and south pole portions.
- the housing portions 10, 12, and 20 are made of non-magnetic material, preferably aluminum, while the magnetic circuit return flow plate 222 above mentioned, and also a further magnetic circuit return flow plate 23 set in a'groove in the mounting plate 12, are of ferrous material.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 Associated with the permanent magnets are magnetic coils 26 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and illustrated on a larger scale in FIGS. 3 and 4. There are four of these coils 26, each occupying somewhat more than a quarter of the complete circle, with gaps of somewhat less than a quarter of the complete circle between the ends of adjacent coils, as will be seen especially from FIG. 2. These coils are secured to the previously mentioned blade driving ring 16, and move therewith as a unit when the ring turns in one direction or the other.
- Each coil is made of a great number of fine conductor wires, illustrated schematically.
- the conductor wires extend in a direction radially with respect to the optical axis of the shutter, or in other words perpendicular to a line which is tangent to the blade driving wire in the flat coil portion 26a to a corresponding individual wire in the flat coil portion 26b.
- the various conductors in these portions 26a, 26b, 26c, and 26d form one continuous conducting circuit, the ends of the winding being shown schematically at 26e and 26f.
- each portion 26c and 26d must contain enough wires or conductors to connect each individual crosswise or radial conductor in the portion 26a to a corresponding crosswise or radial conductor in the portion 26b. But a constantly decreasing number of conductors is necessary, in the portions 260 and 26d, as one approaches the ends of the coil.
- Each coil 26 is wound in an appropriate shape. It is then heated in an oven until the thermoplastic sheath or insulating covering on each turn of the wire is softened enough to become bonded to the next adjacent sheath or sheaths, whereby the overall shape of the formed coil will be retained when the coil is cooled to room temperature, the thermoplastic insulation becoming hard or firm.
- the connecting portions or coupling portions 260 and 26d of each winding constitute upstanding lateral ribs, and they are curved (when viewed in plan as in FIG. 4) appropriately to the shape of the shutter, to lie on either side of the permanent magnet 24 (as seen in FIG. 1) close to but not actually making contact with the permanent magnet.
- the four individual coils 26, after being pre-formed to the desired shape as above mentioned, are conductively coupled to each other, in series, and are then placed in an injection mold so shaped that when the synthetic plastic material is forced into the cavity of the mold, the plastic material will form the blade driving ring 16 against the lower face of the flat coil portions 26a and 26b of the respective coil windings 26. Also, the injection mold cavity is so formed that a thin coating 16s of the plastic material will be deposed over the remaining parts of the coil, to increase the rigidity of the latter and to guard the fine conductor wires of the coil against damage.
- the blade driving ring 16 and the coils 26 Upon completion of the injection molding operation, the blade driving ring 16 and the coils 26 have the form illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- connection of the coils 26 to a source of current and to a control circuit is illustrated in FIGS. and 6.
- the coils are all connected in series with each other, and the terminal conductors are connected to axial contact pins 28a and 28b, respectively, firmly set in and moving with the blade driving ring 16.
- One end of each of these contact pins carries a radially yielding contact spring 30a and 30b, respectively, which in turn is conductively connected to a screw 32a and 32b, respectively, which joins the connection nipple 34a and 34b, respectively, mounted on and suitably insulated from the base plate or mounting plate 12.
- the conductors 30a and 30b are flexible in a direction circumferentially of the shutter, and also have a sufficient degree of flexibility in a direction radially of the shutter, on account of the outer ends of these conductors having loops where they are connected to the screws 32a and 32b, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the blade driving ring 16 together with the contact pins 28a and 28b thereon can perform its turning motion without impairing the electrical connections and can easily move through the necessary circumferential distance from one extreme position to the other, as indicated schematically in broken lines in FIG. 6.
- the coils 26 are electrically connected through the above mentioned nipples 34a and 34b with a control circuit illustrated in FIG. 7, which circuit may be installed in a special switch box which may be either close to the shutter, or at some distance therefrom, if remote control of the shutter is desired.
- a current source such for example as a battery 36, may be provided in the switch box, and can be connected at will to the electronic shutter arrangement through a switch 37.
- a control impulse generator is shown at 38. This produces electrical pulses of rectangular form. The duration or length of these rectangular control pulses (diagrammatically illustrated at 38a )can be modified at will by a variable resistance 40.
- the hand setting member of the resistance 40 is schematically shown at 40a, and can be adjusted manually to set the mechanism to the exposure period value or shutter speed which is required at any particular time, using a fixed exposure time or shutter speed scale, and a marker or pointer connected to the setting member 40a.
- the rising flank 380 of the control pulse 38a is converted by a reversing amplifier 420 and a differentiating member 440 into a negative needle pulse which is diagrammatically depicted at 460 in FIG. 7.
- This needle pulse 460 is converted into a rectangular pulse of, for example, 5 microseconds duration or length, by a pulse former 480.
- This pulse is diagrammatically indicated at 500 and is conducted by the end amplifier 52 in equiphase condition to the magnetic coil 26.
- the descending flank 38s of the control pulse 38a will produce a needle pulse 46s through a non-reversing amplifier 42s and a differentiatingmember 44s.
- This pulse is converted by the pulse former 48s into a rectangular pulse 50s and passed through the end amplifier 52 in antiphase condition to the magnetic coil 26.
- the shutter operates as follows: When the shutter is in the rest position, the coils 26 occupy the position relative to the various segments of the magnet 24 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the component 26a of each coil 26 is located beneath a south pole portion 24s of the magnet, and each coil component 26b is located beneath a north pole segment 24n of the magnet.
- the release trip or trigger on the switch box is operated to close the switch contact 37, the pulse 500 invoked by the rising flank 380 is conducted to the magnet coil 26 and produces a temporary excitation thereof.
- This first pulse of current through the coils 26 is indicated schematically by the arrow in FIG. 2.
- the coils 26, together with the blade driving ring 16 on which they are mounted, are moved in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 24 in the direction indicated by the arrow 101, through a predetermined angular distance the length of which approximately corresponds to the length of the arrow 101, and the blades 14 are thereby opened.
- the pulse 50s produced by the descending flank 38s comes into effect.
- the end amplifier 52 then produces a pole current reversal, so that the current then runs through the coils 26 in the reverse direction.
- the coils 26 and the blade driving ring 16 are then moved reversely, in the direction of the arrow 102 in FIG. 2, to close the blades 14. This completes the exposure operation.
- the active components or portions 26a and 26b of the coils 26 are always disposed in the field of force of the magnetic poles 24n or 24s respectively, both in the rest position and in the open position of the driving ring.
- the non-active coil components or parts 260 and 26d which are only used for completing the connections between the active portions or components 26a and 26b, are outside of the magnetic field. This therefore represents optimum use of the magnetic field, with the dimensions of the magnet 24 determined by those of the shutter.
- a very high degree of efliciency of the electromagnetic or electrodynamic shutter operating means is thus achieved in accordance with the invention DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND EMBODIMENT A second embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIGS.
- the annular permanent magnet 124 is formed, as before, with four north pole segments 124n alternating with four south pole segments 124s.
- the magnet is magnetized radially, and is connected to and supported from the return flow ring 122 which is fixed to a depending flange on the cover plate, as shown.
- a second return flow ring 123 extends around the inside face of the outer cylindrical wall of the shutter housing.
- the active part of the coil constituting the components 126a and 126b, is in the form of a flange upstanding from the blade driving ring 16 near the outer edge thereof, instead of lying fiat on the ring as in the previous embodiment.
- This upstanding part of each coil lies between the magnet 124 and the return flow ring 123, and is freely movable circumferentially between them.
- the inactive parts of the coils serving merely to complete the circuit through the active parts 126a and 126b, are shown at 1260 and 126d. The rest of the construction is essentially the same as the first embodiment previously described, and operates in the same way.
- the desired operational positioning can be maintained even if the air gap between the coils and the magnet is made very narrow.
- the synthetic material coating the coil components 26c and 26d or 1260 and 126d promotes the rigidity of these parts and thereby prevents deformation or wear of the wire windings.
- a photographic shutter having an optical axis and a housing, shutter blades arranged in said housing and movable between shutter closed and opened positions, a driving ring for moving said shutter blades, at least one magnetic coil fixed on said driving ring and having current input and output circuit connections, at least one ring shaped magnet fixed within said housing coaxially with respect to said optical axis and being magnetized in an axial direction with respect to said optical axis, said magnetic coil having a winding portion arranged in the magnetic field of said magnet and movable in common with said driving ring when a current flows through said magnetic coil, the winding portion (26a, 26b) of the magnetic coil (26) lying within the magnetic field being a flat shaped winding coil, the windings thereof running radially with respect to said optical axis and perpendicular with respect to a tangent of said driving ring, l6).
- a photographic shutter having an optical axis and a housing, shutter blades arranged in said housing and movable between shutter closed and opened positions, a driving ring for moving said shutter blades, at least one magnetic coil fixed on said driving ring and having current input and output circuit connections, at least one ring shaped magnet fixed within said housing coaxially with respect to said optical axis and being magnetized in a radial direction with respect to said optical axis, said magnetic coil having a winding portion arranged in the magnetic field of said magnet and movable in common with said driving ring when a current flows through said magnetic coil, the winding portion (126a, 126b) of the magnetic coil (126) lying within the magnetic field being a ring shaped winding coil, the windings thereof running axially with respect to said optical axis and perpendicular with respect to a tangent of said driving ring (16).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Shutters For Cameras (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE6917120U DE6917120U (de) | 1969-04-28 | 1969-04-28 | Photographischer verschluss mit elektromagnetischem antrieb |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3654845A true US3654845A (en) | 1972-04-11 |
Family
ID=6601796
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US22351A Expired - Lifetime US3654845A (en) | 1969-04-28 | 1970-03-30 | Photographic shutter with electro-magnetic drive means |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3654845A (de) |
DE (1) | DE6917120U (de) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4033693A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1977-07-05 | Agfa-Gevaert, Aktiengesellschaft | Light interrupter |
US4041512A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1977-08-09 | West Electric Co., Ltd. | Light control device |
US4079400A (en) * | 1975-05-26 | 1978-03-14 | Toshihiro Kondo | Optical blade drive apparatus |
US4100558A (en) * | 1972-09-14 | 1978-07-11 | Hiroshi Koike | Automatic-exposure control device for optical instruments |
US4319822A (en) * | 1979-10-13 | 1982-03-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetically operated shutter |
US4322145A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1982-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Shutter device for camera |
US4378146A (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1983-03-29 | Koike Seiki Co., Ltd. | Automatic control device for controlling the iris diaphragm in an optical system |
US4390262A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1983-06-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetically operated diaphragm shutter |
US4415252A (en) * | 1979-01-31 | 1983-11-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetically operated shutter |
US4497557A (en) * | 1982-06-25 | 1985-02-05 | Polaroid Corporation | Electromagnetic shutter mechanism |
US4721972A (en) * | 1985-05-25 | 1988-01-26 | Nippon Kogaku K. K. | Camera having a photo-taking lens barrel movable in the direction of the optic axis |
US4778254A (en) * | 1983-10-26 | 1988-10-18 | Gilliland Iii B David | Optic fiber shutter apparatus |
EP1892567A1 (de) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Blendeneinheit, Bildprojektionsvorrichtung und Anzeigevorrichtung damit |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2055089A (en) * | 1935-07-19 | 1936-09-22 | Fairchild Aerial Camera Corp | Surge timing system for electromagnetic devices |
US2702500A (en) * | 1952-03-20 | 1955-02-22 | Bell Arthur G De | Direct action magnetic shutter |
US3092002A (en) * | 1960-09-23 | 1963-06-04 | Frenk Helmuth | Shutter for photographic apparatus |
GB998197A (en) * | 1961-07-28 | 1965-07-14 | Zeiss Stiftung | A selector ring for photographic apparatus |
AT254688B (de) * | 1964-12-01 | 1967-06-12 | Prontor Werk Gauthier Gmbh | Verschluß für photographische Kameras mit beim Belichtungsvorgang hin- und hergehendem Verschlußblattsystem |
US3533345A (en) * | 1966-03-24 | 1970-10-13 | Prontor Werk Gauthier Gmbh | Photographic camera with reciprocating shutter blade system |
-
1969
- 1969-04-28 DE DE6917120U patent/DE6917120U/de not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-03-30 US US22351A patent/US3654845A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2055089A (en) * | 1935-07-19 | 1936-09-22 | Fairchild Aerial Camera Corp | Surge timing system for electromagnetic devices |
US2702500A (en) * | 1952-03-20 | 1955-02-22 | Bell Arthur G De | Direct action magnetic shutter |
US3092002A (en) * | 1960-09-23 | 1963-06-04 | Frenk Helmuth | Shutter for photographic apparatus |
GB998197A (en) * | 1961-07-28 | 1965-07-14 | Zeiss Stiftung | A selector ring for photographic apparatus |
AT254688B (de) * | 1964-12-01 | 1967-06-12 | Prontor Werk Gauthier Gmbh | Verschluß für photographische Kameras mit beim Belichtungsvorgang hin- und hergehendem Verschlußblattsystem |
US3533345A (en) * | 1966-03-24 | 1970-10-13 | Prontor Werk Gauthier Gmbh | Photographic camera with reciprocating shutter blade system |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4100558A (en) * | 1972-09-14 | 1978-07-11 | Hiroshi Koike | Automatic-exposure control device for optical instruments |
US4033693A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1977-07-05 | Agfa-Gevaert, Aktiengesellschaft | Light interrupter |
US4041512A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1977-08-09 | West Electric Co., Ltd. | Light control device |
US4079400A (en) * | 1975-05-26 | 1978-03-14 | Toshihiro Kondo | Optical blade drive apparatus |
US4390262A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1983-06-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetically operated diaphragm shutter |
US4415252A (en) * | 1979-01-31 | 1983-11-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetically operated shutter |
US4322145A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1982-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Shutter device for camera |
US4319822A (en) * | 1979-10-13 | 1982-03-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetically operated shutter |
US4378146A (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1983-03-29 | Koike Seiki Co., Ltd. | Automatic control device for controlling the iris diaphragm in an optical system |
US4497557A (en) * | 1982-06-25 | 1985-02-05 | Polaroid Corporation | Electromagnetic shutter mechanism |
US4778254A (en) * | 1983-10-26 | 1988-10-18 | Gilliland Iii B David | Optic fiber shutter apparatus |
US4721972A (en) * | 1985-05-25 | 1988-01-26 | Nippon Kogaku K. K. | Camera having a photo-taking lens barrel movable in the direction of the optic axis |
EP1892567A1 (de) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Blendeneinheit, Bildprojektionsvorrichtung und Anzeigevorrichtung damit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE6917120U (de) | 1970-01-22 |
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